I.

Indefinite articles (Mạo từ không xác định A, AN)

1. Được dùng trước một danh từ không xác định về mặt vị trí/ tính chất/ đặc điểm hoặc được nhắc đến lần đầu
tiên trong câu.
2. Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định như: a lot of/a great deal of/a couple/a dozen.
3. Dùng trước những số đếm nhất định thường là hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như a/one hundred - a/one
thousand.
4. Dùng trước "half" (một nửa) khi nó theo sau một đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo and a half
5. Dùng với các đơn vị phân số như 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth.
6. Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, 4 times a day.
7. Dùng trước các danh từ số ít đếm được. trong các thán từ what a nice day/ such a long life.

II. Definite articles: (Mạo từ xác định THE)

 Dùng trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc được nhắc đến lần thứ
hai trong câu.
 The + danh từ + giới từ + danh từ
Ex: The girl in blue, the Gulf of Mexico.
 Dùng trước những tính từ so sánh bậc nhất hoặc only.
Ex: The only way, the best day.
 Dùng cho những khoảng thời gian xác định (thập niên): In the 1990s
 The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ
Ex: The man /to whom you have just spoken /is the chairman
 Trước một danh từ ngụ ý chỉ một vật riêng biệt
Ex: She is in the (= her) garden
 The + danh từ số ít tượng trưng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật
Ex: The whale = whales (loài cá voi), the deep-freeze (thức ăn đông lạnh)
Lưu ý: Nhưng đối với man khi mang nghĩa "loài người" tuyệt đối không được dùng the.
Ex: Since man lived on the earth (kể từ khi loài người sinh sống trên trái đất này)
 The + adj: Tượng trưng cho một nhóm người (-> danh từ số nhiều)
Ex: The old = The old people/ The unemployed/ The disabled are often very hard in their moving
 The + tên các vùng/ khu vực đã nổi tiếng về mặt địa lý hoặc lịch sử
Ex: The Sahara (desert)/ The Siberia (tundra)/ The Normandic
 The + East/ West/ South/ North + Danh từ

used as adjective
Ex: The North/ South Pole (Bắc/ Nam Cực), The East End of London (Khu đông Lôn Đôn)
Lưu ý: Nhưng không được dùng THE trước các từ này nếu nó đi liền với tên châu lục hoặc quốc gia: West
Germany, North America...
 The + họ một gia đình ở số nhiều = gia đình nhà
Ex: The Smiths = Mr/ Mrs Smith and children
 Không được dùng "the" trước các danh từ chỉ bữa ăn trong ngày trừ các trường hợp đặc biệt.
Ex: We ate breakfast at 8 am this morning
Ex: The dinner that you invited me last week were delecious.

 Không được dùng "the" trước một số danh từ như home, bed, church, court, jail, prison, hospital,
school, class, college, univercity v.v... khi nó đi với các động từ và giới từ chỉ chuyển động chỉ đi đến đó là
mục đích chính hoặc ra khỏi đó cũng vì mục đích chính.
Ex: Students go to school everyday.
Ex: The patient was released from hospital.
 Nhưng nếu đến đó hoặc ra khỏi đó không vì mục đích chính bắt buộc phải dùng "the".
Ex: Students go to the school for a class party.
Ex: The doctor left the hospital afterwork
Lưu ý: Trong American English, “Hospital” và “University” bắt buộc phải dùng với the
Ex: He was in the hospital (in hospital as a patient)
Ex: She was unhappy at the University (At University as a student)
 Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
 Go to work = Go to the office.
 To be at work (đang đi làm)
 Go to sea = đi biển (như những thủy thủ) # Go to the sea = ra biển, thường để nghỉ
 To be at the sea: ở gần biển # To be at sea (ở trên biển) trong một chuyến hải hành.

Bảng sử dụng "the" và không sử dụng "the" trong một số trường hợp điển hình
SỬ DỤNG "THE" KHÔNG SỬ DỤNG “THE”
 Dùng trước tên các đại dương, sông ngòi, biển,  Trước tên một hồ
vịnh và các hồ (ở số nhiều) Lake Geneva
The Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gufl, the
Great Lakes
 Trước tên các dãy núi: The Rocky Mountains  Trước tên một ngọn núi: Mount Vesuvius
 Trước tên những vật thể duy nhất trong vũ trụ  Trước tên các hành tinh hoặc các chòm sao
hoặc trên thế giới
The earth, the moon
 The schools, colleges, universities + of + danh từ
riêng
The University of Florida
 the + số thứ tự + danh từ
The third chapter.
 Trước tên các cuộc chiến tranh khu vực với điều
kiện tên khu vực đó phải được tính từ hoá
The Korean War (=> The Vietnamese economy)
 Trước tên các nước có hai từ trở lên (ngoại trừ
Great Britain): The United States
 Trước tên các nước được coi là một quần đảo hoặc
một quần đảo:The Philipines, The Hawaii
 Trước tên các tài liệu hoặc sự kiện lịch sử
The Constitution, The Magna Carta
 Trước tên các nhóm dân tộc thiểu số: the Indians
 Trước tên các môn học cụ thể
The Solid matter Physics
 Trước tên các nhạc cụ khi đề cập đến các nhạc cụ
đó nói chung hoặc chơi các nhạc cụ đó.
The violin is difficult to play
Who is that on the piano
Venus, Mars
 Trước tên các trường này nếu trước nó là một
tên riêng: Stetson University
 Trước các danh từ đi cùng với một số đếm
Chapter three
 Trước tên các nước mở đầu bằng New, một
tính từ chỉ hướng hoặc chỉ có một từ
New Zealand, North Korean, France
 Trước tên các lục địa, tỉnh, tiểu bang, thành
phố, quận, huyện: Europe, Florida
 Trước tên bất kì môn thể thao nào
baseball, basketball
 Trước các danh từ trừu tượng (trừ một số
trường hợp đặc biệt): reedom, happiness
 Trước tên các môn học nói chung: mathematics
 Trước tên các ngày lễ, tết: Christmas,
Thanksgiving
 Trước tên các loại hình nhạc cụ trong các hình
thức âm nhạc cụ thể (Jazz, Rock, classical music..)
To perform jazz on trumpet and piano
Lesson 9: ARTICLES
Name: ......................................................... Class: 12 .....
EXERCISE 1: Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence.
1. My mother goes to church in _______ morning.
A. Ø B. every C. the D. a
2. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _______ sea.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
3. There are billions of stars in _______ space.
A. a B. an C. Ø D. the
4. This is _______ most difficult exercise in the textbook.
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø
5. We had _______ dinner in a restaurant.
A. a B. an C. Ø D. the
6. My daughter plays _______ piano very well.
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø
7. What did you have for _______ breakfast this morning.
A. Ø B. a C. an D. the
8. Eli likes to play _______ volleyball.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
9. London is _______ capital of England.
A. an B. a C. Ø D. the
10. Tom has played _______ guitar since he was seven years old.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
11. My daughter is learning to play _______ violin at her school.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
12. Please give me _______ pen which is on the counter.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
13. _______ ink in my pen is red.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
14. It is _______ funniest book that I have ever read.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
15. Can anyone give me _______ hand?
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
16. She always said that when she grew up she wanted to be _______.
A. doctor B. a doctor C. the doctor D. a doctors
17. I have left my book in _______ kitchen and I would like you to get it for me.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
18. Please meet me at the train station in _______ hour from now.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
19. _______ president of the United States will be visiting Australia next week.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
20. July goes to _______ work on the bus.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
21. We can finish the rest of the bread for _______ breakfast.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
22. We need to protect _______ environment from pollution.
A. some B. a C. an D. the
23. We often go to school by _______ bicycle.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
24. We visited _______ two years ago.
A. Canada and the United States B. the Canada and the United States
C. the Canada and United States D. Canada and United States
25. Are you going away next week? No, _______ week after next week.
A. a B. the C. some D. Ø
26. We haven’t been to _______ for years.
A. cinema B. the cinema C. a cinema D. any cinema
27. There is a cat and a dog in the room. _______ dog is chasing _______ cat.
A. a / a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a
28. A man and a woman were standing outside my house. _______ man looked English but I think _______
woman was foreign.
A. the / a B. a / the C. a/ a D. the / the
29. John sat on _______ chair nearest the door.
A. the / a B. a / the C. a /a D. the / the
30. For breakfast I had _______ sandwich. _______ sandwich wasn’t very nice.
A. the / a B. a / the C. a / an D. the / the
31. I would love to live by _______ sea.
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø
32. What is _______ longest river in _______ world?
A. the/ a B. a / the C. a / a D. the / the
33. We live in _______ big house in _______ middle of the village.
 A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
34. I’m looking for _______ job. Did Mary get _______ job she applied for?
A. a / the B. the / a C. a/ a D. the / the
35. Did _______ police find _______ person who stole your bicycle?
A. a /a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a
36. The Soviet Union was _______ first country to send a man into _______ space.
A. the /the B. Ø / Ø C. Ø /the D. the / Ø
37. Bill was _______ only pupil who could answer the question.
A. the B. Ø C. a D. an
38. Peru is _______ country in South America. _______ capital is Lima.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
39. It was a beautiful day. _______ sun shone brightly in _______ sky.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
40. _______ book you ordered _______ last week is now in stock.
A. the/ Ø B. a/ the C. Ø/ an D. Ø/ the
EXERCISE 1: Choose the word or the phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the sentence.
1. We went out for _____ meal last night. _____ restaurant we went to was excellent.
A. a/ The B. the/ A C. a/  D. the/ 
2. As I was walking along the street, I saw _____ $10 note on _____ pavement.
A. a/ a B. the/ the C. a/ the D. the/ a
3. _____ actress’s life is in many ways unlike that of other women.
A. An B. A C. As D. That the
4. Kate plays _____ violin in an orchestra.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
5. _____ computer has changed _____ way we live.
A. A/ the B. The/ the C. A/ a D. The/ a
6. Excuse me, where is _____ bus station, please?
A. a B. the C.  D. an
7. What did you have for _____ breakfast this morning?
A. a B. an C. the D. 
8. Peter used to work in _____ Middle East.
A.  B. the C. an D. a
9. My plane was delayed. I had to wait at _____ airport for three hours.
A. the B. a C. an D. 
10. I have _____ problem. Can you help me?
A.  B. a C. an D. the
11. Barack Obama is _____ President of _____ United States.
A. the/ the B. a/  C. the/  D. the/ an
12. He never listens to _____ radio. He prefers watching _____ television.
A. a/ a B. a/ the C. the/  D. / the
13. _____ university will be built in _____ center of the town.
A. A/ the B. An/ the C. The/ a D. An/ a
14. _____ River Nile is _____ longest river of all.
A. /  B. A/ the C. The/ the D. / a
15. _____ Women’s Day is on _____ eighth of March.
A. The/  B. / the C. The/ an D. / an
16. By _____ time we had just left the office, _____ alarm went off.
A. / the B. a/ an C. a/ the D. the/ an
17. He grew up in _____ orphanage in _____ United Kingdom.
A. the/  B. an/ an C. the/ an D. an/ the
18. Laura is friendly. She can make _____ friends easily.
A. a B. an C. the D. 
19. That car can run at _____ speed of 180 miles _____ hour.
A. the/ an B. a/ the C. a/ a D. the/ a
20. _____ experience is _____ best teacher.
A. An/ the B. / the C. the/ the D. an/ a

PRACTICE TEST 3
Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Question 1: A. solved B. studied C. learned D. published
Question 2: A. turtles B. stamps C. methods D. interviews
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. deadline B. recruit C. employ D. include
Question 4: A. quality B. relevant C. apprentice D. challenging
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: We are going to see ____________Statue of Liberty this weekend .
A. a B. an C. the D. x (no article)
Question 6: If the weather were not too bad now, we ___________ golf.
A. played B. will play C. would play D. will not play
Question 7: The police arrested the man while he ________dinner in a restaurant.
A. was having B. would have C. had D. had had
Question 8: ________ Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth about the incident.
A. In spite of B. Since C. Although D. Because of
Question 9: Newspapers and magazines ___________ early every morning.
A.deliver B. were delivered C. have been delieved D. are delivered
Question 10: By the time John ___________ for New York, he had sold his apartment.
A. left B. was leaving C. leaves B. will leave
Question 11: As __________ a liar, he becomes angry.
A. are called B. having called C. called D. calling
Question 12: I remember ________ to Paris when I was a very small child.
A.a. to be taken B. having taken C. being taken D. to have taken
Question 13: The mobile phone is an effective means of ______ in the world nowadays.
A. communicated B. communication C. communicative D. communicable
Question 14: A survey was _____ to study the effects of smoking on young adult
A. carried B. conducted C. filled D. commented
Question 15: It may already to _______ action to prevent the loss of habitat these animals face.
A. make B. take C. get D. pay
Question 16: What ______ do I need to teach English as a Foreign Language?
A. degree B. qualification C. certificate D. diploma
Question 17: _______ every industry in our modern world requires the work engineers.
A. Wholly B. Hardly C. Only D. Virtually
Question 18: All the _____ in the stadium applauded the winner of the marathon when he crossed the fishing line.
A. watchers B. audiences C. viewers D. spectators
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s):
Question 19: Young people are often inspired to devote themselves to their career by the older generations.
A. determined B. motivated C. expected D. supposed
Question 20: Our distinguished guests have just arrived. Let’s welcome them with a big round applause.
A. determined B. developed C. honored D. famous
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s):
Question 21: Children with cognitive impairments often face discrimination in life.
A. intolerance B. injustice C. unfairness D. indifference
Question 22: My aunt decided to remain celibate and devote her life to helping the poor.
A. single B. divorced C. married D. separated
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of
the following exchanges:
Question 23: Ken and Laura are saying goodbye to each other after going to LOTTE Center. And they are going to
have a date with each other later.
Laura: “Well, it’s getting late. Maybe we could get together sometime.” – Ken: “___________________”
A. Nice to see back you. B. Take it easy.
C. Sounds good. I’ll give you a call. D. Yes, I’ve enjoyed it.
Question 24: “Would you like some help?” – “__________________.”
A. Yes, please. B. Of course, not. C. No, please do D. Thanks, I will
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in
each of the following questions.
Question 25: A number of applicants have already been interviewed but none of them are
A B C
enough qualified
D
Question 26: She wore a glorious gown creating by a famous designer in the final round of the contest last night.
A B C D
Question 27: Many young people lack skills, good education, and financial to settle in the
A B
urban areas where many jobs are found.
C D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 28: The last time I wrote to Jane was two months ago.
A. I didn’t write to Jane two months ago. B. I have never written to Jane before.
C. It’s two months since I began writing to Jane. D. I haven’t written to Jane for two months.
Question 29: John said “We are having a Christmas party at my house next Saturday”.
A. John said they are having a Christmas party at my house next Saturday.
B. John said they were having a Christmas party at his house the following Saturday.
C. John said they were having a Christmas party at my house next Saturday.
D. John said they are having a Christmas party at his house the following Saturday.
Question 30: Tom didn’t prepare well for the interview, so he wasn’t apreciated by the interviewer.
 A. If John prepare well for the the interview, he will be appreciated by the interviewer.
B. If John prepared well for the the interview, he would be apreciated by the interviewer.
C. Unless John had prepared well for the the interview, he would have been apreciated by the interviewer.
D. Had John prepared well for the the interview, he would have been apreciated by the interviewer.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 31: Jane didn’t invite Jim to her birthday party last night. Now she feels regret.
A. Jane wishes she invited Jim to her birthday party last night.
B. If only Jane hadn’t invited Jim to her birthday party last night
C. If only Jane invited Jim to her birthday party last night.
D. Jane wishes she had invited Jim to her birthday party last night.
Question 32: Hans told us about his investing in the company. He did it on his arrival at the meeting.
A. Only after investing in the company did Hans inform us of his arrival at the meeting.
B. Not until Hans told us that he would invest in the company did he arrive at the meeting.
C. Hardly had he informed us about his investing in the company when Hans arrived at the meeting.
D. No sooner had Hans arrived at the meeting than he told us about his investing in the company.
Read the text and fill in each gap with correct option:
Urbanization refers to the population ___(33)_____ from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in
the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which (34) ______ society adapts to this change.  It
is predominantly the process by (35) _______ towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people
begin living and working in central areas. ____(36)_______ the two concepts are sometimes used interchangeably,
urbanization should be distinguished from urban growth: urbanization is "the proportion of the total national
population living in areas classed as urban," while urban growth refers to "the absolute number of people living in
urban areas". The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end
of 2008. It is ____(37)______ that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed
world will be urbanized. That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in
Africa and Asia. 
Question 33: A. movement B. change C. alternation D. shift
Question 34: A. some B. each C. others D. any
Question 35: A. whom B. that C. which D. where
Question 36: A. Although B. However C. Because D. Therefore
Question 37: A. said B. suggested C. predicted D. recommended
Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D)
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to
use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are
more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. 
The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried.
Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of
mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are
worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad
for your health. 
On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use
mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning
equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He
couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk
on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family
doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree. 
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can
detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some
radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues,
it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long
time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient,
especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for
your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often. 
Question 38: The word “They” in line 2 refers to ______. 
A. means    B. countries C. cell phones                        D. young people
Question 39: Doctors have tentatively concluded that cell phones may __________ .
A. cause some mental malfunction B. damage their users’ emotions
C. change their users’ temperament D. change their users’ social behavior
Question 40:  The word "potentially" in the passage most closely means ______.
A. possibly               B. obviously                C. certainly                    D. privately
Question 41:  According to the writer, people should ____________ .
A. only use mobile phones in certain cases B. never use mobile phones in all cases
C. keep off mobile phones regularly D. only use mobile phones in medical emergencies
Question 42: : The most suitable title for the passage could be ______.
A. The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular  B. Technological Innovations and Their Price
C. The Way Mobile Phones Work D. Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time
---- The end ----