Preliminary Activity

✴ Introduce yourself in a creative

way (it is either in a sort of poem,
a song, a tiktok, video or etc.)
✴ (send this in my email add.
edralindayatan@yahoo.com or in
my facebook account.)
 Speech,
Communication,
and Language
 SPEECH: ITS NATURE AND
IMPORTANCE
✴ For us, speech is well-worth
careful study because we
depend on it so heavily for our
communications with others. The
development of human
civilization owes it to a great
extent to man’s ability to share
experiences, to exchange ideas,
and to transmit knowledge from
one generation to another.
 COMMUNICATIONS

✴ It is the dual or two-way process

of transmitting messages from
one person to another. It is
symbolic interaction between two
or more people that influences
each other’s behavior. With it, not
only does one make his/her own
self understood, she also gets to
understand others
 Language
✴ It is systematic.
Language is a highly
organized system in which
each unit plays an important
part, which is related to other
,parts, and which when put
together constitute a whole.
 Language
✴ It is arbitrary.
There is no necessary
connection between the
sounds people used and the
objects to which these
sounds refer. The
relationship between
meaning and the symbols
employed is a matter of
 Language
✴ It is rule-governed.
While the relationship
between meaning and the
symbols used is an arbitrary
one, the arrangement of the
symbols in relation to one
another in an utterance is not
arbitrary.
 Language
✴ This feature of language
demonstrates that there are
underlying rules or patterns
that occur frequently. These
rules that govern the use of a
language are embodied in
what is called the grammar of
the language.
 Language
✴ It has a dual structure.

Language is a system
consisting of two
subsystems: the
subsystem of sound and
the subsystem of meaning.
 Language
✴ It is generative.
This refers to the speaker’s
ability to understand and
produce any number of
sentences/utterances in the
native tongue by recursion ,or by
relativisation. That makes
language creative and
productive.
 Language
✴ It is socially learned
behavior.
It is a skill acquired as
one grows up in society. It
culturally transmitted. A
speaker learns the
language to which he is
exposed.
 Language
✴ It is a social interactive tool.
Language cannot be
considered without
communication because it is the
very reason for its existence. It
is a shared code that enables its
users to transmit feelings, ideas
and desires to one another
because they want to
communicate.
 ASPECTS OF
COMMUNICATION
 
Communication can be better
understood by considering its
two aspects, namely:

✴ The Verbal or Linguistic Aspect

This is the aspect that
makes use of words. It may
be oral or written, formal or
informal.
✴ The Nonverbal or Extra linguistic
Aspect
This aspect does not make
use of words but may enhance or
change the linguistic code. It has
the following three elements:
✴ Nonlinguistic elements
✴ These are the devices used in
conveying messages without entirely
relying on speech of language. The
non-speech elements fall under seven
categories. They are as follows:
✴ Kinesics - language of the body
✴ Proxemics - language of space
✴ Chronemics - language of time
✴ Haptics - language of touch
✴ Olfactics - language of smell
✴ Artefactual - language of objects, and
✴ Physical appearance
Paralinguistic elements
These include the following
attributes of voice that
accompany the words we say.
✴ Vocal quality
✴ Pitch
✴ Tempo
✴ Volume
✴ Juncture
 Metalinguistic element
✴ This is the abstract element
that takes place in the mind of
communicators their
awareness of the component
units of language – sound,
words, phrases and
sentences.
 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
✴ Intrapersonal - is communication
within oneself. It involves thinking,
remembering and feeling… all
things we do internally.
✴ Interpersonal – is communication
among a relatively small number of
people. Much of our
communication talks place at this
level. It may be:
✴ Dyadic – This is
communication between two
people. It may be face to face
such as ordinary
conversations, dial0oogs, or
interviews. Telephone
conversation is also dyadic.
✴ Triadic – This is
communication is participated
in by three people.
✴ Small Group – Here, more than
three people communicate. This
is the enlarged type of
communication usually done to
solve problems. The committee,
panel, symposium,
brainstorming and small
business meetings are good
examples of small group
communication.
✴ Public Communication – This involves
communication between one and several
other people. This is the large group type of
communication. A public speech is an
example. Primarily, it is a monologue one
engages in rather than a dialog.
✴ Mass Communication – This covers other
forms of public communication. The tool/
materials 7used are called, mass media.
✴ Organizational Communication – is
communication in the organization. It may be
horizontal or vertical. The letter one may be
upward or downward.
 COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
✴ For communication to take
place, there must be five
factors involved; the sender,
the message, the channel,
the receiver and feedback.
✴ The SENDER – is the speaker or
the communicator who has hi/her
own purpose, knowledge,
interests, attitudes, skills and
credibility.
✴ The MESSAGE - ,is the idea
being ,transmitted by the sender
to the listener. It includes the
three aspects of content,
structure and style.
✴ The CHANNEL – is the medium or
vehicle through which the message is sent.
It may be verbal or visual. The latter is
often supplemented with the pictorial and
aural channels.
✴ The RECIEVER - is the target of the
communication. S/he is the destination of
the message, the listener, with his/her own
purposes, knowledge and interest levels,
attitudes and listening skills.
✴ The FEEDBACK – is the reaction given by
the listener to the sender of the message.
It is what completes the communication
process.
 Stages of the
communication process
✴ The communication process can nbe
broken down i9nto the following eight steps
or stages:
✴ Stimulus/stimuli
This is the right triggering event or the
communication process. It may be in the
form of events, conditions, situations,
feelings or emotions, which urge the
message sender to communicate and start
the ideas to be verbalized.
✴ Ideation
Based on the idea fed by the
stimulus, an idea or several ide4as
are formulated and organized to
answer a need to communicate.
✴ Encoding
The ideas, which have been
organized in the ideation stage, are
put into code to make transmission
possible. To represent these ideas,
symbols in the form of sounds or
words are made ,use of.
✴ Transmission
The encoded message is sent
through a chosen appropriate
channel or medium. The choice
hinges on the sender’s purpose in
sending the message. He sees to it
that is free from barriers or
interference to insure a good
reception of the message.
✴ Reception
The message, which has been
sent through a medium selected by
the sender, researches the receiver.
✴ Decoding
The codes or symbols used
to transmit message are
converted into ideas or
mental images to be
interpreted by the receiver.
✴ Understanding
The message, which has been
transformed into through or
mental images, having been
interpreted now becomes clear to
the receiver. S/he understands
the message as intended by the
sender. If s/he does not, because
of certain barriers,
miscommunication sets in.
✴ Action
This is the last stage of the
communication process. The
receiver responds to the message
received by sending feedback. This
completes the dynamic process of
communication. It may not end there,
however. The feedback sent in turn,
serves as stimulus that may trigger
the communication cycle to go on. As
communication continues, so do the
taking of turns and switching of roles
between the speaker and the listener.
 NINE
PRINCIPLES OF
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
CLARITY

✴ Clarity make speakers

understandable. Fuzzy
language is absolutely
forbidden, as are jargons,
cliché expressions,
euphemisms, and doublespek
language.
CONCRETENESS

✴ Concreteness reduces
misunderstandings. Messages must
be supported by facts, such as
research data, statistics and figures.
To achieve concreteness, abstract
words must be avoided.
COURTESY

Courtesy builds goodwill. It

involves being polite in terms
of approach and manner of
addressing an individual.
CORRECTNESS

✴ Glaring mistakes in grammar

obscures the meaning of a
sentence. Also the misuse of
languagecan damage your
credibility.
CONSIDERATION

✴ Message must be geared

towards the audience. The
sender of a message must
consider the recipient’s
profession, level of education,
race, ethnicity, hobbies, interest,
passions, advocacies, and age
when drafting or delivering a
massage.
CREATIVITY

✴ Creativity in communication
means having the ability to craft
interesting messages in terms of
sentence structure and word
choice.
CONCISENESS

✴ Simplicity and directness help

you the be concise. Avoid using
lengthy expressions and words
that may confuse the recipient.
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY

✴ Today, with the interesting

emphasis in empowering diverse
cultures, lifestyles, and races and
for the pursuit of gender equality,
cultural sensitivity becomes an
important standard for effective
communication.
CAPTIVATING

✴ You must strive to make

messages interesting to
command more attention and
better responsies.
 ETHICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
IN
COMMUNICATION
 ETHICS

✴ Ethics is a branch of
philosophy that focuses on
issues of right and wrong in
human affairs.
 ETHICAL CONSIDEARTIONS
✴ Respect audience
✴ Consider the result of
communication
✴ Value truth
✴ Use information correctly
✴ Do not falsify information
 ACTIVITY 1
A.) 1. Why do people communicate?
2. What might happen to the world if
communication does not exist?
3. why do miscommunications and
misunderstandings happen?
B.) Through slogan, state how the
knowledge of the communication
process aids people in
communicating effectively.
THANK YOU
GOD BLESS