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คำศัพท์ภาษาถิ่นในคำซ้อนภาษาไทย
คำศัพท์ภาษาถิ่นในคำซ้อนภาษาไทย
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
∫∑§«“¡π’È¡’®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë®–»÷°…“≈—°…≥–°“√„™â§”»—æ∑å¿“…“∂‘Ëπ„π§”´âÕπ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§” Ú §” ´÷Ëßµà“ß
‡ ’¬ß·µà¡§’ «“¡À¡“¬‡À¡◊ÕπÀ√◊Õ§≈⓬°—π æ√âÕ¡∑—ßÈ ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß´÷ßË ‰¥â®“°ß“π«‘®¬— ¿“…“∂‘πË Ù ¿“…“ §◊Õ ¿“…“∂‘πË ‚§√“™
¿“…“∂‘Ëπ√–¬Õß ¿“…“∂‘Ëπ ߢ≈“ ·≈–¿“…“∂‘Ëππ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ (¿“…“∂‘Ëππ§√œ) º≈ª√“°Ø«à“¡’Õ¬Ÿà Ù ≈—°…≥– §◊Õ
Ò. °√ÿ߇∑æœ „™â§”´âÕπ∑’Ë¡’§”°√ÿ߇∑æœ Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ßÀπâ“·≈–§”¿“…“∂‘Ëπ Ò „π Ù ¿“…“Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ßÀ≈—ß Ú. °√ÿ߇∑æœ „™â
§”´âÕπ∑’Ë¡’§”°√ÿ߇∑æœ Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ßÀ≈—ß·≈–§”¿“…“∂‘Ëπ Ò „π Û ¿“…“Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ßÀπâ“ Û. °√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–‚§√“™„™â§”´âÕπ∑’Ë¡’
§”°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–§”‚§√“™ ≈—∫∑’Ë°—π‡ªìπ Ú ·∫∫ ·≈– Ù. °√ÿ߇∑æœ „™â§”´âÕπ ·µàπ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™·≈– ߢ≈“·¬°§”
„π§”´âÕπ¡“„™â‡¥’ˬ« Ê ‰¥â∑—Èß Ú §” · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“§”∑’Ëπ”¡“´âÕπ§«∫§Ÿà°—ππ—Èπ ·µà≈–§Ÿà‡ªì𧔉∑¬‡¥‘¡ à«π„À≠à‡æ◊ËÕ
‰¢§«“¡„πÕ’°§”Àπ÷Ëß„Àâ™—¥¢÷Èπ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’˧”‰¢§«“¡„π§”´âÕπ‰¡à„™à§” ”§—≠ πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õߧ«“¡À¡“¬®÷ßÕàÕπ≈ß ·≈–
„π∑’Ë ÿ¥∫“ߧ” Ÿ≠§«“¡À¡“¬‰ª ‰¡à¡’„™â‡ªìπ§”查ª√°µ‘„π¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·µà¬—ߧߡ’‡À≈◊Õ·≈–„™âÕ¬Ÿà„π¿“…“‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ
Õ◊πË Ê µ“¡§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ¢Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ π‘√°ÿ µ‘»“ µ√å ¿“§ Ú (æ√–¬“Õπÿ¡“π√“™∏π
ÚÙ˘˘ : ÚÒˆ - ÚÒ˘)
§” ”§—≠ : ¿“…“∂‘Ëπ, §”´âÕπ
§”»—æ∑å¿“…“∂‘Ëπ„π§”´âÕπ¿“…“‰∑¬
160
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. ÚıÙ¯
«‘®‘πµπå ¿“≥ÿæß»å
161
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
§”»—æ∑å¿“…“∂‘Ëπ„π§”´âÕπ¿“…“‰∑¬
162
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. ÚıÙ¯
«‘®‘πµπå ¿“≥ÿæß»å
163
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
Ú.Ò µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”´âÕπ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§”‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™°—∫§”‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ
§”´âÕ𠧔‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™ §”‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ
©âÕ‚°ß ©âÕ ‡™àπ ‡æ◊ËÕπ©—π©âՇߑπ≈ÿ߉ª Û · π ‚°ß
‡®Á∫ª«¥ ‡®Á∫ ‡™àπ §π‡ªìπ‚√§°√–‡æ“–¡—°‡®Á∫∑âÕß∫àÕ¬ Ê ª«¥
´ÿ°´àÕπ ´ÿ° ‡™àπ ‡Õ“ª“°°“‰ª´ÿ°∑’ˉÀπ À“‰¡à‡ÀÁπ ´àÕπ
·∑â®√‘ß ·∑â ‡™àπ ‰¡à¡’„§√√—°‡√“·∑â πÕ°®“°æàÕ·¡à ®√‘ß
∫°æ√àÕß ∫° ‡™àπ °‘π¢π¡®’π∑âÕß∫°‡√Á«°«à“°‘π¢â“« æ√àÕß
ª°§≈ÿ¡ ª° ‡™àπ ‡Õ“ºâ“ª°À—«„ÀâπâÕßÀπàÕ¬ §≈ÿ¡
π”æ“ π” ‡™àπ «—π‡ “√åæàÕ®–π”‡√“‰ª‡∑’ˬ«ß“π™â“ß æ“
Ú.Ú µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”´âÕπ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§”‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ√–¬Õß°—∫§”‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ
Ú.Û µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ”´âÕπ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬§”‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ ߢ≈“°—∫§”‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ
§”´âÕ𠧔‰∑¬∂‘Ëπ√–¬Õß §”‰∑¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ
™¥„™â ™¥ ‡™àπ À“¡à“¬‡∫’¬È µ“¡™¥ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‰¡à¡‡’ ß‘πµ“¡„™â) „™â
‡™◊ÕÈ ‡™‘≠ ‡™◊ÈÕ „π ߢ≈“„™â„𧫓¡À¡“¬‡™‘≠§√Ÿ‡¢â“ ‘ßÕ¬à“ßæ‘∏’ ‡™‘≠
∑√߇®â“ ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“ ‡™◊ÈÕ§√Ÿ
‡´◊ÕË ß´÷¡ ‡´◊ËÕß ‡™àπ Õ¬Ÿ‡à ´◊ËÕß Ê (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∑à“∑“ß´÷¡) ´÷¡
¥âÕ¡ Ê ¡Õß Ê ¥âÕ¡ „™â„𧫓¡À¡“¬«à“ ·Õ∫¥Ÿ ‡™àπ
≈Õ߉ª¥âÕ¡·≈µ– (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ≈Õ߉ª·Õ∫¥Ÿ´‘) ¡Õß
µ‘¥§â“ß µ‘¥ ‡™àπ ¬—ßµ‘¥‡∫’¬È √âÕ¬∫“∑ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ¬—ߧâ“߇ߑπ√âÕ¬∫“∑) §â“ß
‡µ‘∫‚µ ‡µ‘∫ ‡™àπ ª≈“µ—«‡µ‘∫ ‚µ
µË”‡µ’Ȭ µË” ‡™àπ æ’˵˔À«à“πâÕß (°√ÿ߇∑æœ æ’ˇµ’Ȭ°«à“πâÕß) ‡µ’Ȭ
∑‘Ë¡µ” ∑‘Ë¡ ‡™àπ ∑‘Ë¡À¡“° µ”
∑‘Ë¡πÈ”™ÿ∫ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ µ”πÈ”æ√‘°)
∑ÿà¡∑‘Èß ∑ÿà¡ ‡™àπ ∑ÿà¡∫â“π‰«â (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∑‘Èß∫â“π‰«â) ∑‘Èß
∑ÿࡇ¡’¬·≈â« (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∑‘È߇¡’¬·≈â«)
§”»—æ∑å¿“…“∂‘Ëπ„π§”´âÕπ¿“…“‰∑¬
164
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≈—°…≥–∑’Ë Û
Û.Ò §”´âÕπ∫“ߧ”∑’Ë¡’„™âÕ¬Ÿà∑—Èß„π¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ §”·√° ´÷Ëß„™â‡¥’ˬ« Ê „π
¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‰¥â °—∫ §”À≈—ß ´÷Ëß„™â‡¥’ˬ« Ê „π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™‰¥â ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß
§”´âÕπ
§”´âÕπ„π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™ §”‡¥’ˬ«„π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™
¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ
§”´âÕπ
§”´âÕπ„π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™ §”‡¥’ˬ«„π¿“…“∂‘Ëπ‚§√“™
¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ
°’¥¢«“ß ‚ª√¥‡Õ“ ‘Ëß°’¥¢«“ßÕÕ°®“°∑“߇∑â“ °’¥ ‡™à𠄧√‡Õ“‰¡â¡“«“ß°’¥∂ππ
‡§’¬¥·§âπ ‡¢“µàÕ¬°—π‡æ√“–‡§’¬¥·§âπ°—π¡“π“𠇧’¬¥ ‡™à𠇧’¬¥°—π®πµ“¡¶à“≈â“ß‚§µ√
ø°™È” π—°¡«¬§ππ—Èπ∂Ÿ°µàÕ¬®πÀπ⓵“ø°™È” ø° ‡™àπ ∂Ÿ°π—°‡≈ßµàÕ¬‡Õ“Àπ⓵“ø°À¡¥
≈—°…≥–∑’Ë Ù
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à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õߧ”´âÕπ „™â‡ªì𧔇¥’ˬ«‰¥â ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß
§”´âÕπ„𠧔‡¥’ˬ«„π¿“…“∂‘Ëππ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™
§«“¡À¡“¬
¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–¿“…“∂‘Ëπ ߢ≈“
‡ªî¥‡º¬ 燪 ¥ßÕÕ°é ‡ªî¥ ‡™àπ ‡ªî¥ª“°
‡º¬ ‡™àπ ‡º¬ª“°µŸ‰«â
(π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ ª“°µŸ, °√ÿ߇∑æœ ª√–µŸ)
®—∫µâÕß, ç®—∫é ®—∫ ‡™àπ Õ¬à“®—∫πâÕß·√ß Ê
µâÕß ‡™àπ Õ¬à“µâÕßπâÕß·√ß Ê
®—∫©«¬ ©«¬ ‡™àπ Õ¬à“©«¬πâÕß·√ß Ê ( ߢ≈“°Á„™â)
‡°’¬Ë «¢âÕß ç°. µ‘¥µàÕ°—πé ‡°’ˬ« ‡™àπ ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇ∏Õ‰¡à‡°’ˬ«
¢âÕß ‡™àπ ‰¡â¢âÕ߇ ◊ÈÕ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‰¡â·¢«π‡ ◊ÈÕ)
«‘®‘πµπå ¿“≥ÿæß»å
165
The Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
§”´âÕπ„𠧔‡¥’ˬ«„π¿“…“∂‘Ëππ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™
§«“¡À¡“¬
¿“…“°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–¿“…“∂‘Ëπ ߢ≈“
°≈â“À“≠ ç°≈â“é °≈â“ ‡™àπ ‰¡à°≈â“∑”
À“≠ ‡™àπ ‰¡àÀ“≠‰ª ( ߢ≈“°Á„™â)
øíòπ‡ΩóÕ ç°. ‡§≈◊Õ∫§≈ÿ¡, æ—«æ—π°—π, øíòπ ç∑”„Àâæ—«æ—π°—π, ∑”„Àâ¬ÿàß, ∑”„À⇪ìπ‡°≈’¬«é
ªπ§≈–°—π, ¬ÿàßé (°. ∑” ‘Ë߇ªìπ‡ âπ„À⇢Ⓡ°≈’¬«) ‡™àπ øíòπ‡™◊Õ°
‡ΩóÕ ‡™àπ ‡ΩóÕ‡™◊Õ° (°√ÿ߇∑æœ øíòπ‡™◊Õ°)
‡ΩóÕ‡ªï¬ (°√ÿ߇∑æœ ∂—°À“߇ªï¬)
Õâ«πæ’ çÕâ«πé Õâ«π ‡™àπ °‘π‡¢â“‰ª‡∑à“„¥°Á‰¡àÕâ«π —°∑’
( ߢ≈“°Á„™â)
æ’ ‡™àπ ª≈“µ—«π’Èæ’®—ß ( ߢ≈“°Á„™â)
§”»—æ∑å¿“…“∂‘Ëπ„π§”´âÕπ¿“…“‰∑¬
166
«“√ “√√“™∫—≥±‘µ¬ ∂“π
ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ¡.§.-¡’.§. ÚıÙ¯
This paper aims to study the use of dialect words in Thai doublets which consist of two words
with different sounds but similar meanings. Examples of this type of doublets are drawn from research
works on four Thai dialects, i.e. Khorat dialect, Rayong dialect, Songkhla dialect, and Nakhon
Si Thammarat dialect. It is found in this study that there are four types of doublets as below.
1. The doublets in the Bangkok dialect which consist of a Bangkok dialect word followed by a
word in one of the four dialects listed above.
2. The doublets in the Bangkok dialect which consist of a dialect word in one of the three dialects,
i.e. the Khorat dialect, Rayong dialect and the Songkhla dialect, followed by a Bangkok dialect word.
3. The doublets in the Bangkok and Khorat dialects which consist of a Bangkok dialect word and
a Khorat dialect word occurring either in the first or the second position.
4. Each of the two words in the doublets used in the Bangkok dialect can be used in isolation in
the Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla dialects.
These facts support Phya Anumanrajadhon’s claim that the words used in doublets are old Thai
words one of which functions to modify the other. Since the modifying word does not contribute a
substantial meaning to the doublet, its meaning is likely to be bleached. Some modifying words lose
their meanings eventually and disappear from the Bangkok dialect. However, they still exist in other
dialects.
«‘®‘πµπå ¿“≥ÿæß»å
167