NURSING RESEARCH b.

If the supervi so
sor has appro ve
ved the stud d. the speci $c
$c data
reuested
Instruction: Choose the correct answer from the choices below. Erasure means
means
wrong 2. )hich statement about informed consent in nursing research
research is true%
a. 3nce participants have signed consent# the are e'pected to complete the
1. The major
major reason
reason for conducting
conducting resear
research
ch is to: stud
a. i mp
mpro ve
ve nursi ng
ng care for c lilients c . promo te
te th
the gr
grow th
th of
of th
the b. 4articipants are informed of the sampling method used.
nursing profession c. 4articipa
4articipants
nts receive a full e'planation
e'planation of the stud# validit testing
testing and
b. documen
documentt the cost-e
cost-eect
ective
ivenes ness
s of care
care d. ensure
ensure accoun
accountab
tabilit
ilit
 for hpotheses
nursing practice d. The consent form states the researchers names# addresses# and telephone
number
!. The plan
plan for how a stud
stud will be conducte
conducted
d is called:
called:
a. design b. data collection method c. hpothesis d. research 15. The three essential elements are informed consent are:
process a. accountabilit# bene$cence# and paternalism
b. con$dentialit# truthfulness# and advocac
". To obtain the desired data
data in a stud# which of the following tpes of de$nition c. $nancial ris+# rule of utilit# and protection of privac
is mot essential% d. information# comprehension# and freedom from coercion
a. theoretical b. conceptual c. dictionar d. operational
11. )hen writing a grant
grant proposal
proposal for a domestic violence prevention
prevention program#
program#
&. Collecting
Collecting data from
from a sample to determine
determine the character
characteristics
istics of a population
population the author addresses characteristics of the target population that are related
is the purpose of what tpe of research% to:
a. correlational b. e'perimental c. surve d. a. current health care need c. ri
ris+ fa
factors pr
prevalent am
among
historical its members
b. recent
recent utili6
utili6ati
ation
on of health
health care
care servi
services
ces d. speci$c
speci$c healt
health
h conditio
conditions
ns
(. )hich of the following
following methods is appropriat
appropriate
e for the presentation
presentation of research
research
$ndings 1!. 7urveing
7urveing clients +nowledge
+nowledge of resources#
resources# identifing
identifing resource
resource eligibilit
a. narrative presentations c. tabular presentations criteria# and comparing income levels with agenc fee structures are steps in
b. graphical presentations d. all of the above which part of the grant proposal processes%
a. 8udgeting b. Evaluation c. 9eeds assessment d.
d. program
*. )hat communicat
communication
ion medium is most li+el to reach
reach the largest percenta
percentage
ge of  design
nurses%
a. dissertation defense c. journal article 1". The diabetes
diabetes clinician designs a stud to e'amine
e'amine how a consistent
consistent and
b. conf
confer
eren
ence
ce oral
oral pres
presen
enta
tati
tion
on d. post
poster
er pres
presen
entatati
tion
on struct
structur
ured
ed educat
education
ional
al intera
interactio
ction
n betwee
between n diabet
diabetes
es educat
educators
ors and
hospitali6ed diabetes patients would aect the patients an'iet levels. Two
,.  communit
communit health
health nurse of a maternit
maternit
 clinic decides
decides to conduct
conduct a stud to groups of patients# ages "5 to 05 ears# are studied. The $rst group receives
determine the number of clients seen during the previous ear who became dail visits from the same educator. The second group receives one visit of 
anemic at some time during their pregnanc. The nurses research is cl assi$ed basic s+ills teaching.  standardi6ed an'iet scale is administered to both
as which tpe of stud% groups on admission and again after at least " das of hospitali6ation. ort
a. naltic b. Cohort c. /escriptive d. E'perimental patients admitted between 7eptember 1 and 7eptember "5 serve as subject
for the $rst group# and &5 admitted between 3ctober 1 and 3ctober "5 serve
0.  gradu
graduate
ate nursing
nursing student
student is collect
collecting
ing data
data for a resear
research
ch stud and as subjects for the second group. )hat are the independent and dependent
approaches the assigned nurse for permission to see a patients chart. The variables in this stud%
nurses $rst most appropriate steps is to determine: a. Independent variable: dail interaction; /ependent variable; patient an'iet
a. if informed consent has been obtained c. the purpose of the level
stud b. Independent variable: one visit of basic s+ills teaching; /ependent variable; dail
interaction
 c. Independent variable; patient an'iet level; dependent variable; dail
interaction 12.  basic characteristic of a research problem is that it is researchable# which
d. Independent variable; patient an'iet level; dependent variable; visit of  means that:
basic s+ills teaching a. It can be investigated through the collection and analsis of data
b. It can ma+e great topics for debate
1&. In the discussion section of a research article# the author states that the lac+ c. It deals with philosophical or ethical issues
of statistical signi$cance ma have been caused b the small sample si6e and d. It has no practical signi$cance
suggests the need for replication of the stud with a large sample. In
evaluating the authors statement# which statement is appropriate to !5. fter the research problem and purpose increase in clarit and conciseness#
consider% 9urse Carmencita has greater direction in determining the feasibilit of the
a. n e'act replication ma produce the same results stud which include:
b. If the stud was otherwise well designed# replication ma be advisable a. 1#!#" 1. Time and mone commitment
c. 7ample si6e is not related to statistical signi$cance# so the authors b. 1#!#& !. <esearchers e'pertise
suggestion is illogical c. 1#"#& ". vailabilit of subjectis# facilit and euipment
d. 7ample si6e is not important if the appropriate statistical techniues are d. 1#!#"#& &. 7tuds ethical considerations
applied.
!1. fter the problem has been carefull delineated and clearl stated# 9urse
1(. The primar consideration when evaluating a research sample is its: Carmencita is now read to conduct a literature review. The review of related
a. generali6abilit b. probabilit c. randomi6ation d. literature involves which of the following:
representativeness a. 7stematic identi$cation of literature sources
b. ?ocating documents
1*.7tatistical sources for population age distributions# and socioeconomic c. ll of the above
characteristics include:
a. c ensus data b. morbi dit data c . servic e uti li 6atio n data d. vi tal !!. The major purpose of reviewing the literature is to:
statistics a. amiliari6e oneself with dierent tpes of research studies
b. ind a similar stud and replicate
1,. The most eective wa to asses the health care needs of older persons in a c. amiliari6e oneseft with research formats used b dierent authors
communit is to: d. To determine what has alread been done that relates to our problem
a. Conduct personal interviews with local health care professionals and social
services sta. !". fter having acuainted herself with the librar# 9urse Carmencita should
b. <el on intuitive impressions obtained from wor+ing with older persons ma+e a list of +e words to guide her in the literature search. 4ossible +e
c. <eview demographic data from the most recent census words that she can use in the search would i nclude:
d. 7urve a random sample of adult children who do not reside in the a. 1#! 1. Commitment
communit b. 1#" !. 3rgani6ational commitment
c. 1#"#& ". 9urses
d. 1#!#"#& &. 9ursing crisis
=an nurses left the countr for better wor+ing conditions. >ospital and nursing
school administrators are uestioning the commitment of professional nurses to !&. 7he considers accessing electronic database for her literature search. )hich
their organi6ation. 9urse Carmencita was commissioned to co nduct research amid of the following is the most appropriate database for nurses%
this nursing crisis. a. E<IC b. 4schI93 c =E/?I9E d. CI9>?

10. )hich of the following will be the priorit action of 9urse Carmencita% !(. )hen reading a journal article she $rst started reading the brief summar of 
a. ormulate and delimit the research problem the article placed at the beginning of the journal report. This is referred to as
b. ormulate research hpothesis the:
c. /evelop a conceptual framewor+ of the stud a. Introduction b. bac+ground c. abstract
d. Conduct literature search on the topic
!*. 7he noted that the researcher himself who conducted the stud wrote the "&. 7ampling criteria ma be used b 9urse Carmencita to develop the desired
 journal article she is reading. This refers to the: sample. Characteristics that must be present for a subject to be included in
a. 8ibliograph b. 7econdar source c. 4rimar source the sample is called:
a. Inclusion criteria b. e'clusion criteria c. representativeness
!,. )hich of the following research design is most appropriate for this stud%
a. /escriptive b. >istorical c. Case 7tud d. "(. rom a sampling theor point of view# each individual in the population should
4henomenological have an eual and independent chance of being selected for the sample. This
is don through:
!0. 9urse Carmencita plans to collect data from nurses b using a uestionnaire. a. 4urposive sampling b. uota sampling c. random
4rior to administering the uestionnaire# she should $rst determine the degree sampling
to which the test consistentl measures what it measures. This is called.
a. @alidit b. normalit c. reliabilit d. "*. 9urse Carmencita develops a sampling frame that involves random selection
sensitivit of provinces in the dierent regions of the countr and randoml selecting
nurses in the selected provinces. This is an e'ample of which tpe of random
!2. 7he should also conduct a small-scale trial run of her research stud which is sampling%
referred to as: a. 7imple random sampling b. strati$ed random sampling c. cluster
a. <ehearsal b. sampling c. >awthorne studies d . pilot stud sampling

"5. 7he should also consider ethical considerations involved in all research studies ",.)hen data of nurses in the sample are categori6ed into gender and
that include: emploment status# what level of measurement is used%
a. 1#! 1. 7ubjects should not be harmed in an wa a. 9ominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale
b. 1#!#" !. Inform subjects concerning the nature of ris+ d. ratio-scale
involved
c. 1#!#& ". 7ubjects right to privac should be considered "0. The nurses level of education in this stud is classi$ed in which level of 
d. 1#!#"#& &. <espect for the dignit and welfare o f the measurement%
participant a. 9ominal-scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale
d. ratio-scale
"1.  uestionnaire was distributed b mail bearing an I/ number in one co rner.
<espondents are assured their responses will not be individuall divulged. This "2. )hen 9ruse Carmencita organi6es her data using freuenc distributions and
is called: computation of means# she is using which approach to data analsis%
a. informed consent b. anonmit c. con$dentialit a . / es cri pt iv e s tat is ti cs b . I nf ere nt ia l s tat is ti cs c. p ar am et ri c
statistics
"!. 7election of sample in this stud is an important step in doing research. 
good sample is: &5. 9urse Carmencita is now done with anal6ing the data. >er challenge is to
a. 3ne that includes both male and female nurses reach the $nal stage of the research process which is:
b. 3ne that shows a balance in the number of nurses from hospital and a. Conduct post-surve b. )rite the $nal draft c.
school communicate results
c. 3ne that is representative of the population from which it was selected
d. 3ne that can be manipulated and controlled &1. The following are possible was b which 9urse Carmencitas stud could be
shared to others for dissemination purposes# EACE4T:
"". The actual population of stud participants selected from a larger population a. 3ral presentation at conferencesBconventions
is +nown as: b. 4ublication in research journals
a. 4opulation b. Cluster c. Target population d. accessible c. iving poster presentation at conventions
population d. Deeping it in her personal journal
&!. The process of disseminating and using research-generated information to a. E'perimental b. surve c. ualitative d. uantitative
ma+e an impact on or change in the e'isting practices in nursing is called:
a . D no wl edge m an age me nt b. + no wl ed ge u ti li 6at io n c . re se arc h (5. In which of the following tpe of research does a researcher control the
critiue independent variable but has no wa of assigning subjects to treatment
conditions in a random manner%
&". 9urse Carmencita is interested in conducting another stud. 7he was as+ed b a. E'perimental c. e'plorator
her superior to submit a written plan identifing the major elements of the b. uasi-e'perimental d. Correlational
stud. This is referred to as:
a. 4roposition b. 4ilot 7tud c. research proposal d. Thesis (1. )hich of the following is T<FE in an e'perimental stud%
a. 7ubjects who are li+el to perform better are assigned under e'perimental
&&.  well written plan would include the following# EACE4T group
a. <esearch problem b. The control group is given the theor being tested
b. <eview of <elated ?iterature and TheoreticalBConceptual ramewor+ c. ssigning subjects to both the e'perimental and control groups are done
c. =ethods and 4rocedures randoml
d. <esearch indings d. Conditions aecting the subjects are not controlled to allow generali6ation
of $ndings
&(. The following should be included in the methods and procedure section of her
plan# which projects e'penses and facilitates completion of the project on iven the following e'amples of hpothesis# answer the follo wing uestions:
schedule. Cancer patients receiving preparator patient education G44EH intervention
a. 8udget b. timetable c. a and b d. b onl e'perience lower levels of an'iet that those who receive outline
information. G4oroch# 122(H

<esearch is the +e to +eep our +nowledge base and our practice in nursing (!. The statement above is an e'ample of which tpe of hpothesis%
current. It provides a solid foundation on which to base our practice. 8ecause of  a. 1#! 1. ssociative
this it is important that nurses directl or indirectl participate in research b. 1#" !. Causal
activities in order to add +nowledge in the profession. c. !#" ". 9ull
d. !#& &. 7imple
&*. )hich of the following is the $rst step in the conceptual phase of the research
process% (". In this hpothesis# the independent variable is:
a. ormulation and delimiting the problem c. developing a a. Cancer patients b. 44E intervention c. an'iet level
theoretical framewor+
b. <eview of <elated ?iterature d. ormulation of hpothesis (&. In causal relationships# the variable that is manipulated b the researcher is
the:
&,. )hich of the following characteristics do 93T describe scienti$c investigation% a. Independent variable b. dependent variable c. active
a. 4lanned and conducted in sstematic and orderl manner variable
b. 8ased on empirical data that have been subjected to repeated
investigation ((. The hpothesis that is used for statistical testing and interpreting statistical
c. Conducted to develop theories and stud advance +nowledge outcomes in research is referred to as:
d. 3bservations are made and veri$ed not necessaril on the basis of actual a. <esearc h hpothesi s b. null hpo thesi s c . directio nal hpothesi s
observation
(*. This tpe of variable e'ists in all studies an can aect measurement of stud
&0. )hich of the following isBare sourceBs of research problem% variables and the relationships among these variables.
a. ?iterature b. e'perience c. theor d. all a. Independent variables b. /ependent variable c.
e'traneous variable
&2. This research approach uses numerical data to obtain information about the
world: (,. In research# the variables that is the presumed cause is the:
 a. Independent variables b. /ependent variable c. b. /ependent variable must be manipulated b the e'perimenter
e'traneous variable c. 7ubjects must be randoml assigned to groups
d.  control group must be incorporated within the design
(0. Characteristics or attitudes of the subjects that are collected to describe the
sample li+e age# educational level# gender# income# etc are referred to as: *(.)hich of the following is an e'ample of manipulation of variables in
a. Environmental variables b. confounding variables c. e'perimental research:
demographic variables a. ssigning subjects in a random manner
b. iving the control group a standard treatment as basis for comparison
c. Creating more groups
Fnder < 21," 7ection !0e# one of the duties of a nurse is research. 8ecause d. 8 assigning subjects to varied conditions# giving intervention to one
nursing is a profession# nurses should contribute to the generation of nursing. group and withholding it from another group.
4rofessional nurses therefore should be euipped with +nowledge of the research
process and be able to appl it. **. In e'perimental studies# the researcher should control biases. The bias that
occurs when subjects +now that the are being involved in a stud is called:
(2. )hich of the following is the correct seuence of steps in doing uantitative a. >awthorne eect b. >awthorne studies c. >alo eect
research%
a. 1#!#"#&#( 1. ormulating research problem and purpose *,.  descriptive stud design that e'amines changes in the same subjects over
b. 1#&# (# !#" !. /evel opi ng plan for data co llecti on and anal si s an e'tended period of time is called:
c . 1#&# "# (#! ". o rmulati ng researc h uesti ons and hpothesi s a. Cross-sectional design b. ?ongitudinal design c.
d. 1#"#&#(#! &. <eview o f relevant l iterature an developing a  Trend design
framewor+
*0. )hich of the following studies that e'amine relationships between variables
*5. Common sources of research problems in nursing are: do not establish causalit%
a. 1#! 1. 9ursing practice a. E'perimental b. uasi-e'perimental c. Correlational
b. !#" !. 4atterns trends
c. 1#!#" ". 7omebod elses completed research *2. In e'perimental studies where two or more independent variables# with
d. 1#!#"#& &. <esearchers intellectual and scienti$c interests independent groups of subjects randoml assigned to various combination of 
levels of the two variables# the design is called
*1. <esearchers have been e'ploring alternative design strategies that might a. 4retest-posttest control group design c. actorial design
increase validit of studies. =ost recent interest is the combined use of two or b. 4osttest-onl design
more theories# methods# data sources# or methods of analsis in a stud. This
is referred to as: ,5. )hen an e'periment lac+s randomi6ation or comparison groups it becomes
a. <esearch Combo b. 7trati$cation c. Traingulation which of the following:
a. True e'perimental c. uasi-e'perimental
*!. The following are the characteristics of uantitative research EACE4T: b. 4seudo-e'perimental d. descriptive correlational
a. 3bjective c. Element of analsis number
b. /evelops theor d. basic is +nowing: cause-and-eect ,1.)hich of the following is not true about sample si6e determination in
relationship research%
a. The larger the sample# the more representative it is li+el to be
*". )hich of the following is not a ualitative research method% b. The more representative a sample is# the more generali6able the results
a. Correlational b. 4hemoenological c. Ethnographic would be.
c. ?arge samples can lead to erroneous results when not well selected
*&. In order for a stud to be considered a true e'periment# it must have three d. The more generali6able the sample is# the more representative will be the
essential characteristics. )hich of the following is 93T a characteristic of an results
e'perimental stud:
a. Independent variable must be manipulated b the e'perimenter
,!. In a population of !#555 nurses in the list of professional nurses in the region# 01. )hich of the following tpes of research ma+es use of past events to answer a
ou plan to have 05 as the desired sample si6e. Fsing sstematic sampling problem%
techniue# what will be our Dth factor% a. E'post-facto analsis c. Case stud
a. !5 b. 1( c. ( d. !& b. ield e'periment d. >istorical

,". )hat does this statement refer to% The level of educational attainment of the 0!. )hich of the following actions of a researcher ensures anonmit%
mothers is not correlated with their degree of compliance to the treatment a. 3btain informed consent
regimen. b. 4rovide eual treatment to all the subjects of the stud
a. ?imitation of the stud b. hpothesis c. assumptions c. <elease the $ndings of the stud to the subjects onl
d. Deep the identi$es of the subjects secret
,&.)hen a subject of a research verbali6es her intention to withdraw her
participation in the stud# which is considered an ethical action on the part of  0". fter the analsis of the data# which of the following steps will the researcher
the research% do ne't%
a. dvise him to put it in writing c. llow him to withdraw a. Interpret the data
antime b. )rite the conclusion and recommendation
b. <emind him of his dut as a participant d. Tell him his withdrawal has c. 3rgani6e the data using freuenc distributions
legal implications d. /isseminate the results of the stud

,(. )hich of the following is 93T one of those groups who are vulnerable to 0&. If variable A increases as variable  increase in a speci$ed population# this
coercion and deception due to inabilit to give informed consent in research% reJects which of the %
a. ChildrenBminors b. =entall impaired adults c. new <9 a. 4redic ts a po sitive rel atio nshi p c. 4redicts no rel atio nship
b. 4redicts a negative relationship
,*. If a researcher studies the eect of a scheduling assignment on nurses
morale# the scheduling assignment would be referred to as the: 0(. )hen a researcher would li+e to stud the lived e'periences of patients with
a. Independent variable b. dependent variable c. population prostate cancer con$ned in their homes# most li+el the tpe of research that
he will design is:
a. True e'perimental b. ethnographic c.
,,. )hat ethical principle is violated when a researcher do not consider freedom phenomenological
to participate or not participate in research
a. 4rinciple of respect for persons b. bene$cence c. 0*. The sampling techniue used in this +ind of stud would be
 justice a. Cluster sampling b. uota sampling c. purposive
sampling
,0. Cuasalit in research means:
a. There must be no correlation between variables 0,. The tpe of setting that is appropriate for this +ind of stud would be:
b. The cause ma not alwas be present whenever the eect occurs a. 9atural setting b. clinical setting c.
c. Things have causes and that causes lead to eects controlled setting

,2. =easures of Central Tendenc and variabilit are e'amples of  00. The outcome that the investigator is interested in understanding e'plaining#
a. /escriptive statistics b. inferential statistics c. @ital or predicting is described as:
statistics a. /ependent variable b. independent variable c. e'traneous
variable
05. E'tending the implications of the $ndings from the sample studies to a larger
population is called: 02. In a certain stud# the researcher was as+ed to consider the variable pain.
a. enerali6ation b. Conclusion c. ?imitation 4ain is classi$ed in what scale o f measurement%
a. 9ominal b. 3rdinal c. Interval d. <atio
25. )hat part of the research report contains the bac+ground of the problem% b. agree on condition that proper credit is given to the institution where it was
a. Introduction b. ?iterature <eview c. =ethodolog d. <esults conducted
K /iscussion c. refuse because of incongruence between stud purposes
d. refuse because the did not obtain the proper patient consent to share their
21. )hen a researcher gives a description of how variables or concepts in the $ndings
stud will be measured or manipulated in the stud she is actuall giving
which tpe of de$nition% 22. fter reading a research article that describes a tool for measuring parental
a. conceptual de$nition b. operational de$nition c. an'iet# a pediatric clinical nurse specialist uses the tool in a replication stud
personal de$nition on the unit. The repealed uses of the tool provide inconsistent and inaccurate
results. In critiuing the tool# the clinical specialist concludes that it is :
 The following are e'amples of sampling methods ta+en from studies. Identif a. not reliable and not li+el to be valid c. reliable but not valid
which tpes of sampling method the researcher used: b. reliable but not consistent d. valid but not reliable

2!. ive hundred nurses were randoml selected using table of random numbers 155.The subjects of a research project have been informed that onl summar
from a list of all registered nurse in the 4hilippines group data will be released. Two sta members reuest their patients test
a. simple random b. strati$ed random c. sstematic random results. The principal investigators response is to:
a. E'plain wh onl aggregate results can be shared
2". ender was used to stratif a sample of 155 randoml selected subjects. b. =eet with the sta members individuall to determine wh the need the
a. 7imple random b. strati$ed random c. sstematic random information
c. 7et up a meeting to discuss the stud
2&.  sample of (5 adolescents was obtained at a fast-food restaurant d. Tell the sta members that onl data projections are available on their
a. Convenience sampling b. purposive sampling c. cluster patients
sampling

2(. Identif the tpe of stud in the following research purpose: To e'amine the
health practices of Ibanag woman and the impact of these practices to their 33/ ?FCD 9/ 3/ 8?E77L
families. 9F<7I9 <E7E<C>
a. 4henomenological b. ethnographic c. historical Purpose of Nursing Research: nswer if its 8asic <esearch# pplied <esearch#
ualitative <esearch# uantitative <esearch# E'planator <esearch or E'plorator
2*. Identif the independent variable in the following e'ample of hpothesis. <esearch
3'gen inhalation b nasal cannula of up to * litersBminute does not aect  M E'plorator MMM1. To describe an e'isting problem situation and e'amine the
oral temperature measurement with an electronic thermometer. underling factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem
a. 3'gen inhalation b cannula c. Electronic thermometer a. 8asic <esearch
b. 3ral temperature measurement d. * liters per minutes b. pplied <esearch
c. ualitative <esearch
2,.  special tpe of observation where researchers immerse themselves in the d. uantitative <esearch
setting so the can e'perience the realit as the participants do is: e. E'planator <esearch
a. 9atural observation b. participant-as-observer c. observer-as- f. E'plorator <esearch
participant
 M E'planator MM!. To understand or e'plain a prevailing situation; to e'plain a
20. Two nurse practitioners are as+ed to combine their researcher $ndings with relationship between factors which ma have alread been identi$ed in
those of some colleagues who are studing the same group of patients. The e'plorator studies and wh the relationship e'ists
nurse practitioners response is to: a. 8asic <esearch
a. agree because combining the $ndings will ma+e for some statisticall b. pplied <esearch
relevant research c. ualitative <esearch
d. uantitative <esearch
 e. E'planator <esearch b. /issemination 4hase
f. E'plorator <esearch c. Implementation 4hase
d. /esign 4hase
 M ualitative MMM". Ta+es place in the $eld# gathers information# uses subjectivit# e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
uses inductive process# investigates phenomena# associated with 9aturalistic
inuir  M nalsis and Interpretation 4hase MM0. Evaluating the data
a. 8asic <esearch a. Conceptual 4hase
b. pplied <esearch b. /issemination 4hase
c. ualitative <esearch c. Implementation 4hase
d. uantitative <esearch d. /esign 4hase
e. E'planator <esearch e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
f. E'plorator <esearch
 M nalsis and Interpretation 4hase MM2. nal6ing the data
 M uantitative M&. Ta+es place both in natural as well as in contrived laborator a. Conceptual 4hase
setting# gathers empirical evidence# uses control# uses deductive reasoning; b. /issemination 4hase
investigates concepts# constructs# variables; associated with positivist theor c. Implementation 4hase
a. 8asic <esearch d. /esign 4hase
b. pplied <esearch e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
c. ualitative <esearch
d. uantitative <esearch  M /issemination 4hase MM15. Fsing research $ndings
e. E'planator <esearch a. Conceptual 4hase
f. E'plorator <esearch b. /issemination 4hase
c. Implementation 4hase
 M pplied MMMMMM(. or solving problems# focuses on factors which can be d. /esign 4hase
changed b intervention to achieve a desired goal# to $nd solutions to e'isting e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
problems
a. 8asic <esearch /issemination 4hase MM11. Communicating the $ndings Conceptual 4hase
b. pplied <esearch f. /issemination 4hase
c. ualitative <esearch g. Implementation 4hase
d. uantitative <esearch h. /esign 4hase
e. E'planator <esearch i. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
f. E'plorator <esearch
 M /esign 4hase MM1!. Conducting a pilot stud
 M 8asic MMMMMMMMM*. To e'tend the base +nowledge# formulation or re$nement of a. Conceptual 4hase
theor# for discover of general principles b. /issemination 4hase
a. 8asic <esearch c. Implementation 4hase
b. pplied <esearch d. /esign 4hase
c. ualitative <esearch e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
d. uantitative <esearch
e. E'planator <esearch  M Implementation 4hase MM1". /eveloping a budget and see+ing fund
f. E'plorator <esearch a. Conceptual 4hase
b. /issemination 4hase
Research Process: nswers will be Conceptual 4hase# /issemination 4hase# c. Implementation 4hase
Implementation 4hase# /esign 4hase# K nalsis and Interpretation 4hase d. /esign 4hase
 M Implementation 4hase MM,. Collecting and managing data e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
a. Conceptual 4hase
 M Conceptual 4hase MM1&. Ethical considerations Hypothesis: nswers the . with 9 ull hpothesis# /irectional hpothesis#
a. Conceptual 4hase lternative hpothesis# 9on /irectional hpothesis
b. /issemination 4hase  M 9ondirectional MM!1. merel states the presence or absence of a relationship
c. Implementation 4hase a. 9ull hpothesis
d. /esign 4hase b. /irectional hpothesis
e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase c. lternative hpothesis
d. 9on /irectional hpothesis
 M /esign 4hase MM1(. /etermining sampling plan
a. Conceptual 4hase
b. /issemination 4hase  M /irectional MM!!. NComatose patients placed on an air bed will have a lower
c. Implementation 4hase incidence of s+in brea+down than those who are not.O
d. /esign 4hase a. 9ull hpothesis
e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase b. /irectional hpothesis
c. lternative hpothesis
 M Conceptual 4hase MM1*. 7pecifing assumption and limitation d. 9on /irectional hpothesis
a. Conceptual 4hase
b. /issemination 4hase
c. Implementation 4hase  M 9ull MM!". NThere is no dierence in incidence of s+in brea+down between
d. /esign 4hase patients who are and who are not placed on air bed.O
e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase a. 9ull hpothesis
b. /irectional hpothesis
 M Conceptual 4hase MM1,. ormulating <esearch uestion c. lternative hpothesis
a. Conceptual 4hase d. 9on /irectional hpothesis
b. /issemination 4hase
c. Implementation 4hase
d. /esign 4hase  M lternative MM!&. NThere is a dierence in incidence of s+in brea+down between
e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase patients who are and who are not placed on air bed.O
a. 9ull hpothesis
Variables: nswers are Independent# Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH b. /irectional hpothesis
and dependent variables c. lternative hpothesis
 M dependent MM10. presumed eect Goutput or outcomeH d. 9on /irectional hpothesis
a. Independent
b. Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH
c. dependent variables

 M intervening MM12. clouds the internal and e'ternal validit of the stud

a. Independent
b. Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH
c. dependent variables
4?7. =TC>
 M independent MM!5. antecedent
a. Independent
b. Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH
c. dependent variables
 Criteria to assess the quality of a stuy b. 7trati$ed <andom 7ampling
 M > M!(. The e'tent to which results can be applied to other groups . <eliabilit c. Cluster GmultitstageH 7ampling
 M  M!*. /istorting or clouding inJuence that ma come from 8. @alidit d. 7stematic 7ampling
research participants# subjective inJuences of researcher# sample and C.
sampling techniue# fault data collection and design. 8iases are /ependabilit Nonprobability Sa!pling: nswers will be Convenience 7ampling# 7nowballing
controlled. /. 7ampling# uota 7ampling# 4urposive 7ampling
 M  IM!,. The e'tent to which $ndings can be transferred to other Con$rmabilit  M7nowballingMM"0. a+a 9etwor+ or Chain 7ampling
settings. E. Credibilit a. Convenience 7ampling
 M E M!0. Con$dence in truth and interpretations GbelievabilitH of the . b. 7nowballing 7ampling
data  Triangulation c. uota 7ampling
 M / M!2. 3bjectivit . 8ias d. 4urposive 7ampling
 M  M"5. Fse of multiple sources for conclusions >.
 M 8 M"1. The soundness of the evidence# measuring what it intends enerali6abilit M4urposive MM"2. a+a Qudgmental 7ampling
to measure I. a. Convenience 7ampling
 M  M"!. The accurac and consistenc of information obtained in the  Transferabilit b. 7nowballing 7ampling
stud c. uota 7ampling
 M C M"". Consistenc and stabilit of evidence over time and over d. 4urposive 7ampling
conditions
 MConvenience MM&5. a+a ccidental 7ampling
Probability Sa!pling:nswers are 7imple <andom 7ampling# 7trati$ed a. Convenience 7ampling
<andom 7ampling# Cluster GmultitstageH 7ampling# 7stematic 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling
 M7stematicMM"&. researcher selects Dth case from a list Gwhere# + P population c. uota 7ampling
divided b desired sample si6eH# where D is the sampling interval Gstandard d. 4urposive 7ampling
distance between the elementsH
a. 7imple <andom 7ampling  MuotaMM&1. researcher identi$es population strata GsubpopulationH and
b. 7trati$ed <andom 7ampling determines how man participants are needed from each stratum
c. Cluster GmultitstageH 7ampling a. Convenience 7ampling
d. 7stematic 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling
c. uota 7ampling
 M7imple <andomMM"(. researcher establishes sampling frame Glisting of d. 4urposive 7ampling
elementsH# then numbering all elements# then selecting sample elements
a. 7imple <andom 7ampling  M4urposiveMM&!. researcher decides to purposel select subjects who are judged
b. 7trati$ed <andom 7ampling to be tpical of the population or particularl +nowledgeable about the issues
c. Cluster GmultitstageH 7ampling under stud
d. 7stematic 7ampling a. Convenience 7ampling
b. 7nowballing 7ampling
 MCluster GmultistageHMM"*. researcher selects random samples successivel# from c. uota 7ampling
larger to smaller units b either simple or strati$ed random methods d. 4urposive 7ampling
a. 7imple <andom 7ampling
b. 7trati$ed <andom 7ampling  M7nowballingMM&". ever sample identi$es and refers other persons who meet the
c. Cluster GmultitstageH 7ampling inclusion GeligibilitH criteria
d. 7stematic 7ampling a. Convenience 7ampling
b. 7nowballing 7ampling
 M7trati$ed 7amplingMM",. researcher divides the population into homogenous c. uota 7ampling
subgroups from which elements are selected at random d. 4urposive 7ampling
a. 7imple <andom 7ampling
 MConvenienceMM&&. using most convenientl available people as participants c. for <espect for >uman /ignit
a. Convenience 7ampling
b. 7nowballing 7ampling "escripti#e Research Approach: ou ma answer G1H 7urve# G!H nalsis
c. uota 7ampling 7tud# G"H Causal Comparative# G&H <elationship 7tud# G(H 4rediction 7tud
d. 4urposive 7ampling G<elationship 7tud H(1. concerned with gaining a better understanding of 
comple' behavioral patterns and phenomena b studing the relationship
Collection of "ata: )rite GH for uestionnaire# G8H for Interview# GCH between variables that are hpothesi6ed to be related. This techniue is
3bservation G/H <ecords particularl useful for e'plorator studies in areas where little or no previous
<ecords &(. provides a readil available and valuable so urce of data research is available.
a. uestionnaire . 7 ur ve 
b. Interview 8. nalsis 7tud
c. 3bservation C. Causal Comparative
d. <ecords /. <elationship 7tud
E. 4rediction 7tud
3bservation &*. the most direct means of studing the subjects when the
researcher is interested in their behavior G<elationship 7tud H(!. NIn the stud of good clinical instructors# a +nowledge
a. uestionnaire between relationships between abilit to teach# intelligence# motivations# etc.# is
b. Interview necessar.O 7urve
c. 3bservation . nalsis 7tud
d. <ecords . Causal Comparative
>. <elationship 7tud
uestionnaire &,. the most common tpe of research instrument I. 4rediction 7tud
a. uestionnaire
b. Interview G4redic tion 7tud H(". usuall  c arried o ut in a reas where +nowledge
c. 3bservation has alread been established.
d. <ecords . 7 ur ve 
8. nalsis 7tud
Interview &0. the second most common method for data collection C. Causal Comparative
a. uestionnaire /. <elationship 7tud
b. Interview E. 4rediction 7tud
c. 3bservation
d. <ecords GCausal Comparative H(&. N7tuding the ualities of merit possessed b eective
and ineective Clinical Instructors reuires a +nowledge of antecedents that
developed these instructors.O
. 7 ur ve 
8. nalsis 7tud
Ethical Principles in Research: nswer G1H for 8ene$cence# G!H for Qustice and C. Causal Comparative
G"H for <espect for >uman /ignit /. <elationship 7tud
<espect for >uman /ignit &2. <ight of 7elf-/isclosure E. 4rediction 7tud
a. for 8ene$cence
b. for Qustice GCausal Comparative H((. N)hen comparing the cost of nursing education in the
c. for <espect for >uman /ignit provinces with that in =etro =anila# not onl are the actual e'penses of nursing
students ta+en into consideration but also the circumstances regarding the
8ene$cence (5. protection of participants from e'ploitation observed facts.O
a. for 8ene$cence . 7 ur ve 
b. for Qustice 8. nalsis 7tud
 C. Causal Comparative
/. <elationship 7tud A#antages of E$peri!ental "esign%Research an Non&e$peri!ental
E. 4rediction 7tud "esign%Research : )rite N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch.
)rite E if it i s an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
G7urve H(*. Nnthropometric 7tud of ilipino Children and
 outh.O G E H*1. It establishes causal relationships.
. 7u rv e a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
8. nalsis 7tud b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
C. Causal Comparative
/. <elationship 7tud G E H*!. It can ield a higher degree of purit on observation b providing a
E. 4rediction 7tud controlled environment.
a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
G7urve H(,. NIn an urban area in the 4hilippines# QC b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
investigated the attitude of a sample of public health nurses and a sample of 
public health nurses and a sample of social wor+ers toward practitioners in the G E H*". It is possible to create conditions within a short period that might ta+e
professions of public health nursing and social w or+.O ears to occur naturall.
. 7u rv e a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
8. nalsis 7tud b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
C. Causal Comparative
/. <elationship 7tud G E H*&. It is possible to create situations in an e'perimental setting that are not
E. 4rediction 7tud found otherwise
a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
Gnalsis 7tud H(0. N research project conducted b =ontes b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
attested to determine the adoption practices and procedures in ( selected welfare
agencies. The records of the agencies were carefull studied to establish the G E H*(. 4ressures and problems of real life situations are eliminated.
pattern followed b each adoption series.O a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
. 7u rv e b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
8. nalsis 7tud
C. Causal Comparative G 9 H**. is less e'pensive
/. <elationship 7tud a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
E. 4rediction 7tud b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.

G<elationship stud H(2. are e'plorator and partiall e'perimental in design G 9 H*,. It can be c ompleted in a short span of time
. 7u rv e a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
8. nalsis 7tud b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
C. Causal Comparative
/. <elationship 7tud G 9 H*0. It is easier to gain the cooperation of stud subjects. 7tud subjects are
E. 4rediction 7tud not subjected to unpleasant# unusual or even burdensome conditions.
a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
G7urve H*5. This is a tpe of descriptive stud in which data b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
are gathered from a relativel large number of cases at a particular time
. 7u rv e G 9 H*2. This is the method of choice where there is a considerable interval
8. nalsis 7tud between the application of the independent variable and the appearance of 
C. Causal Comparative response in the dependent variable.
/. <elationship 7tud a. N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch
E. 4rediction 7tud b. E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.
G 9 H,5. Translation of $ndings is more acceptable to consumers of research.

a' N if it i s an advantage of 9on-e'perimental <esearch

b' E if it is an advantage of E'perimental <esearch.