Design Report Input Data

DESIGN OF RCC DECK SLAB

Deck is designed as a continuous slab of one metre width supported over longitudinal girders.

Dimesnions of Deck Slab

Slab Thcikness = 225 mm
Total Width of Slab = 10.25 m

CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD & SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD

1. Deck slab

2
Self weight of slab = 5.625 kN/m

2. Wearing coat 65 thick + additional load

Load =2 kN/m 2 with start and end offset of 0.5m

3. Crash barrier

load =10.0kN with an offset of 0.25m

4. Railing
Node 1
load = 3 kN
4. FPLL
Member 1
load = 5 kN/m

5. FOOTPATH
Member 1
load = 6.6 kN/m

IDEALIZATION OF DECK SLAB

1.2775 2.565 2.565 2.565 1.2775

Design Report Load Factors

Load Factors (As per IRC:6-2017)

Table 3.2 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Structural Strength: Ultimate Limit State
-Refer Table 3.2 of IRC:6-2014
Basic
Loads
Combination

Dead Load+SIDL except wearing course 1.350

Wearing Course only 1.750

CWLL and Associate load and FPLL( Service ) 1.500

Table 3.3 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Servicibilty Limit State
-Refer Table 3.3 of IRC:6-2017
Quasi-
Rare Frequent
Loads Permanent
Combination Combination
Combination
Dead Load+SIDL excluding surfacing 1.000 1.00 1.00
Surfacing 1.200 1.20 1.20
Shrinkage Creep Effect 1.000 1.00 1.00
CWLL and Associate load and FPLL 1.000 0.75 0.00
Design Report load intensity

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WIDTH AND LOAD INTENSITY

FOR CRITICAL LOAD POSITIONS

1.278 2.57 2.57 2.57 1.278

As per IRC: 21, clause 305.16.2

bef = a.a (1-a/lo) + b1 ( for solid slab spanning in one direction )
= 1.2 a+ b1 ( for solid slab cantilever )
bef = effective width of slab
lo = effective span = 2.57 m
a = distance of c.g. of conc. load from nearer support
b1 = breadth of concentration area of the load i.e. the dimension
of tyre over road surface in the direction at right angle to span
plus twice the thickness of wearing coat
a = a constant having the values depending upon ratio b/lo
= 2.6

Thickness of wearing coat = 65 mm

Thickness of deck slab = 225 mm
Effective depth of deck slab = 179 mm
Contact width perpendicular to span = 250 mm
Contact width parallel to span = 500 mm
Distance between two loads perpendicular to span = 1.2 m
Concentrated load = 57 kN
b1 = 0.25 + 0.065 x 2 = 0.38 m
Loading 1 One lane Cl A (Cantilever Moment)

1.278 2.57 2.565 2.565

Length of dispersion along the span =

0.5 + 2 x( 0.065 + 0.179 ) = 0.988 m
Load Nos. Load (kN) a (m) bef (m) bef1 (m) Load (kN/m 2)
1 57 0.378 0.833 0.833 69.3
2 57 1.423 2.027 1.614 35.8
bef1 = (bef+1.2)/2, if bef >1.2
Design Report load intensity

0.378 1.423 2.57 2.57

1.278

CLASS 70R LOADING

Max. load on a wheel = 200 = 50 kN
4
2
Max. tyre pressure = 5.273 kg/cm
Contact width parallel to span = 410 mm
2
Contact area = 5000 = 948 cm
5.273
2
= 94823 mm
Contact width perpendicular to span = 94823 = 231 mm
410
Distance between two loads perpendicular to span = 1.22 m
b1 = 0.231 + 0.065 x 2 = 0.361 m
Loading 1 M type (for maximum sagging moment)
Length of dispersion along the span = 0.990 m
Load Nos. Load (kN) a (m) bef (m) bef1 (m) Load (kN/m 2)
1 50 0.092 0.593 0.593 85.2
2 50 0.725 1.713 1.467 34.4
3 50 0.725 1.713 1.467 34.4
4 50 0.093 0.593 0.593 85.2
bef1 = (bef+1.22)/2, if bef >1.22

3.94

0.795 0.790 0.795

1.278 2.57 2.57 2.57 1.278
0.092

Loading 2 M type (Inner Support Hogging Moment)

Length of dispersion along the span = 0.990 m
Load Nos. Load (kN) a (m) bef (m) bef1 (m) Load (kN/m 2)
1 50 1.028 1.963 1.591 31.7
2 50 0.233 0.911 0.911 55.4
3 50 0.233 0.911 0.911 55.4
4 50 1.028 1.963 1.591 31.7
Design Report load intensity

bef1 = (bef+1.22)/2, if bef >1.22

2.65

0.795 0.790 0.795

1.278 2.57 2.57 2.57 1.278
Design Report Design Parameters

Material Specification

Concrete Grade = M 45
Characteristic Compressive = 45.00 Mpa at 28 days

Design Compressive strength of

Concrete, fcd = 20.10 Mpa at 28 days (0.67/1.5 * fck) - Refer Fig 6.5 of IRC : 112-2011

Tensile strength of concrete , fctm = 3.28 MPa

Strain at reaching Characteistic
Strength, ec2 = 0.02
Ultimate Strain, ecu2 = 0.035

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (

Ec ) = 3.35E+04 N/mm2 ( 5000 x sqrt ( fck )
Ecm = 3.43E+04 N/mm2
Steel Grade = Fe 500 D (HYSD Steel)

Yield Strength of Reinforcement,

fy or fyk = 500 Mpa
Design Yield Strength of
Reinforcement, fyd = 434.78 Mpa (1/1.15 * fy)

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel ( Es) = 2.00E+05 Mpa

Dry weight of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Dry unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m3

Permissible Crack Width = 0.3 mm - For Severe Exposure Condition

Maximum compressive stress in

= 0.48 fck ( Refer Clause 12.2.1 of IRC:112-2011)
concrete under rare combination

= 21.6 N/mm2
Maximum tensile stress in steel
under rare combination
= 300 N/mm2
Design Report Design of Slab

0.75 0.833 0.5 0.667 0.75

Staad Results: 1 2 3 1 2
Shear Forces at deff
Moment (kNm/m) from Support Face
(kN/m)
Cantilever Intermediate Intermediate Cantilever Intermediate
Load Cases
Portion Support Span Portion Support
DL+SIDL excluding Wearing Coat 17.365 4.361 3.685 17.186 9.200
Wearing Coat 1.121 1.120 1.210 2.800 2.633
Class A 26.317 1.953 4.100 60.395 1.373
Class 70R Wheel 0.000 30.000 24.000 0.000 89.300

Impact Factor for Cantilever

= 1.5 For Span < 3 m (Fig 5 of IRC: 6-2014)
Span
Impact Factor for Continuous
= 1.25 For Span < 9 m (Clause 208.3 of IRC: 6-2014)
Span
Note: No impact factor shall be applied on SV loading
Factored Forces For Design of Deck Slab

Moment (kNm/m) Shear Forces at deff from

Support Face (kN/m)
Load Cantilever Intermediate InterMeedi Cantilever Intermediat
Load Cases
Factor Portion Support ate Span Portion e Support
DL+SIDL excluding Wearing
1.350 23.443 5.887 4.975 23.201 12.420
Coat
Wearing Coat 1.750 1.962 1.960 2.118 4.900 4.608
Class A 1.500 49.344 4.394 9.225 135.889 2.574
Class 70R Wheel 1.500 0.000 56.250 45.000 0.000 167.438

Total = 74.749 64.097 52.092 163.990 184.465

Support Reinforcement Calculation:

Thickness of slab = 225 mm at Interior span
Thickness of slab = 225 mm (at cantilever)
Clear Cover to outer steeel = 40 mm
Maximum Diameter of Reinformcement = 12 mm
Effective Depth Provided ( deff) = 179 mm
Design bending moment = 74.75 kNm/m

Mulim = 0.167 x fck x b x d^2 = 74.75 kNm/m (Equation derived based on IRC:112-2011)

Effective Depth of Cap = SQRT( 74.75 x 1000000

)
Required (dreq) 0.167 x 45.00 x 1000

Effective Depth of Cap Required (dreq) = 99.733 mm

Total Depth Required ( Dreq) = 145.73 mm
Total Depth Provided (Dprov) = 225.00 mm OK

R= MRD/(b d^2) = 2.33

Design Moment of Resistance MRD = 0.87fyAst * (d-(lxu/2))

74.75 = 0.87fyAst * (d-(lxu/2))

h = 1
2
fcd = 20.07 N/mm
Design Report Design of Slab

fy = 500 N/mm2
l = 0.8

MRD = 0.87fyAst * (d-(0.87*fy*Ast/(b*n*fcd*2))

2
Area of Steel Required, Ast red = 756.5785 mm /m

2
Astreq = 756.5785 mm /m

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement :

As. Min = 0.26 x fctm x b.d - Refer Eq. 16.5.1.1 & 16.6.1.1 of IRC: 112-2011
fyk
Whichever is higher OR = 0.0015 x b.d -Refer Clause 16.9 of IRC:112-2011'
b = 1000.00 mm
d = 179.00 mm
2
Ast min = 305.00 mm /m
2
Governing Reinf. Ast = 756.58 mm /m
Provide 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c

2 2
Area provided= 1130.97 mm /m > 756.58 mm /m OK
Percentage of Steel (pt%) = 0.63 %

Maximum Spacing of Bars : as per Clause 16.6.1.1 of IRC:112-2011

Smax = 2h = 358.00
OR = 250.00 mm whichever is max

Provided Spacing is less than Smax, Hence OK

Moment of Resistance of Section corresponding to Provided Ast

MRD = 0.87fyAst * (d-(0.87*fy*Ast/(b*n*fcd*2))
= 82.03 kNm > 74.75 kNm
SAFE

Distribution reinforcement:
Effective Depth in Long. Direction = 167 mm
As per Clause 16.6.1.1. of IRC:112-2011 , Secondary Reinforcement shall be at least 20 % of the main reinforcement

2
20.00 x 1130.97 = 226.1947 mm /m
100.00

Provide 12 dia bar 200 mm c/c at Trans direction in top face. (Providing = 565.487 mm^2 )

Span Reinforcement Calculation:

Clear Cover to outer steeel = 40 mm

Maximum Diameter of Reinforcement = 12 mm
Effective Depth Provided ( deff) = 179 mm
Design bending moment = 52.09 kNm/m
Mult = 0.167 x fck x b x d^2 = 52.09 kNm/m
Effective Depth of Cap = SQRT( 52.09 x 1000000
)
Required (dreq) 0.167 x 45.00 x 1000
Effective Depth of Cap Required (dreq) = 83.2573 mm
Total Depth Required ( Dreq) = 129.26 mm
Total Depth Provided (Dprov) = 225.00 mm OK
R= Mu/(b d^2) = 1.63

Ast Required:
Design Report Design of Slab

MRD = 0.87fyAst * (d-(0.87*fy*Ast/(b*n*fcd*2))

2
Area of Steel Required, Ast red = 953.289 mm /m

2
Astreq = 953.289 mm /m

Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement :

As. Min = 0.26 x fctm x b.d - Refer Eq. 16.5.1.1 & 16.6.1.1 of IRC: 112-2011
fyk
Whichever is higher OR = 0.0015 x b . d -Refer Clause 16.9 of IRC:112-2011'

b = 1000.00 mm

d = 179.00 mm

2
Ast min = 305.00 mm /m

2
Governing Reinf. Ast = 953.29 mm /m

Provide 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

2 2
Area provided= 1130.97 mm /m > 953.29 mm /m OK
Percentage of Steel (pt%) = 0.63 %

Maximum Spacing of Bars : as per Clause 16.6.1.1 of IRC:112-2011

Smax = 2h = 358.00
OR = 250.00 mm whichever is max

Provided Spacing is less than Smax, Hence OK

Moment of Resistance of Section corresponding to Provided Ast

MRD = 0.87fyAst * (d-(0.87*fy*Ast/(b*n*fcd*2))
= 82.03 kNm > 52.09 kNm
SAFE
Distribution reinforcement:
Effective Depth in Long. Direction = 167 mm
As per Clause 16.6.1.1. of IRC:112-2011 , Secondary Reinforcement shall be at least 20 % of the main reinforcement

2
20.00 x 1130.97 = 226.1946711 mm /m
100.00

Provide 12 dia bar mm c/c at Trans

200 direction in top face. (Providing = 565.487 mm^2 )

Check For Shear

Design Shear Strength of Concrete,(tc) without Shear Reinforcement:

As per Clause 10.3.2 of IRC:112-2011,

Design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement is given by:


VRd,c  0.12 K 801 f ck 
0.33

 0.15s cp bw d eq.1

Subjected to minimum of V Rd ,c  V min  0.15 s cp  b w d eq.2

where,
K= 1 + SQRT(200/d) ≤ 2.0 , where d is depth in mm
K= 2.00
3/2 1/2 2
vmin= 0.031 K fck , fck = 45.00 N/mm
2
Hence vmin= 0.5882 N/mm
scp = Concrete compressive stress in concrete at centroidal axis in the direction of axial load or prestressing
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2 fcd where , fcd = 0.67 fck/1.5
2
scp = 0.00 N/mm
Hence,
tc = VRd,c/(bw.d) = Vmin + 0.15 scp = 0.5882 N/mm2 From eq.1
Design Report Design of Slab

1 = Steel Ratio = Asl/(bw . d) ≤ 0.02

Hence 1 = 0.0063
tc = VRd,c/(bw.d) = 0.6800 N/mm
2
From eq.2

Max of eq.1 & eq.2

tc = VRd,c/(bw .d) = 0.6800 N/mm
2 Corresponds to steel ratio = 0.632% & M45
Grade of Concrete
Shear stress( vEd) = Ved/(bw*z) , where z = 0.9 deff

vEd = 163989.850 = 0.916 N/mm2 >

1000 x 179.00 0.680 MPa

As vEd is greater than Tc Hence Shear Reinforcement is need to be provided.

Design Report Rare Case-SLS

Stress Check of Deck Slab

Design Forces in Rare Combination Moments (kNm/m)

Load Cantilever Intermediate InterMeediate
Load Cases
Factors Portion Support Span
DL+SIDL excluding Wearing Coat 1 17.365 4.361 3.685
Wearing Coat 1.2 1.121 1.12 1.21
Class A 1 39.4755 2.9295 6.15
Class 70R Wheel 1 0 37.5 30
0 1 0 0 0
42.98 34.90

Maximum Support moment (Mxx) = 42.981 kNm/m

Maximum compressive stress in concrete under rare combination 2
= 21.6 N/mm
2
Maximum tensile stress in steel under rare combination = 300 N/mm

Section Properties of Uncracked Section:

y

Dx
Dy
x x

y
width of section (Dx) = 1000.00 mm
Depth of Section (Dy) = 225.00 mm
2
Gross Cross sectional area (Ag) = 225000 mm

4
Gross Moment of Inertia Igxx = 9.49E+08 mm
4
Gross Moment of Inertia Igyy = 1.88E+10 mm

Calculation of Modular Ratio:

Perimeter of section (u) = 2450 mm
2 Ac/u = 183.673 mm
For Dry atmosperic condition
Creep coeff. = 1.48
Eceff = Ecm = 1.38E+04
(1 + ø )

Modular Ratio (m) = Ec/ Eceff = 14.44

Details of Reinforcements:
at Support 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c
2
Total Ast provided = 1130.97 mm /m
pt = Ast/(b*D) = 0.0063
effective cover = 46 mm
C.g. Of Tension steel from N.A. (y) = 66.50 mm
2
Area of concrete, Ac = ( Ag- Ast) = 223869.03 mm
2
Transformed Area of Section AstT Ac + m Ast = 240201.2944 mm
Transformed M.O.I (Ixx) Igxx+(m-1).Ast . y^2 = 9.49E+08 + 67223924.3
4
= 1.02E+09 mm
Section modulus (Zxx) = Ixx /( Dy/2)
3
= 9035045.994 mm
2
Bending stress ( M/ Zxx ) = 4.757 N/mm
2
Tensile strength of concrete , fctm = 3.28 N/mm Cracked

Sectional Properties of Cracked Section:

Stresses under Service load are usually within Linear Elastic Range hence such analysis involved use of Modulus ratio.

Effective Depth deff (dy) = 179.00 mm

Depth of neutral axis ( yb) = k * dy
where , k - = sqrt{ 2 pt *m + (pt*m)^2 } - pt* m
Design Report Rare Case-SLS

Depth of Neutral axis from Extreme compression face(yb) = 61.8579 mm

Depth of Neutral axis from Extreme Tension face(yt) = 163.1421 mm
Depth of Neutral axis from c.g. Of tesion steel (ys) = 117.1421 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia ( Ixxcr) = Dx *(k * dy)^3/3 + m Ast * (dy - k * dy)^2

4
= 3.0301E+08 mm

2
Maximum compressive stress in concrete= Mxx/Ixxcr * yb = 8.77 N/mm < 21.6
SAFE
2
Maximum Tensile stress in concrete= Mxx/Ixxcr * yt = 23.14 N/mm > 3.28

2
Maximum Tensile stress in steel= m * Mxx/Ixxcr * ys = 239.95 N/mm < 300
SAFE
Design Report Crack Check-SLS

Crack Width Calculation of Deck Slab

Design Forces in Quasi-Permanent Combination Moments (kNm/m)

Load Cantilever Intermediate InterMeediate

Load Cases
Factors Portion Support Span
DL+SIDL excluding Wearing Coat 1 17.365 4.361 3.685
Wearing Coat 1.20 1.121 1.12 1.21
Class A 0 0 0 0
Class 70R Wheel 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
5.48 4.90

Maximum Support moment (Mxx) = 5.481 kNm/m

Section Properties of Uncracked Section:

y

Dx
Dy
x x

y
width of section (Dx) = 1000.00 mm
Depth of Section (Dy) = 225.00 mm
2
Gross Cross sectional area (Ag) = 225000 mm

4
Gross Moment of Inertia Igxx = 9.49E+08 mm
4
Gross Moment of Inertia Igyy = 1.88E+10 mm

Calculation of Modular Ratio:

Perimeter of section (u) = 2450 mm
2 Ac/u = 183.673 mm
For Dry atmosperic condition
Creep coeff. = 1.48
Eceff = Ecm = 1.38E+04
(1 + ø )

Modular Ratio (m) = Ec/ Eceff = 14.44

Details of Reinforcements:
at Support 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
0 mm dia @ 125 mm c/c
2
Total Ast provided = 1130.97 mm /m
pt = Ast/(b*D) = 0.0063
effective cover = 46 mm
C.g. Of Tension steel from N.A. (y) = 66.50 mm
2
Area of concrete, Ac = ( Ag- Ast) = 223869.03 mm
2
Transformed Area of Section AstT Ac + m Ast = 240201.2944 mm
Transformed M.O.I (Ixx) Igxx+(m-1).Ast . y^2 = 9.49E+08 + 67223924.3
4
= 1.02E+09 mm
Section modulus (Zxx) = Ixx /( Dy/2)
3
= 9035045.994 mm
2
Bending stress ( M/ Zxx ) = 0.607 N/mm
2
Tensile strength of concrete , fctm = 3.28 N/mm Uncracked

No need to check for Crack width as the section is cracked

Sectional Properties of Cracked Section:
Stresses under Service load are usually within Linear Elastic Range hence such analysis involved use of Modulus ratio.

Effective Depth deff (dy) = 179.00 mm

Depth of neutral axis ( yb) = k * dy
where , k - = sqrt{ 2 pt *m + (pt*m)^2 } - pt* m
= 0.3456
Design Report Crack Check-SLS

Depth of Neutral axis from Extreme compression face(yb) = 61.8579 mm

Depth of Neutral axis from Extreme Tension face(yt) = 163.1421 mm
Depth of Neutral axis from c.g. Of tesion steel (ys) = 117.1421 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia ( Ixxcr) = Dx *(k * dy)^3/3 + m Ast * (dy - k * dy)^2

4
= 3.0301E+08 mm

2
Maximum compressive stress in concrete= Mxx/Ixxcr * yb = 1.12 N/mm < 21.6
SAFE
2
Maximum Tensile stress in concrete= Mxx/Ixxcr * yt = 2.95 N/mm < 3.28

2
Maximum Tensile stress in steel= m * Mxx/Ixxcr * ys = 30.60 N/mm < 300
SAFE

Crack Width Check in Deck Slab

Depth = 225.00 mm
Maximum Dia of Tension Reinf. = 12.00 mm
Effective width , deff = 179.00 mm
2
Area of Steel on Tension, Ast = 1130.97 mm / m

Check for crack width : Refer Clause 12.3.4 of IRC:112-2011

Wk = Sr max (εsm - εcm)

Where, Sr max = maximum crack spacing

εsm = mean strain in the reinforcement
εcm = mean strain in concrete between cracks

Below Formula For Calculation of Sr max is applicable if the spacing

= 230.00 mm
between the reinf. is less or equal to 5*(c+φ/2)
Provided Spacing of Reinf. On tension face = 100.00 mm Hence OK

Sr max = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 φ

r r eff

Clear Cover , c = 40 mm
Diameter of Main Bar , φ = 12 mm
Coefficient , k1 = 0.8 for Deformed bars
Coefficient , k2 = 0.5 for Bending
Depth of Neutral axis = 61.86 mm

r r eff = As/Ac eff , where Ac,eff =effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinf.

hc eff = Min of 2.5 (Dy - dy ) ,Dy - yb/3 , Dy/2 = 112.50 mm

2
Ac, eff = Dx * hc,eff = 1000.00 x 112.50 = 1.13E+05 mm

r r eff = 0.010

Sr max = 136.00 + 202.92 = 338.92 mm

(εsm - εcm) = σsc - kt fct eff (1 + αe r r eff )

r r eff ≥ 0.6 ssc/Es
Es
Where ,
2
Stress in the tension reinf. = σsc = 30.599 N/mm from Rare Combination

kt = 0.50

Tensile strength of concrete = fct eff = fctm = 3.28 Mpa

2
αe = Es where , Es = 2.00E+05 N/mm
2
Ecm Ecm = 3.43E+04 N/mm

α = 5.83
Design Report Crack Check-SLS

0.6 ssc/Es = 0.0001

(εsm - εcm) = 30.60 - 172.52 = -0.00071 CHECK

2.00E+05

Wk = -0.24 mm <0.3mm,SAFE