Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
Soil Compressibility & Settlement Analysis
www.huawei.com
St = Si + Sc + Ss
St = total settlement
Si = immediate settlement
Sc = consolidation settlement
Ss = secondary compression
Introduction
Contact Pressure
Elastic Compression for Cohesive Soils
Elastic Compression for Cohesionless
Soils
Fundamentals of Consolidation
Effect of Stress History
Parameters of Primary Consolidation
Calculation of Primary Consolidation
the water.
As water is incompressible and
valve still closed, no water is
out, no deformation of piston.
Pressure gauge read : Δu = Δp where
Δu is excess hydrostatic pressure.
𝚫𝑳 𝚫𝑯 𝑺 𝚫𝒆
𝜺𝒗 = 𝒐𝒓 = =
𝑳𝒐 𝑯𝒐 𝑯 𝟏 + 𝒆 𝒐
𝑺 = 𝚫𝒆 𝑯𝒐 = 𝜺𝒗𝑯𝒐
𝟏 + 𝒆𝒐
−𝚫𝒆 𝒆𝟏 − 𝒆𝟐 𝒆𝟏 − 𝒆𝟐
𝑪𝒄 = = =
𝚫 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒑 𝒐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒑 𝟐 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒑 𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒑 ′ 𝟐 Τ𝒑′ 𝟏
′ ′ ′
𝑯𝒐 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒑 ′ 𝟐
𝑺𝒄 = 𝑪𝒄
𝟏 + 𝒆𝒐 𝒑′ 𝟏
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
57
Consolidation Settlement cntd
EXERCISE - CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
Prior to placement of a fill covering a large area at a site,
the thickness of a compressible soil layer was 10m. Its
original in situ void ratio was 1.0. Some time after the fill
was constructed, measurements indicated that the
average void ratio was 0.8.
Estimate the settlement of the soil layer.
Introduction
Calculation of Secondary Consolidation
Hypotheses on Creep
Primary consolidation
is assumed to end at
the intersection of
the projection of the
two straight parts of
the curve.
Some Terms
Terzaghi & Froelich’s Theory of Consolidation
Rate of Consolidation Parameters
Magnitude of the
consolidating pressure • Influences the hydrostatic excess pressure,
acting on the layer which causes the out flow of water.
Boundary conditions
u = 0 at z = 0
u = 0 at z = 2H
At t = 0, u = uo = p
Basis
Apparatus
Procedures
Outputs
Interpretations
Relations with Field Consolidations
Empirical Relations for Consolidation
∆𝑧 ∆𝑧
𝑒 = 𝑒𝑜 − ∆𝑒 = 𝑒𝑜 − 1 + 𝑒𝑜 = 𝑒𝑜 1 −
𝐻𝑜 𝐻𝑜
2 )
𝑡𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 (𝐻𝑑𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
=
𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑏 (𝐻𝑑2 )𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝑟
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
133
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.