PAPER

ADVANCED READING SKILL

About :

DISCUSSION

Created By :

Group 11

1.Elida Hafni Batubara 2014050041

2.Indah Maharani Nasution 2014050048

Lecturer :

Dr. Arwemi, M.Pd

ENGLISH TADRIS DEPARTMENT(B)

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING

IMAM BONJOL PADANG STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

2022 M
 PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

With all the praise and thanks to God the Almightly. Who has given His love and
mercy so that a paper entitled “DISCUSSION TEXT” can I finish well.
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by
Mrs.Dr. Arwemi M.Pd. lecturer in English major.
In arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstruction but
with help of many individuals, those obstructions could passed. Writer also
realized there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.
Then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can help the writer in
perfecting the next paper. Last but not the least hopefully, this paper can helps
the readers to gain more knowledge about discussion text.
Thanks for your attention.
Wassalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

Medan, 23th May of 2022

Writing
 TABLE LIST OF CONTENT

PREFACE …............................................................................................ i
TABLE LIST OF CONTENT ...................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I : (INTRODUCTION) ............................................................... 1
1. Background...................................................................................... 1
2. Formulate of the problem ............................................................... 2
CHAPTER II : (THEORITICAL STUDY) ...........................................................2
1. Definition of Discussion Text........................................................................2
2. Social Functions of Discussion Text..............................................................2
3. Generic Structure of Discussion Text...........................................................3
4. Language Features of Discussion Text........................................................4

5. Example of the of Discussion Text ................................................. 5

CHAPTER III : CONCLUSIAN ....................................................................... 8
CHAPTER IV : CLOSING .............................................................................. 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Background
The discussion text, or written form also known as "discussion text" is one of
the various types of texts. That have been obtained from junior high schools,
and senior high schools. In this text, it is used to giving solve the problem of a
problem that has a difference of opinion. In addition, the discussion text is also
an effective method for solving problems with many views from others.
Communication between groups can consist of one basic knowledge or
knowledge which will ultimately give a good and correct sense of
understanding. Discussion can take the form of anything called a topic. It is
from this topic that discussion develops which will eventually produce an
understanding of the topic.
In the process of discussion, discussion texts are often called "minutes". The
discussion text is starting from the explanation from the speakers, questions
from the audience, and conclusions from the questions in the theme of the
discussion. Whereas the author of "minutes" is "notepad".
So, through this paper the writer hope can help the reader in the process of
understanding and concluding problems in several points of view.

2. Formulate of the Problem

1) What the definition of discussion text?
2) What the social functions of discussion text?
3) Mention generic structure of discussion text?
4) How the language features in the discussion text?
5) Give an example of discussion text?

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL STUDY

1. Definition of Discussion Text
Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points of view about
an issue. Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. Which
shows between the two positions of opinion that agree and disagree on an
issue, on the one hand, agree on the problem, on the other hand disagree.
These two differences of opinion are not only justifications, but also support
the reasons and evidence. The selection of support for a fact will be shown in
the conclusion section. A reasonable reason will be drawn at that conclusion.
Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.
2. Social Functions of Discussion Text

The communicative purpose and social function of the discussion text

itself is to present a problem or issue that is reviewed from at least two points
of view, before arriving at a conclusion or recommendation by presenting an
issue or information by describing the opinions of the experts in their field and
usually the opinions presented these are contradictory (pros and cons).

3. Generic Structure of Discussion Text

1) Statement of Issue
In this section usually at the beginning of the paragraph that contains the
problem or problem to be discussed / debated.
2) Supporting Points
In this section, the writer present opinions that support the (Pro) issue. In each
paragraph the Supporting Point consists of two components including the main
idea of the paragraph and the elaboration or description of the main idea of
the paragraph. Usually found in the second paragraph.
3) Contrasting Points
In this section, the writer presents opinions that oppose the issue or problem
(Counter). As in the Supporting Point paragraph, Contrasting Points also
present two forming components, namely the main idea of the paragraph and
the elaboration or description of the main idea of the paragraph. Usually found
in the third paragraph.
4) Recommendation
Recommendation often referred to as a conclusion of the problem seen from
the good and bad side of the writer and the surrounding environment. This
section is very commonly found at the end of paragraphs.

4. Language Feature of Discussion Text

The language of features used in the discussion text include:
1) Using general nouns (common nouns). For example, such as: alcohol,
abortion, smoking, cloning, and others.
2) Using relating verbs. For example like: is, are, were, was, and others.
3) Using thinking verbs (verbs for opinions). For example, such as: think, feel,
hope, believe, and others.
4) Using additive connective. For example, such as: in addition, furthermore,
besides, and others.
5) Using contrastive connective. For example, such as: although, even if,
nevertheless, and others.
6) Using causal connective. For example like: because, because of, and others.
7) Using modalities (capital). For example like: perhaps, must, can, should,
would, and others.
8) Using adverbal manner (adverbs of manner). For example like: hopefully,
deliberately, and others.
9) Using simple present tense

5. Example of Discussion Text & the Generic Structure

Examination be Held or Not?
National Examination of any year to be a frightening specter for all people, not
just student, but parents, brothers, family. Although fact is not something that
should be feared, but should be the concern of any clutter maintenance
national examination year. Did not the first time Indonesia implement national
examination, but only upon the chaos of any year. Whether it's a technical
issue or related pros and cons of national examination. When the government
arrested the strong need for the establishment of the exam, there are actually
a lot of things that should be assessed as to whether national examination
should exist or not.
For people who agree, national examination is necessary for students as a
requirement to graduate from a school. People who support the national
examination explain that the quality of the Indonesia education will drop
without national examination, so they try to defend the current system. They
also think that national examination can motivate students to study harder.

However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who
against this national examination kept in school education say that it doesn't
need the national examination because the quality of education does not just
depend on the national examination. Further, the national examination only
measure a small portion of students' competence in specific subjects, and does
not measure students' competence throughout the semester. There is also
opinion that the national examination will make the students depressed and
stress. Moreover the quality of education in Indonesia is causing uneven result
national examination inequality between urban areas with advanced education
than rural areas with limited education facilities. On the other hand society is
too focused on national examination, if a child gets bad grades when national
examination does not pass, then the students would be abused and would
deprive the students' confidence. In addition to the events that occur every
year when it will be implemented nationwide exam is still chaotic distribution
of matter and not timely.
In conclusion, national examination can still be useful as an instrument of
evaluate or detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several
subjects, on a national scale. However, is not fair if only national examination
score that judge whether students pass or not. Government should make a
regulation that national examination is not the only requirement for students
to graduate. There should be other requirements added such as students' daily
score, behavior, and achievement.
The generic structure :
Statement of
National Examination of any year to be a
Issue
frightening specter for all people, not just
student, but parents, brothers, family.
Although fact is not something that should be
feared, but should be the concern of any
clutter maintenance national examination year.
Did not the first time Indonesia implement
national examination, but only upon the chaos
of any year. Whether it's a technical issue or
related pros and cons of national examination.
When the government arrested the strong
need for the establishment of the exam, there
are actually a lot of things that should be
assessed as to whether national examination
should exist or not.

Supporting Points · National examination is necessary for

students as a requirement to graduate from a
Or
school.
Arguments Pros
· National examination explain that the
quality of the Indonesia education will drop
without national examination.
· National examination can motivate
students to study harder.

Contrasting Points · The quality of education does not just

depend on the national examination.
Or
· National examination only measure a
Arguments Cons
small portion of students' competence in
specific subjects.
· National examination will make the
students depressed and stress.
 · If the students does not pass then it
would be abused by the local communities and
will eliminate the students' confidence.

Recommendation In conclusion, national examination can still be

useful as an instrument of evaluate or detect
Or
the level of students' cognitive competence in
Conclusion several subjects, on a national scale. However,
is not fair if only national examination score
that judge whether students pass or not.
Government should make a regulation that
national examination is not the only
requirement for students to graduate. There
should be other requirements added such as
students' daily score, behavior, and
achievement.

Chapter 11 Interprenting : understanding the writer's message

CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS

The connotative meaning is the figurative meaning or not the actual word and
is related to the value of taste. The connotative meaning is influenced by the
values and norms held by a particular society, which also makes a difference in
the social function of words with almost the same meaning. This example
shows that words have to levels of meaning a literal meaning and an additional
shade of meaning. These two levels of meaning are called denotative and
connotative. A word's denotative meaning is the meaning stated in the
dictionary its literal meaning. A word's connotative meaning is the additional
implied meanings, or shadings. That a word may take on. Often the
connotative meaning carries either a positive or negative, favorable or
unfavorable impression. The word mob and crowd have a negative
connotation because they imply a disorderly. Disorganized groups. When
reading any type of informative or persuasive materials, pay attention to the
writer's choice of words. Often a writer may communicate subtle or hidden
messages, or he or she may encourage the reader to feel positively or
negatively toward the subject.

IMPLIED MEANINGS

An inference is an educated guess or prediction about something unknown

based on available facts and information. It is the logical connection that you
draw between what you observe or know and what you do not know. Suppose
that you arrive ten minutes later for you sociology class. All the students have
papers in front of them, and everyone is business writing. Some students have
worried or concerned looks on their faces. The instructor is stated and is
reading a book. What's happening? From the known information you can
make an inference about what do you do not know.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

You know that a cake cannot really have the same taste a sponge, that plants
do not actually request water, and that a person’s heart cannot really be
attached to her or his sleeve. However, you know what message the writer is
communicating in each sentence. The cake was soggy and tasteless, the plants
were extremely dry, and Jean revealed her feelings to everyone around her.

Each of these sentences is an example of figurative language. Figurative

language is away of describing something that makes sense on an imaginative
level but the above expressions is literally True, each is a meaningful.

SUMMARY
This chapter was concerned with the critical reading skills of inference and
interpretation. Three features of writing were discussed through which writer
suggests, but do not directly state, their ideas.figurative language. Connotative
meanings refer to the shades of meaning a word may have in addition to its
denotative (dictionary) meaning. Connotative meanings often convey either a
positive of negative, favorable or unfavorable impression.

Implied meanings are ideas that are suggested but not directly stated. They
are ideas that are left to the reader to inference, based on the facts and
information provided by the writer.

Figurative language is a way of describing things that makes sense on

imaginative level but not on a factual or literal level.

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION

Discussion text is argumentative writing, uses logical thinking, and uses
effective language.
In preparing the discussion text, the procedures for preparing the
correct text structure are as follows:
1. Statement of Issue.
2. Supporting Points.
3. Contrasting Points.
4. Recommendation.

The language of features used in the discussion text include:

1. Using general nouns (common nouns).
2. Using relating verbs.
3. Using thinking verbs (verbs for opinions).
4. Using additive connective.
5. Using contrastive connective.
6. Using causal connective.
7. Using modalities (capital).
8. Using adverbal manner (adverbs of manner).
9. Using simple present tense

CHAPTER IV CLOSING
Thus the paper that we can explain about the "discussion text" may be
useful for readers in general and for us in particular. In writing this paper,
certainly not free from deficiencies. For this reason, constructive suggestions
and criticisms are needed to improve further papers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Eighth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA-2019),
220-223, 2020
Academic Journal Perspective: Discussion text. 6 (2), 138-143, 2017

J-SHMIC: Journal of English for Academic 7 (2), 10-20, 2020

· http://aanniezaraa.blogspot.com/2013/01/makalah-discussiontext.html?
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https://www.quipper.com/id/blog/mapel/bahasa-inggris/pengertiandiscussion-
text-dengan-contohnya/
· http://www.englishiana.com/search/label/Conversation
· https://www.academia.edu/
· http://bse.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/buku/
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contoh-discussion-text-dalam-bahasa-inggris.html/
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· https://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/discussion-text-pengertian-
tujuanciri-generic-structure-dan-contohnya/