FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

GROUP PROJECT

COURSE CODE BFC31602

COURSE NAME CONTRACT AND ESTIMATION

STUDENT NAME 1. VASUNTHRA BASKARAN (CF200191)

2. INTAN AFIQAH BINTI HUSSIN (CF200098)
3. NUR SABIHAH HAFIZAH BINTI MOHD SHANI
(CF200244)
4. MOHAMED ABDIRAZAK YUSUF (AF200212)

SECTION 3

LECTURER NAME TS .SYED BURHANUDDIN HILMI BIN SYED

MOHAMAD

DATE OF SUBMISSION 8 JUNE 2022

 `TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1.0 Group Member’s Biodata 1

2.0 Introduction 2
2.1 Company’s Profile 3
2.1.1 Company’s Objective 4
2.1.2 Organization Chart 4
2.2 Background of the Project 5

3.0 Bill of Quantity (BQ) 6-8

4.0 Breakdown of Project Cost and Schedule Rate 9

5.0 Project Cost Estimation

a) Floor Area Method 10
b) Volume Area Method

6.0 Quantity Measurement (Taking Off) 11-28

Build-up Rate Calculation for 1m3 Soil Excavation Manually

7.0 29-30
Using Hand
Build-up Rate Calculation for 1m3 of Selected Concrete Grade
8.0 31-32
Using Concrete Mixer

9.0 Performance Bond 33

10.0 Liquidated Ascertained Damages (LAD) Per Day 33

11.0 FILA Table 34

12.0 References 35

13.0 Appendices 36-39

1.0 GROUP MEMBER’S BIODATA

NO NAME MATRIC NO. PHOTO

1. VASUNTHRA BASKARAN CF200191

2. INTAN AFIQAH BINTI HUSSIN CF200098

NUR SABIHAH HAFIZAH BINTI

3. CF200244
MOHD SHANI

4. MOHAMED ABDIRIZAK YUSUF AF200212

1
2.0 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the human population is growing which means more homes need to be built
for the purpose of protecting themselves and their families from enemy threats, weather and as a
place to live. Therefore, our company which named A+ Construction Sdn Bhd are given a new
project to build 50 units of terrace house at an affordable price in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor.
Name of our project is Alamanda Residence. We need to do the estimation and calculation for the
two room’s substructure of the terrace. So, Vasunthra Baskaran as the Project manager, Intan
Afiqah Binti Hussin as the Project Engineer, Nur Sabihah Hafizah binti Mohd Shani as the
Project Executive and Mohd Abdirazak Bin Yusof collaborate in implementing this project.

The purpose of our project is to do some estimation and calculation for the substructure of
the Alamanda Residence before doing the construction of building in order to get the initial cost
for the project based on the convenient budget and quality of the building materials in order to
guarantee the safety of building as well as reducing the costs and the potential of bankruptcy to
our company. We making the list of the convenient cost of the work involved in the construction
of this terrace house and quantity measurement for two room’s spaces. We will doing the
calculation and prepare the convenient price list of the works such as excavation work,
foundation laying work, sealing layer laying work, moisture proof coating laying work,
reinforcement coating laying work and concrete coating laying work. In our project, we also
provide calculation of the quantity measurement for the bill quantity such as excavation work for
top soil, surface, pit and trench, concrete work, form work, reinforcement in stump,
reinforcement in footing, concrete in ground beam, form work to ground beam, reinforcement for
ground beam, hardcore, damp proof course and concrete bed.

2
2.1 COMPANY’S PROFILE

A+ Construction Sdn. Bhd. is the local dominant player in construction and structural
steel industry. It was established in 2008 to facilitate A+ Group as part of strategic management
planning. A+ Construction has repositioned itself as a leading structural company which renders
decent services incorporated with internationally recognized safety practices. A+ Construction
Engineering is located strategically at Taman Bayu, Pasir Gudang, Johor. The fabrication yard
occupies the area of 18,000 sq. meters with the lifting height of 12 meters. This spacious yard
allows multiple jobs to be carried out simultaneously and renders a working place free of weather
hazard. An open storage area of 25,000 sq. meters adjacent to the fabrication yard is designed for
multipurpose use.

To optimize efficiency, A+ Construction has been adopting industrialized building system

(IBS) & precast concrete works in recent years. It has a better control on quality as all elements
are finished in factory and hence directly reduces reliance on manpower and construction
timelines. With continuous improvement, professionalism and commitment to stay focused to
customer needs, A+ Construction has taken necessary innovative steps and has achieved the
desired success.

3
2.1.1 COMPANY’S OBJECTIVE

The Company’s quality objectives shall ensure that business development, procurement,
fabrication, testing and inspection activities undertaken on any given project are:

• Planned and performed to achieve the required quality within budget and schedule
requirements.
• In accordance with contractual and regulatory requirements.
• Performed correctly the first time to ensure cost effectiveness and efficiency

2.1.1 ORGANISATION CHART

4
2.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The take-off quantity is import part of cost estimation, basically is to measure the quantity of
work based on drawing provided. The measurement process should be made level preparation of
tender documents (client), approaching the project (contractors) and current projects are being
conducted to determine the quantities of materials required during construction. Measurement
process for the building has been prepared for the quantity of building materials they known as
“Quantity Measurement”. There are 7 purposes for preparing the bills of quantities as follow,

1. Provide estimates of the construction costs of a construction project.

2. Provide more resources construction.
3. Assess progress payments and construction work amendment.
4. Buy building materials during the construction process.
5. Preparation the tender documents and contracts.
6. Form the basic of feedback to the contractor.
7. Be a source of cost data to surveyor’s materials.

The Bill of Quantities (BOQ) is defined as a list of brief descriptions and estimated quantities.
The quantities are defined as estimated because they are subject to admeasurements and are not
expected to be totally accurate due to the unknown factors which occur in civil engineering work.
The objective of preparing the Bill of Quantities is to assist estimators to produce an accurate
tender efficiently and to assist the post contract administration to be carried out in an efficient and
cost-effective manner. It should be noted that the quality of the drawings plays a major part in
achieving theses aims by enabling the taker-off to produce an accurate bill and also by allowing
the estimator to make sound engineering judgments on methods of working.

5
3.0 BILL OF QUANTITY (BQ)

1-Storey (20x70) - 50
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE unit
(RM) QTY AMOUNT
(RM)
100
WORK BELOW LOWEST FLOOR
FINISH
Excavation connecting from platform level
and get out , part return,fill in,ram and spread
in making up levels where directed and
reminder load and cart away from site :

A PILE CAP m3 25.98 144 3741.12

B COLUMN STUMP m3 25.98 20 519.60
C GROUND BEAM m3 25.98 172 4468.56
175mm thick (consolidated thickness) bed of
approved hardcore, spread, levelled, well
rolled and consolidated including blinding
top surfaces with sand as described under :
D PILE CAP m2 22.34 221 4937.14
E GROUND BEAM m2 22.34 502 11,214.68
F GROUND FLOOR SLAB m2 22.34 2795 62,440.30
G APRON AND PORCH SLAB m2 22.34 1000 22,340.00
To supply and lay 50mm thk lean concrete
Grade 25 as described :

H PILE CAP m2 20.52 221 4,534.92

I GROUND BEAM m2 20.52 502 10,301.04
J GROUND FLOOR SLAB m2 20.52 2795 57,353.40
K APRON, PORCH SLAB m2 20.52 1000 20,520
Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 25 as
described in :
L PILE CAP m3 307.34 143 43,949.62
M COLUMN STUMP m3 307.34 20 6,146.80
N GROUND BEAM m3 307.34 172 52,862.48
O GROUND FLOOR SLAB m3 307.34 332 102,036.88
P APRON, PORCH SLAB m3 307.34 140.53 43,190.50
High tensile rod reinforcement as described :

6
Q 16mm dia. in pile cap kg 4.29 6816 29,240.64
R 12mm dia. ditto kg 4.29 4670 20,034.30
S 10mm dia. ditto kg 4.29 1389 5,958.81
T 16mm dia. Ditto in column stump kg 4.29 3537 15,173.73
U 12mm dia. ditto kg 4.29 1047 4,491.63
V 16mm dia. in ground beam kg 4.29 14280 61,261.20
W 12mm dia. ditto kg 4.29 8844 37,940.76

7
 Mild steel rod reinforcement as describe:

6mm dia. in column stump 6mm dia. in

XY ground beam kg 4.29 578 2,479.62
Z 10mm dia in ground beam kg
4.29 3202 13,736.58
Steel mesh fabric reinforcement to MS 1450
well lapped at joints including notching 4.29 4141 17,764.89
around all obstructions and bending as
AA required (measured nett - no allowance made m2
for laps) as describe:
BB CC m2
One layer BRC A7 in ground floor slab as
DD EE m2 13.90 2495 34,680.50
bottom bar
m2
FF GG m2 13.90 159 2,210.10
One layer BRC A7 in apron One layer BRC
HH JJ
A9 in porch
m2 21.56 882 19,015.92
One layer BRC A7 in ground floor slab (Top
m2
bar) One layer BRC A7 in car porch slab (Top
m2 13.90 766 10,647.40
KK bar) Use and waste of sawn formwork as
m2
describe:
13.90 254 3,530.60
To sides of pile cap

To sides of column stump to sides of ground m2 62.35 234 14,589.90

beam
0.25mm thk. approved heavy duty polythene
62.35 119 7,419.65
sheet damp-proof membrane, laid under
ground floor slab, well lapped at joints
62.35 3893 242,728.55
including all necessary protection to prevent
puncture (measured nett-no allowance made
3.90 3242 12,643.80
for laps)
Anti-thermite treatment from approved
applicator applied throughout the entire
building area strictly in accordance with the 1.56 3254 5,076.24
manufacturer's instructions and complete with
5 years of warranty from the date of
practical completion.
SUMMARY (WBLFF) 1,0111,81.86

8
4.0 BREAKDOWN OF COST PROJECT AND SCHEDULE OF RATE

Element Total
Cost
(RM)
Excavation 500.00

Concrete 3,994.00

Reinforcement 9,738.00

B.R.C 2,700.00

Formwork 2,550.00

TOTAL 19,482.00

9
5.0 PROJECT COST ESTIMATION

Using preliminary estimating techniques,

115 mm thick brickwall with 20 mm thick plaster = 115 mm + 20 mm = 135 mm

Price rate = RM 2550.00/m²

Price rate = RM 245.50/m³

(i) Floor Area Method

Area of building = Length x Width
= (12.500 – 2(0.135/2)) x (6.2 – 2(0.135/2))
= 74.994m²

Total cost = Cost per square meter x Area of building

= RM 2550.00/m² x 74.994
= RM 191, 234.70

(ii) Building Volume Method

Pitch roof = a + b + c/2
= 0.450 + 6.750 + (6.500/2)
= 10.450m

Volume building = Length x Width x Height

= (12.500 - 2(0.135/2)) x (6.2 – 2(0.135/2)) x 10.450 = 783.68m³

Total cost = Cost per unit x Volume of building

= RM 245.50/m³ x 783.68 = RM 192, 393.44

10
6.0 QUANTITY MEASUREMENT (TAKING OFF)

TIMES DIM RESULT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY

EXCAVATION

W.B.L.F.F
Excvt. top
soil

length

12.500
Add fdn. spr. 0.350

Less st. 0.295

0.055

12.555

12.555 breath
6.255 78.53 𝑚2 78.53
6.200
Add fdn. spr. 0.350

Less st. 0.295

0.055

6.255

Excvt. top soil for preservn.

avg.
100 mm deep

12.555 Dep. preserved top soil in temp.

6.255 spoil
0.10 7.853 heaps avg. 10.000 m dist. 𝑚3 7.853

11
 Surc. excvn. depth
conc. Bed 0.350
hardcore 0.150
0.175
Less top soil
excvn.

12.555 0.100
7.255
0.18 14.13 0.400 𝑚3 14.13

Excvt. to red. lev. max. Depth n.e.

250mm & Rem. excvt. mat. from
site.
Pit
excvt.

depth
blinding
0.025
ftg.
0.300
stump 0.8350
0.675

Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.175

0.275

4/ 1.15 0.400
1.15 4.232
0.80
Excvt. pit to rec. col. bases startg. 𝑚3 4.232
from
red. lev. max. depth n.e.1.00 m
&
Fillg. To excvn. w. mat. arising
from excvn.
10 1.15 0.4232 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg. In rock 𝑚3 0.4232
100/ 1.15 (Prov.)
0.80
4/

12
 EXCAVATION
W.B.L.F .F
(cont’d)
Tr. excvn.

length
12.500

Less col. st.

2/0.300 0.600

11.900

depth
6.200
Add blindg.
0.025
2/ 11.90 0.525
0.15 0.89 Less excvn.
0.25 top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.275 𝑚3 0.89

0.375

0.150

Excvt. tr. to rec. grd. bm. starting

from red. lev. depth n.e. 0.25 m
& Rem. excvtd. mat. from site

10/100 11.90 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg In rock

0.15 (Prov.)
2/ 0.25 0.09 𝑚3 0.09

13
 Tr. excvn.
breadth
6.200

Less col. st. 2/0.300 0.600

5.600

depth

0.250

Add blindg. 0.025

0.525

2/ 5.600 Less excvn.

0.15 0.42 top soil 0.100 𝑚3 0.42
0.25 red.lev. 0.175

0.275
0.250

Excvt. tr. to rec. grd. bm. starting

from red. lev. depth n.e. 0.25 m &
Rem. excvtd. mat. from.site

10 5.600 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg. In rock

100/ 0.15 0.04 (Prov.) 𝑚3 0.04
2/ 0.25

Allow for keeping the surfaces of

the site & excvn. free of surf.
Water

14
 BUILDING AND CONCRETE

Col. bases
Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100mm
thk. laid on earth. & Rem. excvtd.
4/ 1.20 mat. from site & Ddt. Fillg. To
1.20 0.17 excvn. w. mat. arising from excvn. 𝑚3 0.17
0.03

Reinfd. Ready mix conc.Gr. 25 in

1.20 isol. fdn. Bases & Rem. excvtd.
4/ 1.20 1.73 mat. from site & Ddt. Fillg. to 𝑚3 1.73
0.30 excvn. w. mat. arising from excvn.

0.30 Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 20 in

4/ 0.30 isol. col. stump
0.77 0.28 𝑚3 0.28

Vol. of stump in pit ht.

0.775
Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.350
0.30
4/ 0.30 0.450
0.44 0.16 0.16
3
0.325 𝑚

Rem. excvtd. mat. from site

& Ddt. Fillg. to excvn. w. mat.
arising from excvn.

stump

1.20 gth. 𝑚3 3.72

4/ 0.77 3.72
1.200
4/ 0.300

Fwk. to sides of isol. col. stump

15
 Reinft. bars in isol. col. Stump

stump length
fdn.
0.300
4/ stump.
0.770
lap in col.
0.450
1.66 25.56 1.520

Less conc. cov. 0.040 m 25.56

fdn. bars
2/ 0.012 0.024
0.064

1.456

Add bend 0.200

1.656

20 mm diameter steel reinft.and

bent bars in col. stump
Links gth.
width
0.300

Less conc. cov. 2/ 0.040

0.08
4/
0.220
4/6/ 1.08 25.982 0.880

Add hooks 24/ 0.008 m 25.982

0.192

1.072

8 mm Dia. m.s. reinft. in links in

isol. col. stump

16
 Blindg. to grd. bm.
length

12.500
Less col. st.
2/0.300

0.600
11.90
2/ 0.125 11.900 𝑚3 0.15
0.05 0.15
Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100mm
thk. laid on earth

25 mm thick LC =0.03m

Blindg. to grd. bm.

Width

5.60 6.200
2/ 0.125 Less col. st.
0.05 0.09 2/0.300 𝑚3 0.09
0.600
5.600
Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100 mm
thk.
laid on earth

Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 25 in 𝑚3 1.64

2/ 11.90 grd. bm.
0.125
0.55 1.64

5.60 0.84 Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 25 in 𝑚3 0.84

2/ 0.15 grd. bm.
0.50

Fwk. to fdns. & beds

Fdn.
4/ 4.8 19.20 m 19.20
4/ 1.200
4.800

Fwk. to edges & faces of fdn. not

exceedg. 250mm high

17
 Fwk. to grd. bm. exceedg. 250mm
4/2/ 11.90 95.20 & m 95.20
n.e. 500mm high
Fwk. to grd. bm. exceedg. 250mm
2/2/ 5.60 22.40 & m 22.40
n.e. 500mm high

Pad ftg.

length

1.250
Less
conc. cover b/s
2/0.040 0.080
1.170
Add 2 bends 0.300

Less 2 conc. cov 0.080

2/0.220
0.440

1.610

grd.bm.
m
length
4/10
11.90
Less
4/4/ 1.61 64.4 conc. cov
2/0.040
0.080

Add 2 bends

11.82
2/0.300
0.600

12mm Dia. h.t. steel reinft. in. strt.

& bent bars in fdn. (pad ftg.)

18
 stirrups grd. bm.

gth.

width
0.125
Less cov.
2/ 0.040 0.080

0.045

4/28 1.022 114.46 ht. m 114.46

0.450

Less cov

2/ 0.040
0.080

0.370
2/
0.415
=
0.830

Add hooks 24/ 0.008 0.192

1.022

8mm Dia. m.s. reinft. in stirrups in

fdn.

H/c
length

12.500
Less
col. Stump 2/0.300 0.600

11.900

width

6.200

11.90 66.64 Less col. stump 2/0.300 m2 66.64

5.600

19
 0.600

5.600

Fillg. to make up lev. avg. 150mm

thk.

w. h/c.
of clean hard broken stones
obtained off site & polythene not
less than 1000 gauge horiz.d.p.m.
lappd 100 mm at jts. laid on h/c.

11.90 Conc. Gr. 25 in bed 100mm-

5.60 150mm
0.130 6.17 thk. laid on h/c. 𝑚3 6.17

20
TIMES DIM RESULT DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY
EXCAVATION

W.B.L.F.F
Excvt. Top soil
length
12.500
Add fdn. spr. 0.350

Less st. 0.295

0.055
12.555

breath
6.200
Add fdn. spr. 0.350

Less st. 0.295

0.055
6.255
12.555
6.255 78.53 Excvt. top soil for preservn. 𝑚2 78.53
avg. 100 mm deep

12.555 Dep. preserved top soil in temp.

6.255 spoil
0.10 7.853 heaps avg. 10.000 m dist. 𝑚3 7.853

Surc. excvn. depth

conc. Bed 0.350
hardcore 0.150
0.175
Less top soil
excvn.
0.100
12.555 0.400
7.255
0.18 14.13 Excvt. to red. lev. max. Depth n.e. 14.13
250mm & Rem. excvt. mat. from
site. 𝑚3
Pit excvt.
depth
blinding 0.025
ftg. 0.300
stump 0.8350
0.675

21
 Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.175

0.275
0.400

4/ 1.15
1.15 4.232 Excvt. pit to rec. col. bases startg.
0.80 from red. lev. max. depth n.e.1.00
m 𝑚3 4.232
&
Fillg. To excvn. w. mat. arising
from excvn.
10 1.15 0.4232 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg. In rock 𝑚3 0.4232
100/ 1.15 (Prov.)
0.80
4/
EXCAVATION
W.B.L.F.F (cont’d)
Tr. excvn.

length
12.500

Less col. st.

2/0.300 0.600
11.900

depth
6.200
Add blindg.
0.025
0.525
Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
2/ 11.90 red.lev. 0.275
0.15 0.89
0.25 0.375
𝑚3 0.89
0.150

Excvt. tr. to rec. grd. bm. starting

from red. lev. depth n.e. 0.25 m
& Rem. excvtd. mat. from site

22
10/100 11.90 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg In rock
0.15 (Prov.)
2/ 0.25 0.09 𝑚3 0.09

Tr. excvn.
breadth
6.200

Less col. st. 2/0.300 0.600

5.600

depth
0.250

Add blindg. 0.025

0.525

Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.175

2/ 5.600
0.15 0.42 0.275 𝑚3 0.42
0.25 0.250

Excvt. tr. to rec. grd. bm. starting

from red. lev. depth n.e. 0.25 m &
Rem. excvtd. mat. from.site

10 5.600 E.o. pit excvn. for excvtg. In rock

100/ 0.15 0.04 (Prov.) 𝑚3 0.04
2/ 0.25

Allow for keeping the surfaces of

the site & excvn. free of surf.
Water

BUILDING AND CONCRETE

col. bases
Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100mm
thk. laid on earth. & Rem. excvtd.
4/ 1.20 mat. from site & Ddt. Fillg. To
1.20 0.17 excvn. w. mat. arising from excvn. 0.17

23
 0.03 𝑚3

Reinfd. Ready mix conc.Gr. 25 in

1.20 isol. fdn. Bases & Rem. excvtd.
4/ 1.20 1.73 mat. from site & Ddt. Fillg. to 𝑚3 1.73
0.30 excvn. w. mat. arising from excvn.

0.30 Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 20 in

4/ 0.30 isol. col. stump
0.77 0.28 𝑚3 0.28

Vol. of stump in pit ht.

0.775
Less excvn.
top soil 0.100
red.lev. 0.350
0.30 0.450
4/ 0.30 0.325
0.44 0.16 0.16
3
Rem. excvtd. mat. from site 𝑚
& Ddt. Fillg. to excvn. w. mat.
arising from excvn.

stump
gth.
1.200
1.20 4/ 0.300 𝑚3 3.72
4/ 0.77 3.72
Fwk. to sides of isol. col. stump

Reinft. bars in isol. col. Stump

stump length
fdn.
0.300
4/ stump.
0.770
lap in col.
0.450
1.66 25.56 1.520

24
 Less conc. cov. 0.040 m 25.56
fdn. bars
2/ 0.012 0.024
0.064
1.456

Add bend 0.200

1.656

20 mm diameter steel reinft.and

bent bars in col. stump
Links gth.
width
0.300

Less conc. cov. 2/ 0.040

0.08
4/
0.220
4/6/ 1.08 25.982 0.880

Add hooks 24/ 0.008 m 25.982

0.192
1.072

8 mm Dia. m.s. reinft. in links in

isol. col. stump

Blindg. to grd.bm.
length
12.500
Less col. st.
2/0.300
0.600
11.900

11.90 Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100mm

2/ 0.125 thk. laid on earth 𝑚3 0.15
0.05 0.15
25 mm thick LC =0.03m

25
 Blindg. to grd.bm.
Width
6.200
Less col. st.
5.60 2/0.300
2/ 0.125 0.600
0.05 0.09 5.600 𝑚3 0.09
Conc. Gr. 7 blindg. n.e. 100 mm
thk.
laid on earth
Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 25 in
grd. bm. 𝑚3 1.64
2/ 11.90
0.125
0.55 1.64

Reinfd. Ready mix conc. Gr. 25 in

5.60 0.84 grd. bm. 𝑚3 0.84
2/ 0.15
0.50

Fwk. to fdns. & beds

Fdn.

4/ 4.8 19.20 4/ 1.200 m 19.20

4.800

Fwk. to edges & faces of fdn. not

exceedg. 250mm high
Fwk. to grd. bm. exceedg. 250mm
4/2/ 11.90 95.20 & m 95.20
n.e. 500mm high
Fwk. to grd. bm. exceedg. 250mm
2/2/ 5.60 22.40 & m 22.40
n.e. 500mm high
Pad ftg.
length
1.250
Less
conc. cover b/s
2/0.040 0.080
1.170
Add 2 bends 0.300

Less 2 conc. cov 0.080

2/0.220
0.440

26
 1.610

grd.bm.

length
m
11.90
4/10 Less
conc. cov
2/0.040 0.080
4/4/ 1.61 64.4
Add 2 bends

11.82
2/0.300
0.600

12mm Dia. h.t. steel reinft. in. strt.

& bent bars in fdn. (pad ftg.)
stirrups grd. bm.
gth.
width

0.125
Less cov.
2/ 0.040 0.080

0.045

ht. 0.450
4/28 1.022 114.46 m 114.46
Less cov

2/ 0.040 0.080

0.370
2/
0.415
=
0.830

Add hooks 24/ 0.008 0.192

1.022

8mm Dia. m.s. reinft. in stirrups in

fdn.

27
 H/c
length

12.500
Less
col. Stump 2/0.300 0.600

11.900

width

6.200

11.90 66.64 Less col. stump 2/0.300 𝑚2 66.64

5.600
0.600

5.600

Fillg. to make up lev. avg. 150mm

thk.

w. h/c.
of clean hard broken stones
obtained off site & polythene not
less than 1000 gauge horiz.d.p.m.
lappd 100 mm at jts. laid on h/c.

11.90 Conc. Gr. 25 in bed 100mm-

5.60 150mm
0.130 6.17 thk. laid on h/c. 𝑚3 6.17

28
7.0 BUILD UP RATE FOR 1𝐦3 OF SOIL EXCAVATION (MANUALLY USING
HAND)

Labour Rate

ITEM RATE
Skill labour RM95.00/day
Semi – skilled labour RM75.00/day
General labour RM60.00/day
Soil excavation not exceeding 1.50m depth RM38.60/𝑚3
Spreading out in making up level (surface to RM12.90/𝑚3
receive pad footing
Filling in and ramming soil RM19.00/𝑚3
Cart away RM11.10/𝑚3
Typical soil expansion 25%
Profit 15%

1. Cost of excavation out

Total depth of excavation = Thickness of lean concrete + Height of pad footing + Height
of column stump + Height of ground beam

= 0.250m + 0.300m + 0.75m + 0.500m

= 1.8m

Volume of excavating for footing ≤1.5m deep,

=LxWxD

= 1.250 x 1.250 x 0.300

V = 0.750m3

Cost for excavating for footing ≤1.5m deep:

= 0.750m3 x RM38.60/m3 = RM28.95

29
2. Cost of spread up in making up level (surface to receive pad footing)
= (1.250 x 1.250) x RM12.90/m2 = RM20.16

3. Cost for filling in and ramming soil

Actual volume to be filled in and ramming soil = total volume of excavation – (volume of
lean concrete + volume to pile cap + volume of stump + volume of ground beam)

Cost = 0.750m3 - [(1.250 x 1.250 x 0.025)m3 +

(1.25 x 1.25 x 0.025)m3 + (0.225 x 0.300 x 0.750)m3 + (0.500

x 0.500 x 0.150)m3 x RM19/m3

= RM11.10

4. Cost for carting away remainder load

Volume to be carted away = total volume of excavation – volume to be filled in and rammed
= [0.750m3 – (0.584m3 × 1.25)] x RM11.10/m3

= RM0.22

5. Profit = 15% x [(RM28.95 + RM20.16 + RM11.10 + RM0.22) /

0.750m3]
= 15% x RM80.57

= RM12.09

6. Cost of 1m3 excavation = (RM12.09 +RM80.57) m3 =RM92.66/m3

30
8.0 BUILD UP RATE FOR 1𝐦3 OF SELECTED CONCRETE GRADE USING
CONCRETE MIXER

NO ITEM RATE
1 Cement ordinary (50 kg/bag) RM18.30
2 Sand RM52.50/m3
3 Aggregate RM40.80/m3
4 Concrete mixer machinery RM205.00/day
5 Machinery operator RM100.00/day
6 Skill workers RM90.00/day
7 Allowable shrinkage, wastage and consolidated 25%
8 Mixing concrete 3 hr/m3
9 Hoist and placing 8 hr/m3
10 Allowable profit 20%
11 Machinery operator RM100/hr
12 General worker RM52.50/hr

1. Material cost

1m3 cement = 1 x RM 18.30 x 28 bags = RM 512.40

1.5m3 sand = 1.5 x RM 52.50 = RM 78.75

3m3 aggregates = 3 x RM 40.80 = RM 122.40

Total material cost = RM 713.55

25% shrinkage, wastage, consolidated = RM 178.39

Material cost for 5.5m3 = RM 891.94/5.5

Material cost per m3 = RM 162.17

31
2. Labour cost

Mixing average output to mix the concrete 3hr/m3 concrete

𝑅𝑀52.50
General worker = 3hr x = RM 19.69
8ℎ𝑟

Labour cost per m3 = RM 19.69

3. Plant / machinery

1 concrete mixer rental cost per day = RM 205.00

1 hr of rental = RM 205/8 = RM 25.63

Use 3 machinery operator to handle the machine

𝑅𝑀100
=3x
8ℎ𝑟

= RM 37.50

Total cost rental and operator = RM 37.50 + RM 25.63 = RM 63.13

5.5m3 concrete generated in 1 hour. Thus, cost of machinery for 1m3 concrete

= RM 63.13/ 5.5

= RM 11.48

4. Total cost of concrete per m3

= RM162.17 + RM 19.69 + RM 11.48 = RM 193.34

Allow 15% profit including overhead = RM 193.34/m3 x 1.15 = RM 222.34/m3

32
9.0 AMOUNT OF PERFORMANCE BOND

Amount of performance bond = 5% x Contract Sum

= 5% x RM 19,482.00

= RM 974.10

* Allow for Performance Bond of 5% Contract Value in the form of Bank Guarantee for the
whole duration of the contract and valid and effective until the expiration of the Defects
Liability Period named in the appendix to Condition of Contract

10.0 AMOUNT OF LIQUIDATED ASCERTAINED DAMAGES (LAD)

Based on our company bank, which is CIMB Bank Berhad = BLR (6.85%)

𝐵𝐿𝑅 𝑋 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑚

Liquidated Ascertained Damages (LAD) = 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

6.85 𝑋 𝑅𝑀19,482.00
= 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠

= RM 3.66

33
 11.0 FILA TABLE

Problem Based Learning

Facts (From given Ideas Learning Issues Action

trigger):
1. The Terrace House 1. For the 1. What is the most 1. There are various
was built on a weak constructions, choose appropriate foundation sorts of foundations
foundation. an appropriate to use? that can be used in
foundation. construction if you
study Construction
Engineering.

2. Price of carrying out 2. The process of 2. How do you make a 2. Look for
the works of Semi- identifying elements list of all the items information in books
Detached House of construction works you'll need to do a or on the internet, and
construction should be can be measured and project? ask the lecturer for
prepared. priced by taking off. help.
3. Cost reimbursable 3. A schedule of rates 3. Where can I obtain 3. Conduct a group
work should be priced is a document that the the rate schedule? trip to the company
by the contractor. contractor can use to and get the details of
price cost- the construction.
reimbursable work.
4. Ever other 4. Bill of quantities 4. How can you figure 4. Refer to step of
contractor should be can assist tenderers in out how much it will calculation through
able to price based on calculation of cost to build a house? books and other
the same data. construction costs for references materials.
their tender.
5. Idealized the budget 5. Prior to beginning 5. What is the step 5. The sequence of
to construct the Semi- construction, it is providing the estimations can be
Detached House. critical to estimate. estimating? obtained by searching
the internet.

34
12.0 REFERENCES

 Liu, J. K., Liu, Y. D., Zhao, S. M., & Li, S. M. (2019). Estimation of construction wastes
based on the bill of quantity in South China. Appl Ecol Environ Res, 17(1), 123-146.
 Bikçe, M., & Göçer, S. (2018). An approach to preparing a bill of quantities.
International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2(3), 229-233.
 Inyang-Udoh, U. (2013, August). Investigation into the Costs of Preliminaries and
Relationship between These Costs and Total Cost of Building Projects. In 5th West
Africa Built Environment Research (Waber) Conference (pp. 751764).
 Inyang-Udoh, U. (2013, August). Investigation into the Costs of Preliminaries and
Relationship between These Costs and Total Cost of Building Projects. In 5th West
Africa Built Environment Research (Waber) Conference (pp. 751764).
 Sequeira, S., & Lopes, E. (2015). Simple method proposal for cost estimation from work
breakdown structure. Procedia Computer Science, 64, 537-544.

35
13.0 APPENDICES

36
37
38
39