HEYK\H\ FH LGDGNJMK \K\

K\MBEKVXZK\ MEYGDXLZKFK\
Srgfullmüe MM
Nkethemnmhetg Mefustrmkd
\hburmfkf Mefustrmkd

Dgbmstmlk.

HDKJGZKFG ] KFKSVKFG SGZ?

Meb. @hrekefg Bkrzüe \khez
MEVZGFXLLMGE
Hevkshs fh Lgdgnjmk \K\, hs uek hnprhsk fh lkpmtkd lgdgnjmkeg lge nës fh <3 kûgs he hd nhrlkfg
eklmgekd, ujmlkfk he dk lmufkf fh Lkrtkbhek fh Mefmks Lgdgnjmk, fhfmlkfk k dk ikjrmlklmüe fh hevkshs fh `gok
dktk dmtgbrkimkfgs pkrk kdmnhetgs dîqumfgs
dîqumfgs y südmfgs. Dk hnprhsk luhetk he dk kltukdmfkf lge :33 ldmheths he
lmufkfhs tkdhs lgng Lkdm, Nhfhddîe1 Jgbgtk, Lkrtkbhek, Shrhmrk, Nkemzkdhs, hetrh gtrks k dks lukdhs sh dhs
vhefh prgfultgs fh Dmehk (koustkfgs k sus ehlhsmfkfhs, phrg fhjmfknheth hstkefkrmzkfgs).

Fkfg dk kdtkquh
fhthrnmekfg hxmbhelmk fhdhstrktíbmlgs
dgs iglgs nhrlkfg gjohtmvg kltukd shrëe
y lgnphtmtmvgs y pgthelmkd, dk kdtk
dk lkdmfkf1 fmrhllmüe fh ydkdk lgnpkûîk
dk prgfultmvmfkf `k
rhetkjmdmfkf,
rhprhshetkfgs hstgs he vkrmkjdhs k dgs prglhsgs fh shburmfkf y skduf he hd trkjkog1 prgfullmüe1 nkethemnmhetg
y Dgbmstmlk fh dgs fmihrheths tmpgs fh hevkshs fh pdëstmlg ikjrmlkfg ikjrmlkfgs. Lkjh fhstklkr quh dk hnprhsk
he dk kltukdmfkf sh heluhetrk lhrtmimlkfk pgr dk egrnk M\G =33;?:3;8, Kfhnks fh helgetrkrsh he prglhsg fh
mnpdhnhetklmüe fh hstëefkrhs lgng dg sge K&J1 ZLN1 SND1 Dhke Nkeuiklturmeb.
Nkeuiklturmeb.
Fkfg dk brke lketmfkf fh melgevhemheths quh dk hnprhsk `k themfg pkrk kdlkezkr dks nhtks prgpuhstks,
 prmelmpkdnheth he hd ërhk fh vhetks y prgfullmüe, fhjmfg k ikltgrhs rhdklmgekfgs
rhdklmgekfgs lge Dgbmstmlk1 Srgfullmüe y
Gphrklmgehs1 Nkethemnmhetg1
Nkethemnmhetg1 shburmfkf y skduf he hd trkjkog y Lkdmfkf1 sh rhqumrmü pkrk hd kûg :3:3 prgpgehr 
ue trkjkog lgeouetg hetrh dgs prglhsgs lge hd ime fh lgetrmjumr lge dk nhogrk he dgs prglhsgs fh pdkehklmüe y
ksî pgfhr fkr kdlkelh k dgs gjohtmvgs y nhtks hstkjdhlmfks.
Dk kethrmgr fhlmsmüe `kjrîk rhsudtkfg jheíimlk pkrk dk hnprhsk, `kstk quh he ouemg fh :3;0 mebrhsg Shfrg
Nkrmg Shrhz lgng euhvg fmrhltgr fh vhetks he dubkr fh Ouke Kefrhs Gdkvh, qumhe rheuelmg k dk lgnpkûîk
 pkrk mrsh k gtrk
gtrk he hd methrmgr
methrmgr fhd pkîs.
DG\ SZGFXLVG\ ] HD SZGLH\G FH IKJZMLKLMGE
Dgs hevkshs ikjrmlkfgs he hd prglhsg prgfultmvg fh dk hnprhsk Hevkshs fh Lgdgnjmk \K\, sge fh (<) trhs
rhihrhelmks ÿemlknheth (;, ¾ y ´ fh Bkdüe), lge dk idhxmjmdmfkf fh fhskrrgddkr hd prglhsg fh dmtgbrkiîk he uek
knpdmk bknk fh lgdgrhs y fmshûgs. Vgfgs dgs hevkshs sh ikjrmlke he uek dënmek fh `gok dktk lge fmnhesmgehs
fh ;33 ln fh dkrbg x 23 ln fh kel`g, sunmemstrkfks pgr ue prgvhhfgr methreklmgekd.
Hd prglhsg fh prgfullmüe Memlmk lge dk prhpkrklmüe fh dk nkqumek dmtgbrëimlk y dk mnprhsmüe fh dks dknmeks fh
;33 x 23 lns he dgs lgdgrhs y tknkûgs fhshkfgs. Sksg smbumheth lgesmsth he lgrtkr dk dënmek lge uek lmzkddk
`mfrëudmlk he rhltëebudgs fh 83 lns x <8 lns, dgs lukdhs sh lgevmhrthe he hd nkthrmkd fh hetrkfk kd prglhsg
smbumheth. Sgsthrmgrnheth
Sgsthrmgrnheth dks dënmeks gjthemfks he hd prglhsg fh lgrth, sge trgquhdkfks pkrk fkrdh igrnk imekd
k dgs hevkshs fhphefmhefg fhd trgquhd utmdmzkfg sh gjtmheh uek lketmfkf fhthrnmekfk fh hevkshs ksî?
 

 
Vrgquhd
Vrgquhd B
N 63:3?
<968? \h
\h gjtmheh
gjtmheheue: hevksh
hevkshsfhfh; ¾
bkdüe pgrpgr
bkdüe bgdph fh fh
bgdph, lkfk dknmek
lkfk fh fh
dknmek 8383
x <8 lns.
x <8 lns.

Egtk? Hsth lksg hs uek kfkptklmüe fhrmvkfk fhd lksg Hevkshs y Hevkshs, prgpuhstgs he hd Dmjrg
Sdkehklmüe fh dk Srgfullmüe, Hfmtgrmkd HKIMV, Kutgr? Lkrdgs Kdjhrtg Lkstrg _udukbk
 

  Vrgquhd S :389? \h gjtmhehe 6 hevkshs fh ´ fh bkdüe pgr bgdph, fh lkfk dknmek fh 83 x <8 lns.
Dk hnprhsk fmspgeh fh dgs suimlmheths trgquhdhs pkrk ikjrmlkr lkfk uek fh dks rhihrhelmks, fhjmfg k quh k
lgesmfhrkfg quh hd prglhsg fh trgquhdkfg hs lrmtmlg pkrk ikjrmlkr hevkshs fh lkdmfkf. Dk imburk ; nuhstrk
brëimlknheth dk lketmfkf fh prgfultgs quh sh gjtmhehe fh lkfk dknmek fh ;33 x 28lns y kd trgquhdkr lkfk
dknmek fh 83 x <8 lns.

Imburk ;. Lketmfkf fh Srgfultgs pgr dknmek

he
hevk
vksh
sh fh ; bbkd
kdüe
üe he
hevk
vksh
sh fh ;/
;/:: bbkd
kdüe
üe hevk
hevksh
sh fh ;/6
;/6 ffhh bbkd
kdüe
üe

Sgr ÿdtmng, `ky quh fkrdh ue klkjkfg lge hsnhrmd k lkfk ueg fh dgs hevkshs, pkrk imekdnheth gjthehr hd
 prgfultg thrnmekfg.
thrnmekfg. He dk imburk : sh nuhstrk dk
dk shluhelmk fh ikjrmlklmüe
ikjrmlklmüe pkrk lukdqumhrk
lukdqumhrk fh dgs hevkshs.
hevkshs.
Imburk :. \hluhelmk fh ikjrmlklmüe

mnprhsmüe lgrth trgquhdkfg klkjkfg

Dk lkpklmfkf fh Srgfullmüe
Kltukdnheth, dk hnprhsk Hevkshs fh Lgdgnjmk \K\, luhetk lge uek nëqumek pkrk dk mnprhsmüe dmtgbrëimlk fh
dënmeks, uek lmzkddk `mfrëudmlk pkrk rhkdmzkr hd prglhsg fh lgrth, trhs trgquhdkfgrks `mfrëudmlks y lmelg jkelgs
fh trkjkog lge ue hsnhrmd lkfk ueg pkrk rhkdmzkr hd prglhsg fh klkjkfg. Dk hnprhsk dkjgrk ue tureg fh 0 `grks
(fh dgs lukdhs ; `grk hs eg prgfultmvk) pgr 9 fîks k dk shnkek. Hxmsth dk pgsmjmdmfkf fh utmdmzkr
utmdmzkr ue nëxmng : fh
`grks hxtrks kd fîk pgr trkjkokfgr. Gtrk meigrnklmüe rhdhvketh fh dk lkpklmfkf fh dk hnprhsk sh nuhstrk he dk
tkjdk ;.
Vkjdk ;. Meigrnklmüe fh rhlursgs y tmhnpgs fh ikjrmlklmüe uemtkrmg (tmhnpgs hstëefkr)

ZHLXZ\G\ FM\SGEMJDH\
SZGLH\G VIX
NK[XMEKZMK ZHLXZ\G @
@X
XNKEG
MNSZH\MÜE ; ; ; NMEXVG/DKNMEK
LGZVH ; ; < NMEXVG\ / LGZVH
VZG[XHDKFG < < ;,8 NMEXVG\/BGDSH
KLKJKFG 8 < <3 \HBXEFG\ /XEMFKF
 

Dk lmzkddk `mfrëudmlk, he fgefh sh rhkdmzk hd prglhsg fh lgrth, tmheh uek lkpklmfkf fh lgrth fh `kstk ;3 dënmeks
fh `gok dktk, lge ue kel`g nëxmng fh 03 lns. Sgr su pkrth hd lhetrg fh trkjkog he fgefh sh rhkdmzk hd prglhsg
fh klkjkfg, kuequh tmheh 8 jkelgs fh trkjkog, kd fîk fh `gy sgdg fmspgeh fh < gphrkrmgs.

Gtrgs Mefmlkfgrhs fh lgetrgd fh Srgfullmüe.

K lgetmeuklmüe, y pkrk hihltgs fh dgs keëdmsms rhsphltmvgs sh fhslrmjh hd lgnpgrtknmhetg fh kdbuegs
mefmlkfgrhs ksglmkfgs k dk lkpklmfkf fh prgfullmüe fhd smsthnk.
Vkjdk :. Mefmlkfgrhs fh Srgfullmüe
KÛG :3;=
SZGLH\G   HEH IHJZH NKZ  KJZ  NK] OXEM OXDM KBG\ \HSVMHN GLVXJ  EGYMHN FMLMHNJ
IKLVGZ 
ZG ZG _G MD G G G VG JZH ZH JZH ZH
HIMLMHELM
K   ; 3,=2   ; 3,=6   ; 3,=0 3,=0 3,== 3,=0 3,=0 3,==   ;
MNSZH\MÜ XVMDM_KLM
 E GE 3,=0 3,=6 3,=8 3,=6 3,== 3,=< 3,=0 3,== 3,=0 3,=2 3,=9   3,==
FHIHLVXG
\G\ 3,3: 3,39 3,3< 3,38 3,3; 3,3< 3,3< 3,3: 3,3: 3,3< 3,3:   3,3;
HIMLMHELM
K   ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
LGZVH XVMDM_KLM
GE 3,== 3,=0 3,== 3,=2 3,=9 3,=9 3,=8 3,=8 3,=0 3,=0 3,==   3,=8
FHIHLVXG
\G\ 3,39 3,38 3,38 3,36 3,36 3,38 3,38 3,39 3,38 3,36 3,38   3,39
HIMLMHELM
K 3,=6 3,=0 3,=< 3,=6 3,=8 3,=8 3,=9 3,=6 3,=2 3,=2 3,=6   3,=<
VZG[XHD XVMDM_KLM
KFG GE 3,=8 3,=6 3,=8 3,=6 3,=8 3,=< 3,=8 3,=9 3,=8 3,=2 3,=9   3,=9
FHIHLVXG
\G\ 3,38 3,36 3,3< 3,39 3,3< 3,3< 3,38 3,39 3,3: 3,3< 3,36   3,36
HIMLMHELM
K 3,= 3,= 3,=6 3,=6 3,=< 3,=6 3,=; 3,= 3,=< 3,=6 3,=< 3,=
XVMDM_KLM
KLKJKFG 3,=8 3,=2 3,=8 3,=9 3,=9 3,=9 3,=8 3,=8 3,=2 3,=0 3,=2   3,=8
GE
FHIHLVXG
\G\ 3,3; 3,3: 3,3< 3,3; 3,3: 3,3; 3,3< 3,3< 3,3: 3,3: 3,3<   3,3;

k) K pkrtmr fh hstk
hstk meigrnklm
meigrnklmüe
üe fhthrnmeh
fhthrnmeh dk lkpklmfkf
lkpklmfkf rhkd
rhkd fhd smsthnk
smsthnk y hstkjdhzlk
hstkjdhzlk prgjdhnët
prgjdhnëtmlks
mlks
ksglmkfks.
Vkjdk <. Mefmlkfgrhs fh Nkethemnmhetg
KÛG :3;=
SZGLH\G
MEFMLKFGZ    HEH
ZG IHJZH
ZG NKZ 
_G KJZ 
MD NK
]G OXE
MG OXD
MG KBG\
VG \HSVMHN
JZH GLVX
JZH  EGYMHN
JZH FMLMHN
JZH
IZHLXHELMK FH
IKDDK\ ;3   0 9 8 < 8 8 < 9 9 ;3 ;:
MNSZH\MÜ
 E NVJI ;663   ; 03
033 :633 :003 6033 :633   :633 6033 :633 :633 ;663   ;:33
NVVZ 883   <<668 933 683 :83 <33   <33 683 933 :63 <83   833
IZHLXHELMK FH
IKDDK\   < < 6 8 2 0 9 0 0 = ;: ;:
LGZVH NVJI 6033   6 03
033 <933 :003 :393 ;033   :633 ;033 ;033 ;933 ;:33   ;:33
NVVZ 83   ;33 ;83 :33 :83 <33   :83 633 933 933 033   833
IZHLXHELMK FH
IKDDK\ ;3   ;:
;: ;:   0 0 ;3   0 9 2 2 ;3 ;:
VZG[XHD
KFG NVJI ;663   ; :3
:33 ;:33 ;033 ;033 ;663   ;033 :633 :393 :393 ;663   ;:33
NVVZ 233   22333 933 933 283 ;333   033 233 033 033 ;333   ;:33
IZHLXHELMK FH
KLKJKF IKDDK\   8 8 6 < < : 6 8 < : < ;
G
NVJI :003   : 00
003 <933 6033 6033 2:33   <933 :003 6033 2:33 6033   ;6633
 

NVVZ <33 ;33 :33 ;:3 :33 83 ;33 ;33 =3 83 93 <3

Egtk dgs mefmlkfgrhs NVJI1 NVVZ hstëe fkfgs he nmeutgs/nhs1 ksî nmsng dk irhluhelmk fh ikddks hstë
fkfk he eÿnhrg fh ikddks/nhs
 j) Jkskfg he hstk meigrnklmüe,
meigrnklmüe, fhskrrgddh
fhskrrgddh ue pdke fh nkethemnmhetg kd
kd hqumpg g hqumpgs
hqumpgs nës lrîtmlgs

Vkjdk <. Mefmlkfgrhs fh shburmfkf y skduf he hd trkjkog

KÛG :3;=
SZGLH\G   HEH IHJZH NKZ  KJZ  NK OXE OXD KBG\ \HSVMHN GLVX  EGYMHN FMLMHN
MEFMLKFGZ 
ZG ZG _G MD ]G MG MG VG JZH JZH JZH JZH
MEFMLH FH
IZHLXHELMK 8:30   3 8333   3 3 86<8 8333   3 3 3 8:30 8333
MNSZH\MÜ MEFMLH FH ;36; ;302
 E BZKYHFKF 2 3 8333   3 3 3 8333   3 3 3 8:30 8333
MEFMLH FH
MELMFHELMK   ; 3 ; 3 3 ; ; 3 3 3 ; ;
MEFMLH FH
IZHLXHELMK   3 3 3 3 6030   3 3 3 8333 6030   3 8333
MEFMLH FH ;66:
LGZVH   3 3 3 3 < 3 3 3 8333 6030   3 :3333
BZKYHFKF
MEFMLH FH
MELMFHELMK   3 3 3 3 ; 3 3 3 ; ; 3 ;
MEFMLH FH
IZHLXHELMK <62: 8:30 9992   3 ;93< ;0;: ;992   3 3 <:38 ;2<9 <<<<
VZG[XHD MEFMLH FH ;36;
KFG BZKYHFKF 2 8:30 ;9992   3 6030 ;0;: ;992   3 3 =9;8 090; ;9992
MEFMLH FH
MELMFHELMK   : < 6 3 ; ; ; 3 3 : ; :
MEFMLH FH
IZHLXHELMK ;2<9 ;2<9   3 3 3 ;0;:   3 ;93< ;992   3 3 3
KLKJKF MEFMLH FH
G BZKYHFKF ;2<9 ;2<9   3 3 3 <9:<   3 6030 ;992   3 3 3
MEFMLH FH
MELMFHELMK   ; ; 3 3 3 ; 3 ; ; 3 3 3

l) Vhemhefg
Vhemhefg he luhetk
luhetk hd lgnpgrtk
lgnpgrtknmhe
nmhetg
tg fh dgs mefmlkfg
mefmlkfgrhs
rhs fh shburmfkf
shburmfkf y skduf
skduf he hd trkjkog
trkjkog rhkdmlh
rhkdmlh
ue pkegrknk fh rmhsbgs kd prglhsg nës lrîtmlg.
Lgnpgrtknmhetg fh dks vhetks
Shfrg Nkrmg Shrhz, euhvg fmrhltgr fh nhrlkfhg fh Hevkshs fh Lgdgnjmk \K\, ue krrgbketh kfnmemstrkfgr fh
ehbglmgs, lge NJK he nhrlkfhg y qumhe pglg lrhh y fhskrrgddk hd trkjkog he hqumpg, `k bhehrkfg uek brke
lketmfkf fh fh
lukdmtktmvgs melgevhemheths he dks prgyhllmgehs
prgyhllmge, gjthemhefg prgyhllmgehsfh dks
lgevhetks
hrrgrhsfkfg quh utmdmzk
pgr helmnk prmelmpkdnheth
fhd 83%, nítgfgs
dg quh `k kihltkfg
egtkjdhnheth hd prglhsg fh pdkemimlklmüe fh dk prgfullmüe, ddhvkefg k gjthehr hrrgrhs he dgs prhsupuhstgs,
mevhetkrmgs y emvhdhs fh shrvmlmg kd ldmheth, hetrh gtrgs ksphltgs k rhskdtkr.
Vhemhefg he luhetk dg kethrmgrnheth fhslrmtg dks fmrhltmvks prhglupkfks lge hstk euhvk smtuklmüe qumhrhe
rhgrmhetkr hd lknmeg fh dk grbkemzklmüe, pgr dg quh dg `k helkrbkfg k uf y su hqumpg fh trkjkog fh rhkdmzkr dks
 prgyhllmgehs fh dk fhnkefk pkrk hd kûg :3:3, pkrk dgs prüxmngs shms nhshs fh dgs trhs prgfultgs ikjrmlkfgs.
Skrk hddgs luhetk lge meigrnklmüe `mstgrmk fh dks vhetks rhkdhs quh fh nkthrmkdmzkrge he dgs fgs ÿdtmngs kûgs
lgng sh nuhstrk he dk tkjdk smbumheth?
Vkjdk 6. Lgnpgrtknmhetg fh dks vhetks fh dgs prgfultgs gihrtkfgs

:3;0 :3;=
NH\
;/6 bkdüe ;/: bkdüe ; bkdüe ;/6 bkdüe ;/: bkdüe : bkdüe
HEHZG =;:3 ;;660 ;9303 ;3903 ;6:89 ;0:63
 

IHJZHZG =;:3 ;:<;: ;9033 ;3893 ;<0:6 ;0=93

NKZ_G =:63 ;:3=9 ;0:63 ;3663 ;8;:3 ;=663

KJZMD =603 ;;660 ;28:3 ;3303 ;888: :3003
NK]G =;:3 ;;3;9 ;0:63 ;3<:3 ;8933 :;<93
OXEMG 0003 ;:3=9 ;=903 ;3=:3 ;6963 :3003
OXDMG 0963 ;<;29 ;02:3 ;3663 ;8<<9 :;<93

KBG\VG 0363 ;:3=9 :;933 ;3<:3 ;8;:3 :<8:3

\HSVMHNJZH 0:03 ;:8:0 :3;93 ;3303 ;662: ::<:3
GLVXJZH 0963 ;<;29 ;0603 =603 ;6=36 :;;:3
 EGYMHNJZH 0363 ;6363 ;=903 =<93 ;8290 :;933
FMLMHNJZH 0:03 ;8;:3 ;=:33 =333 ;8290 :3963

Dks fmrhltmvks
fmrhltmvks rhqumhrhe
rhqumhrhe quh sh kekdmlh
kekdmlh hd lgnpgrtk
lgnpgrtknmhet
nmhetgg fh dks vhetks
vhetks y dks prgyhllmgeh
prgyhllmgehss rhsphltmv
rhsphltmvks
ks fh
nkehrk mefmvmfukd y fh nkehrk kbrhbkfk, `klmhefg usg fh ngfhdgs luketmtktmvgs, he lukd uf fhjhrë hslgbhr 
dgs nhogrhs rhsudtkfgs pkrk dgs prüxmngs shms nhshs fhd kûg :3:3.
Skrk ue kfhlukfg hstkjdhlmnmhetg fh dks prgyhllmgehs dk fmrhltmvk fkfg su lgeglmnmhetg y hxphrmhelmk he hd
iuelmgeknmhetg fhd ehbglmg dh hstkjdhlhe dks smbumheths mefmlklmgehs?
  Skrk hd nhs fh hehrg hs ehlhskrmg fmsnmeumr he ue :3% dks prgyhllmgehs fh dk fhnkefk fh prgfultgs
fh hevkshs, fhjmfg k quh vkrmgs ldmheths tmhehe suimlmheth mevhetkrmg fh hstgs tmpgs fh prgfultgs pkrk
hd nhs lmtkfg.
  Skrk hd nhs fh kjrmd, kdbuegs ldmheths quh lgnprke dgs prgfultgs gihrtkfgs rhkdmzke prgnglmgehs dg
quh bhehrk ue melrhnhetg fh dk fhnkefk fh ue <3%
He krks fh rhgrbkemzkr hd iuelmgeknmhetg fhd ehbglmg sh rhqumhrh quh k pkrtmr fh dks prgyhllmgehs rhkdmzkfks sh
hstkjdhzlk ue pdke fh lkpklmfkf k nhfmkeg pdkzg jkskfg he dgs mefmlkfgrhs hstkjdhlmfgs kethrmgrnheth, pkrk
hstkjdhlhr luëd hs hd lknmeg k shbumr he hsth ksphltg y k pkrtmr fh dk smbumheth meigrnklmüe?
  Fîks dkjgrkdhs pkrk dgs prüxmngs shms nhshs fhd kûg :3:3, vhr tkjdk 8?

Vkjdk 8. Fîks Dkjgrkjdhs pgr nhs pkrk

p krk hd prmnhs shnhstrh fhd :3:3

FMK\
NH\
DKJGZKDH\/NH\

HEHZG :8
IHJZHZG :8
NKZ_G :8
KJZMD :<
NK]G :6
OXEMG :<

  Iuhrzk dkjgrkd k Fmlmhnjrh <; fh :3;=, vhr tkjdk 9?

 

Vkjdk 9. Iuhrzk dkjgrkd k <; fh Fmlmhnjrh :3;=

SZGLH\G ZHLXZ\G @XNKEG

MNSZH\MÜE   ;
LGZVH   ;
VZG[XHDKFG   <
KLKJKFG   <

  Lgstg fh prgfullmüe prgnhfmg fh ue hevksh $;:83

  Vmhnpg hxtrk kutgrmzkfg? Nëxmng : `grks kd fîk pgr trkjkokfgr 
  Lgstg fh `grk hxtrk? $682:
  Lgstg fh uek `grk egrnkd? $<980
  Mevhetkrmg Memlmkd pkrk hd nhs fh hehrg fh :3:3? :333 uemfkfhs
  Lgstg fh nkehog fh Mevhetkrmgs? $<333 uemfkf pgr nhs
  Lgstg fh kbgtknmhetg? $8333 uemfkf pgr nhs
  Lgstg fh \ujlgetrktkr? $ ;833 uemfkf pgr nhs
  Vmhnpg prgfultmvg? 2 `grks/fîk
  @grks pkbkfks/fîk? 0 `grks
 
Lgstg fh \hdhllmüe y hetrheknmhetg? $:333333 pgr trkjkokfgr nhs
  Lgstg fh fhspmfg? $:833333 pgr trkjkokfgr nhs.
K pkrtmr fh dgs rhsudtkfgs gjthemfgs he hd pdke fh lkpklmfkf k nhfmkeg pdkzg, sh tmheh dk lhrthzk fh quh dk
lgnpkûîk nhogrkrk egtkjdhnheth he luketg k sus mefmlkfgrhs fh prgfultmvmfkf1 lkdmfkf y rhetkjmdmfkf, ksî
lgng, he dgs emvhdhs fh shrvmlmg y he krks fh bkrketmzkr hstg sh rhqumhrh quh uf hdkjgrh ue prgbrknk nkhstrg y
ue pdk
pdkee fh rhquhr
rhquhrmnm
mnmhet
hetgg fh ldm
ldmhet
heths,
hs, pkrk dgs nhnhshs
shs fh hehrg
hehrg y ihjrhr
ihjrhrgg fh :3:3,
:3:3, jkskfgs
jkskfgs he dgs
rhquhrmnmhetgs fh dgs ldmheths pkrk hevkshs fh lgdgr knkrmddg y vhrfh, shbÿe tkjdk kehxk?
Vkjdk 2. Zhquhrmnmhetg pgrlhetukd fh hevkshs

VMSG FH HEYK\H
LGDGZ FH HEYK\H
;/6 bkdüe ;/: bkdüe ; bkdüe
KNKZMDDG <3% 93% 83%

YHZFH 23% 63% 83%

Skrk dgs imehs phrtmeheths fhjh thehr he lgesmfhrklmüe dg smbumheth?

  Sdkethkr hd prgbrknk nkhstrg fh prgfullmüe memlmkd pkrk dgs nhshs fh hehrg y ihjrhrg, fmvmfmfg hstgs
he shnkeks, vhrmimlkr dk ikltmjmdmfkf fh hsth fhsfh hd puetg fh vmstk fh lkpklmfkf, he lksg fh quh eg
sh ikltmjdh `klhr dgs kousths fhd lksg pkrk hd prgbrknk prgpuhstg shk ikltmjdh.
  Sgsthrmgrnheth fhjh fhthrnmekr dk lketmfkf fh dknmeks fh `gok dktk quh sh rhqumhrhe pkrk quh hd
fhpkrtkn
fhpk rtknhetg
hetg fh lgnprks
lgnprks rhkdmlh
rhkdmlh dk bhstmüe
bhstmüe lgrrhspg
lgrrhspgefmhe
efmheth
th (sm hs ehlhskrmg
ehlhskrmg fhimek pgsmjdhs
pgsmjdhs
 prgvhhfgrhs? Dglkdhs1 rhbmgekdhs1 eklmgekdhs y/g methreklmgekdhs
methreklmgekdhs fhimemhefg dgs lrmthrmgs fh
shdhllmüe). Vhebk he luhetk quh hd tmhnpg fh hetrhbk fhd prgvhhfgr kltukd hs fh ; shnkek y quh dk
 pgdîtmlk fh lgnprk uskfk k dk ihl`k hs DGVH x DGVH. Dk pmeturk utmdmzkfk pkrk dk mnprhsmüe fh dks
dknmeks hs mnpgrtkfk y hd kdnklíe fh nkthrmks prmnks tmheh suimlmheth mevhetkrmg pkrk sktmsiklhr dk
fhnkefk fh dgs prüxmngs 9 nhshs pgr dg quh eg hs ehlhskrmg fhthrnmekr dks lketmfkfhs fh hstks.
 

Jmjdmgbrkiîk.
 Lkstrg,, _udukb
Lkstrg _udukbk,
k, Lkrdgs
Lkrdgs Kdjhr
Kdjhrtg
tg (:330)
(:330).. Sdkehk
Sdkehklmü
lmüee fh dk Srgful
Srgfullmü
lmüe.
e. Igefg
Igefg Hfmtgr
Hfmtgrmkd
mkd
Xemvhrsmfkf HKIMV. Sëbs. :66. Nhfhddîe “ Lgdgnjmk.
 L`kpnke, \thp`he (:339). Sdkemimlklmüe y Lgetrgd fh dk Srgfullmüe. Shkrsge Hfulklmüe. Sëbs.
:00. Níxmlg.
 L`kshs
L`k shs,, Zml`kr
Zml`krff J. Oklgjs
Oklgjs,, I. Zgjhr
Zgjhrt.
t. Kqumdk
Kqumdkeg,
eg, Eml`gd
Eml`gdks
ks O. (:3
(:33=)
3=).. Kfnmem
Kfnmemstr
strklm
klmüe
üe fh
Gphrklmgehs? Srgfullmüe y Lkfhek fh \unmemstrgs. Fugfílmnk Hfmlmüe. Nl Brkw @mdd. Níxmlg
FI.

Rhj Brkiîk
  `ttps?//synpdmimlk.lg
`ttps?//sy npdmimlk.lgn/skdkrmg-
n/skdkrmg-nmemng-:3
nmemng-:3:3
:3
`ttps?//prhvhelmgedkjgrkdrmnkl.lgn/@hrrknmhetks/Mefmlkfgrhs-sst
`ttps?//nkmethekelh
`ttps?//nkm ethekelhdk.jdgbsp
dk.jdgbspgt.lgn/:3;
gt.lgn/:3;;/;3/lge
;/;3/lgeimkjmdmf
imkjmdmfkf-fmspg
kf-fmspgemjmdmfkf
emjmdmfkf-y.`tnd
-y.`tnd