Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
MICRO ASIA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Iba, Zambales

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

LESSON 1. NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

What is Communication?
➢ Originated from the Latin words, communis— meaning “working together” and communicare – “to make
common to many, share.”
➢ The process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person wants to communicate
with another (Keyton, 2011)
➢ An exchange of ideas, facts, opinions, or emotions by two or more persons (Newman and Sumer Jr.)
➢ Hamilton and Tubbs further defined communication as a “systemic process by which people interact
through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal symbols to create and interpret meaning.”
➢ Communication is the process of giving and receiving information between a human source and a human
receiver using words, symbols or actions.

Characteristics of Communication
➢ A dynamic process
➢ Involves communicators
➢ Systemic
➢ Irreversible
➢ Proactive
➢ A symbolic interaction
➢ Meaning is individually construed

Nature of Communication Process

➢ Communication is related to human activity.
➢ Communication involves two or more parties.
➢ Communication may be one way or two way process.
➢ Proper understanding of the parties involved leads to success in communication.
➢ Conversation in an organization may take different styles.

The Communication Process

➢ The sender converts his/ her thoughts into signals such as words.
➢ The sender sends the signals through a channel
➢ As the signals are sent through the channel, there is some noise.
➢ The receiver hears the signals using the ears.
➢ The receiver converts the signals into thoughts.
➢ The receiver sends feedback by becoming the sender.

The Elements of Communication

➢ Sender. It conveys messages by converting their thoughts into symbols or observable signals such as words.
This is called codification.
➢ Receiver. The one who hears the signals and convert the symbols into their thoughts. This is called
decoding, deciphering or interpretation.
➢ Message. It is the ideas or thoughts that are transmitted from sender to receiver.
➢ Channels. It refers to the medium through which the message is sent.
➢ Feedback. It refers to the message transmitted by the receiver in response to the message of the speaker.
Prepared by: VANESSA M. BAYSA, Subject Teacher Oral Communication in Context
 ➢ Noise. It is anything that interferes or reduces the quality of the signal sent by the sender through the
channel, weakening the communication between sender and receiver.

Types of Communication
➢ Interpersonal Communication. It involves talking to one or a limited number of people.
▪ Dyad Communication. It is communication between two people.
▪ Small Group Communication. A communication between three or more people.
➢ Public Communication. It involves communicating to a wide group of people with very varied traits,
background, interests, and persuasions.
➢ Intercultural Communication. It involves communicating with a person or group of people who may not
share the same assumptions, values allegiances as that of yours and may have different associations with
the symbols you take for granted as having a particular meaning.
Note: Lingua Franca – a language adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages
are different.
Functions of Communication
➢ To Improve Our Personal Lives
➢ To Better Our Interpersonal Relationship
➢ To Help Gain Success in our Professional Lives.
➢ To Broaden Our Perspective to Become Civic-Oriented Individuals.

The Principles of Communication

➢ We cannot not communicate. People communicate either intentionally or unintentionally.
➢ Communication is irreversible. It can neither be deleted nor taken back.
➢ Communication is unrepeatable. A speaker cannot repeat the same performance in exactly the same way
to another audience.
➢ Communication is a process of adjustment. Effective communicators are sensitive enough to adjust to
each other’s behavioral traits and differences in signal system meaning. They are expected to adjust in order
to achieve understanding and success in their interaction.
➢ Communication is transactional. When we emerge into the communication process, we always have a
purpose and goal in mind.
➢ Communication is complex. Communication process itself is influenced by many variables.

Common Misconceptions about Communication

➢ Meanings are in Words. The different meanings of words cause the common misconceptions in
communication.
➢ Communication is a Verbal Process. In effective communication, we must also “listen” to the facial
expressions, eye contact, physical appearance, gestures, and other non-verbal cues.
➢ Telling is Communicating. Communication process is not just about sending the message, but also about
receiving it.
➢ Communication Will Solve All Our Problem. When one speaks at a time of silence, communicating
becomes more of a problem than a solution.
➢ Communication is a Good Thing. Communication is a tool; it is neutral and neither good nor bad. We can
use it to help solve our problems and have better relationships with others or make the situation more
problematic.
➢ The More Communication the Better. In communication, however, it is not always true that more
communication means better communication. Communication can help solve conflicts and address
problems when there is better, not more, communication between people.
➢ Communication Is a Natural Ability. Communication is not a natural ability, but a learned ability.
Everyone has the capacity to develop himself/herself to become an effective communicator.

Prepared by: VANESSA M. BAYSA, Subject Teacher Oral Communication in Context

 ➢ Interpersonal Communication Means Intimate Communication. When we communicate with the
school janitor about cleanliness in our classrooms or ask directions from stranger when we are lost, we are
communicating interpersonally but not intimately. Most of our everyday interactions are interpersonal in
nature, but not intimate.
➢ Communicative Competence Means Being an Effective Communicator. An effective communicator
does not only perform this, but also achieves his/her goals. In other words, effective communicators
stimulate the minds of their listeners with the meanings they intend to send or wish to stimulate. When the
listener receives a different meaning, this means that a communicator has not effectively communicated
his/her ideas.

Prepared by: VANESSA M. BAYSA, Subject Teacher Oral Communication in Context