nauya 11ma

classficatio Vaases
sed as a basis
Te ollon acealies zne been

Viion Monpdoaa Todadi ine,ahope e a

DE sence O ODEeNde pepdrens ,ond peæbe
absae embones.

CDA oRNA), size aerme in Liebasea Cebg

ilobase- palrs Ckbp), stacanededness (sinpe d doubE
physicsceia popelies el e a i o o ,tfan coliuud ide r.

rooeculan Buoentdansiaq
nass, pH
Ppeilies Tcldin uebes, sie,
Vaus polei
and furchonacdtintee stuso d nonstuck
tc
Pooeins, amino
a c Sequece , a ts e

Gjerpme acrixalioo ard epltetieo ,tioduding

aene
oes umber ard peiton of open a s i
es e
6) Autaenae pep ies
ape
B t e jperlaE tctin'alenecdot eltiosss,
t ssioo,
Tatogend ,hsste tropnos a d paoleat
nucletc acid e y tocsess
Depsina drvisTs
VeseNave das Te o -k rasn
Cotaloin RUA
Riboviues - ase.
Dea oboÄauses hese

Poxefidae i l
, brek-ehaped Oveid irtues 3oOx OxlOoOm)
coroples hruuekme, a prd Costai n

u» lotera od'es and atoe

outer Coak, ore o

smale lead mole cule d ds *DNA

M-Ucatèo
, ars m a t u r h o -ka plece v

Cytops
us prrtieles contan about (eo poteins ,clsim
t enumaio achikes, a c h as a

D A -e p e r d e r t A poyserase
 oniauses d o p r { a s k leskros.
A
So e
pathogerfe to mans (smallpoX
Vaccinla, moltuscum Con asu.

elhers Pgerief mals Con e c t

umans Ccoiopox , oooeupox

HespesViidae-far ly
Medicano sixes Mauses Corztaln Imea s - DnA .

lCsahedra nucleocapsd Cloo as IGa Cpoeas

d ouds a TTd -contaba ernvelope
Mutiplil Eas plaoe inteneucletis d
anduton tby eddingtoe he nuclas rercb
o r y one geus , Hepes vi , hs been cbnncteñse
tHuann kerpes arus cluwdé hepes Stihpler p e s 2
Coal f.oe s n ) , Vafcellk-zeste vus (icceptox

e ,Gtooeaaloius, épstetn-Ba vbus

CAeetus mononucleasis ard associotop aórth hu p
eeplas),bunen epesvlus e anda opaopr
ad buron hemesviaus 8 (assecialed apeeSrco

2Medic ized Co-on onerekped, crabadal

viauses Os Capsoroeds
e n o m e fs TeaT ds'DA, aG 4s Ebp isize
,

Pei occuS h : ucleus.

Atteast f t H p e s Tz|rct huraens , especiely n mucous

oenobranes, a d s p e s can persist t y n o i d tssc
£oe adezowouses Cause Cule es`aoy ddseases ,
C u n e R E ard gastroeteiks.
So e hman danoiauses can d u o e runors Tn h e r o m

amele»s
Mart eoype *e ere e t ieet atslnae
Merers e e n dssiad to gerea
Mastadenevorus - Mamrmln derzainse
Acadeneiorus-Adenoacures g bizds
 Ppvariaidasfabil,

SaAl (4O S5 m), dsA ausesw

eloped,
CatscyMio

e aee
beon fderd
pailbravau
p o l t o m a vaus

Ppillemavatus

ooirus especli, burt

a
m i l e -o n ny
npe e e (6s- leh)amd perrhes
8.4
size
(SS n).
ealse Ehon
Many genopes u a n baJllaauses ,

agerd a gen anes human

Hast and SSuespehe
Many anma 3peetes Cary
aY papil o a a r u s e s

onDaMause s

S Cqo nmereloed eetsLle,dheszesimnt"

Cqeneme- Cocule sNA ,
sEbp in
Thes d ave a size
cell alois aao h CH
A SAthest, and
Eron buab ephbeL o e nuceus
e uses a r e
causaive aaent
eakoencepaln e u t i t o al
eukoencephalopar , and Bk Maus , associalat
nepeop< n tnsplant recaler
S v ¢ o aso peb humans ard s been, deèovexeol do)
bumen tunm ov¬
Mac antal sps. basbor One. m o e po

T e q praduce alert and csoonte e s h theK

halur bosls and all Can trduce tumos in some
animal spces

S. voiicae t i

v e u Small (-as nm non

-erveloped ouses 3lepsomea
Cernoe. CoreTsts -sfondad bna ,lfner,S.tbb
Peplen reuns dy m acAvely dividänq telle; caped
ASserobly t e s pleoe e huceus o he Tece ceh
 rep Kcele oulomomousy
- Many arvo aus ses

slellie e tus
waTAS es
ave
adenoass
ocialed
h e Prese
e e
on
deleve ,

aa apes adenoius o eE
Wous as

Raaan pcovoMous epfate h ondure

cells and auses several adverse
eauses seu

r d
tcOL aplas.
Censeauences ,
e.
ase and feal
bere, been deseibed
qenera
ao us
Aderro satelloXrus

Densoiaus
6. Heperaiateae taly
consisls gt uan hepath hype Bvhru and eled
virees aimanla a r d bods
Chepa laier,dna DNA
S m a d C4o-48' reizcaulc ds -DNA Moleeules Core
t are 3a 6Sp tn size
iotorn ts spledeal 4 m diareles, cnsistner-
an envelape

aTa ous-spa-e anuaes

Hera a vzuses catuse acuk a d confe hepaitt= ;
tesTetet s ave aseckale a ite

daelop Rver Carces.

RNA VTauses
picmaiefdae famil
vinues
Smal (o-3onm, on -envelopecd,Tcosabedhal
ass-RNA ARome s + v e S a s e s e r s t Cubi b
od
ps " iraons a e edeoiuses (Folo, cotsoè
e c o i u e a d chssthed vitse9 , oiovinises \
t n (oo Seoo pes Causi g Common Colds) d
epedoiaus Cepatitis D
berites aidbile hae a higb depsilq
a v e a louer denstu
Entesoiruses aci-ctable
k
a n i l s Tnelude footdnd
peomaiausea Tneeti
0u th dkene d catte P encephoalemaocad odens
 Olhoyxouidae (ail
elonao
MaiuoSied (3O-1aoni) ,spherical or
cuses
eweloped Caaayina h e m m a g l u l i Y i n

neunaminidae eplome
Gjenme
-
SsRDAseveaal (
i ieces
ed f'n
aSsense
Runa sepiO,he rucleecirs'd
e neoleus , oheves he 2linin a
euaminidase acumula h e top 3o
vious a t u n s ybucdna at e elt oenebrane

6 p y O n e u s olluenzaru h a been rece e.

distnetie

luenauus ype c Possesses geeral

tues nd y have to bee sepraled. wtoa
3 P ayomdae n i
on upid ervelope
pleooorphic inons (Isn
e a u A c e pogjecto
CisoOom)

sim to b t laop n otoroxovvuses,

enome- cansemersed gs Ihe RNA
Nucaocopsd+ amaqditinn
ere med inartpksm
nez reosused
atesense u s , Fumpsvs
<myxoaTuLs>res
ase,Canine tempes etc

Mobtteius rus
hursns c
syncytal
rptoatny
Preuomus

fTociidaei e
Cpopoteini envelape
Tn size,oih
shevcal, 40-toe
ond 4s R A aename
tma khost c l l e
Phides re by besing wellas in Veehe
atiopedss
st mabeas matiply
R n a descmbe

A a Viaus GopA astovits es

Rubella iaus
Rubtvius
pestTius -- Mucoal dcea se uus
ee
nog choe>a is 1
athropod e cor
Pube la. iaus nas na
5laiAfdhe fomily
n du
o -6oD
6 0Dm amete , ss tva Sense
Envelojced,

RNA 1seh
size v *
Genonne

to :s Ce
CHainus)
Maue uvons acemule ottoin Ci»teome o
yello e r us t Jenguee iu
uss

l cude
milted y
blood Suckiu arlapcds
bloed-sechr
Trans
koon vect
Hepc. a s h

G Bunyaiiche
Sphencal enveloped inns i n sze
Athaopod -trme u s e s

Oernoe d e cup t iple -Semented circulao

Se e s ense ot amsisenseRrsA ,I1-alkbpn see

Wdm peles
a cntm aCrculeY, bekcalu
rpuelso capsids abt qsm tn dioetes
and aoo-30oo m lenh
in cytOphsm, envelope is acaubal
aptn ocus
buddta to e jolgt

q e n e r eatebuiked - unyauras tlore o LSO sp

Hantaius, Naiooiirus, toleboius, Uumru and

n y urasEiohe viuses

Arenaiidas fanily
spherica o splcarnohic , so-30d
o
ín size ,Coraina
eectaon-dense nbosonoë -l fhe poohcles
aho n Lein)
.(arenaSond
ina e
Sondy appedronce a
eus in cyBopkam oth auerobly
4e asma membaane

one oenus dethhie Arenaiaus

humars cawc
Al arenaumse thogane for
r o n e Tnfaetons n oders Lassa deve u s
oues
ca me
en Thwe
cmdhbms Tb The
Coanent
ma Ximum
laCoortor
 Rhado c a e -amilu ovoade

ullet -shped ausey, lB0- 300 nh T. eplores

otth Cipopdeid envelope Co SeneR,

e n o m e -nea ,SS ,Dons eamentad
in s z e
13-I6 kb
doome
ellm e b r e
P clesormed by Dla
2 enea Nleghte
elamfhs r s ,n muat
vestculeMus- Vestculat
bat, Motola e
sGa s-rabiesvius ,Lagas
.Peoioidae amEy etra-vessbrtmeeba

Mleum sized Coo-so n)

cosahedral syreT channels exlerdng
tom
aro dells D
P=atEles
kae or
spíkes exter o
H uafnceto h e coe: srod
ha mon SAace
RM,
IG-Sy Ebp ins*e
-
Lned
ds,ceemented seoeni
>Genome
in the Catopasm ; qenarne
Ceuvs
Pep ocLus
aeaiu
ascostment
a

nr
oecasNsea:.
rosmas srods
farom buros ohe
3

eeoiuses
inus e t
-

,DPeeus
u'us, Ancan orse siceAs
DOTMaus
-

Bluebaue Caldiarshea Louses

utaioures
Tit)Roloiaus Humap
alalad agernla
distnchve cdheal-slaped appaæote
Potius ave a
ord Cause gacteoenteitis
(o CaONaÄaae
pleanopnie, Envelcped ,anund too ín stze
v e centaue club-shaped peplomere
parieetg s a
reembling the s Corna
he Suace

Chan ca tha name) ipsie

+ve Sense Ss RNA, d o - 3 O E6
C a s e m e n d AenDme ,
nm i dismete.
o-2o
caps-hekel
uctae the CtopaumP
cOmaviuts nudeocapsids develoP h
nto tossnuie vestcle
ae yuddng
have narsdEs hst n a e s mld aale tuhpes
Cause
um:n
Grma
i rises tous.
Mos
"Celds" -

b t ne
hec tllners
Des o r y e Sererre
Ceroroirdi tdeintn'ed in àoo3 Co
a cute
e aday sqdgone SAR»)
 astrds2r
ael eikts, fowro adhn
Cause

bvoiuses
Coonsibruses
sesana
adiy ealetlith persiten
cude
aouse bepaHs us od
bepak
anton
f e h u s onchitis
t ots

I Retroiaidaearo ereree; tra tonscipase

C*
ars relat an.

iues
tupot asé
RNA Tcesebedr,

Afans are2

popoten en
dependen A paMmernie
pNA eet tHhi iua.
RHA
spheica enveopesgenore amins
h
Copes a unear/** ss RA a ttesame

Rept unla ue , ssemply mons oCeurs

buddina pLasma brahes

Supliltes aeceqnic
o n C a i n D a e - PNA TAmod u s a oup

) Spu nD a e -

Foay wus goup (sRuma e d

) Leiishae-Ksna and maedi vinses shap
Ctei-slod) elong *oha sloS rirusaroup
liciimdoe i l y
bte phenc Frdeles Cas-3a a t 3a cup
Shapeld depressbs arange *yrre
Aenone >s S ,tve sense RNA, 4 - 1 4 k b ib size;

has no envelape .

mp. uman
p<oen isNosuoalk uus cause s
ep idem
acu stoverriei+is
othaA aqe5 iet cat 4 sea lions as uellar
pma
t o . pteomairuse bt slhbt hages (at-4om
t3 ovtkdae -pn
lameus, envelaped usea voth hei)
hucleo capsid 4 theSs
eÅAenmme
veo pe c o a i lege peplmex
M a u r g and &ola iau«es CoLSe severe
hamorhaa'e fee ren)
Theereau re ma. tantelmat onons hard
 ,
mUTOZOA, AND VTAUSLS 451 n u d Auinals nd ants
213 Properties Üsed for Classifcation of Viruses Table 214. (continved)
Carecteristia Type of Viru
aaedarcdeic acd Secondag haraderistia Characteristics
rDNA: Host rang RNA tumar viruss rmquiringa
a doabie-strunded; singie ar segmented DNA inter
(-)rad aolecaler weig genome Host speies; specic host Dediate for replication Following uncoating vinl
wrse
transgiptase
genome as a (RNAdependeat
tissues ar cell types DNA polynerase) uses the RNA
trand, rerultmg ín thetenplate
Mode af trnsmission complenentary to tanscribe
abednl or conplec akd eaveloped: complexity,
a efces RNA bybrid; from DNA the DNA strand
formation of a DNA-
edaps es icosabednl virios, dinta of Speciic sufia structures:
DNA strand is
of the
bybrid
synthesized uwing a coDventional
a
conplemestay
fa belial viruses aucdeocap enzyme. and a dsDNA polecule called a provirusDNA polymerns
nigenie properis
is Integrated into the genome of the bost formed: te
is
t i provirus
for viral transformetion
of animal cells he nechnism
Table 21-5. Typical Classiication of Animal and Plant Vinuses on the Basis
ucdei Capsid of Tbeir Inherent Properties
Enveiope
n4Casiacatioa of Viruses on the Basis af
ymmetry Presence Virion Sizæ (am) Genus or
Differences in Their Transiption Processes RNA lcosabeda
Fomily or Group
ypical Member
Type o Viras
Charaderistia novin Tumip yellow mosaic vinus
s
otaig iDNA (=ot DNA v egvirida eoviru
Vinl DNA (aapt for porviru) entens icornaviidoe Enteroviru
RiAK syetbesizd itb uceus of
eo íntermediete bost cell, wbere Tambusis, Tomato bushy stunt vinus
forz the =RNA then 35-80
p o the cyiplam CRCvindoe
ouces bat reains inpavira DNA does Dat Alphav
tbe cyoplasm; protein enter
cell he 100-120
bost Helical ietroviridae ou
Tobacco is
usecbly d irs take
place in tbe yathesis and 17.5 by 300
Tobamovirus
cyioplasn 1250
10 by-120 mosaic virus
Tbe sinjotedd DNA
Dolecale erves as Closterovius Beet yellows virus
y e a pletag trand d lemplate a far the Qrthompovin- Influenzavirus
e a DNA, realtizg in a dsDNA
150-300
dae
produd
patre tor; not forma
d te eplicrive
known wbether eRNA is
of the parental a
60-180 ranOviddae Mobillivinus
ssDNA Phobdoviridoe LyIsgnus; lertuce
V a n ésiNA (+ d - . 90-100 necrouc yellows virus
During e ucoeti procss Dot all of the Bunyaviridae
t s d 10 a2iA seps eals
degadede
a transcribed zucleoprotein
riral gene rraains enclosed; ten mRNA core
moleis Coronaviridoe er
nyectious
-300 oonchitl virus
he bost Arenaviridae
all
oplas
ble-strazded progeny this may ued mRNA b to produce dou upnocytie chorio-
RNA ar ructul DNA lcosabedrnl meningitis virus
A V u s ortaining tbe (+) trad proteins 0
oliors) Foiloig ncoeting in the roplasn the parental (+) strand RNAA Caulimovirus Couliflower mosaic virus
ads 24
u =ZA and directs tbe phss of Farvoviridae FarvovirU
virnl
the proteins;
0-50
protein is NA Polyrerue that catalyres formationane Fopovaviridae
n
(-PNA tand called areplicative afa 70-80
Adenoviridoe Popillomavirus
Mastadenovirus
perial dRNAsince thege ls completeitermediate
a [E Le 1sto Complex Coat
180-200
Herpesvinidae Hepesvi
whicó are
at1ached I-as?NA molecle 230-30o
Poxviridoe Orthopoxvirns
complete dsRNApertialy 2olecale syntbesized(+2A
(replicative form) dilstrands: trom the
be produced,
cosining d one (+J aad As be
trards ha w*e pA d theone(-)
strapd; the other can seen from Table 21-3, the chemical
PNA nature of the nucleic
classification. Thus in 1971, David Baltimoreacíd plays
I
may becgme geDOmes Ior new virs an
important role in virus
prize winner for his work oD tumor (a Nobel
uiA v svaicing the (-) sred
t r a . aprius. rho Followir4 CAtirg ia the cyoplsn the (-PNA strand remains based on how the viral genome is viruses) proposed a classi+cation of
vinyses
usdaled with NA transaiptae, which divided into six
classes on the basisreplicated and expressed. All viruses are
an
=yrAses) catalyzes the
sis of
u?NA Fom e (-ZNA parenial srand; the mkNAssyntbe of their
method of mRNA
transcription (see Table 21-4). The division is based primarily on synthesis
or
Lor structur
proteins a well polymerae and ranscriptase
a codethe the genome is a
single- or (1) whether
transeipAe also caazs t e synthesis
the() strand nor
ad a (+}RNA suard: from
(-RNA molecules genome is
or double-stranded
is not converted to an intermediate nucleic acid and (2) whether the
will be transcribed which form before the mRNA
can ad as =iA or s
geoomes for future vius progeny strand) is
produced. Although this scheme (plus
groups together viruses with similar
VIRoIDS
t cause ddecres q
tpleetfe
vizoids e agena h t t
sot
t
t e delintt
pbr-
he dehuito
clase te iruses ae nuclete. molecules
o)ottheuta
CMW t o , o o o - l 2 0 , 0 o o ) H h o u t phn coztt
plat uoids ave lesCedeCorelendy eleeo
Cosistia o abt 60 nuclatib
i r a a r s RNA oleeules
and h h l y a e o t r e d o-Lke stuctune
'

>Wadids replkeai a n enhrel bovel tnechanuto

Krord RNA koaot raoe
ant PoteuD prducts;
e devasahiua pont aaaes tnduced by vroTds
eceur an t n o o n mecoancsm
a s ide ed t h e potso-spindle b e
sease

PRION
eches p ekes Cornpo ses Solely o proten ä

ecb e ueleie a

HgLly e s t e h t to iacohbn by heat, pmaaldalupk

hat acHio Aus 6eet sen sHve to

*ute ses
Pien pBo ece ded bu a slple Calluled gen
pmen dseates, C=lled tronsmissfble
encephalopat{es " î c u d e scaape
i n cete , and
s h a p , m a d cow dtese
k u u and Coeutzfest-abo6
t a t re:ponsile
>Te mauy alzo be uggeted
Some othes chaontc feuaologia deensate
fr
diseae umans