StatinicC

Runa Saha
Coune 104- Sltitio Sor Ecomonmists
21.03.2022
Chopten 2: Uing umerica
MeaswAp to Deserube Dod

Type o Dod
P r i n a Da Face o Jace suwey Jield daca
Prima
Secondan Dodo- Seconmdany deta saunce

What bFrequenCy. ditnibuion ?

A gnequen dintni baim in a list anoph on data Aed,

Ongai ged to abrs the nequtncy o oceurnenca

.
ach poAible acteome a nepeotable even
Ooenved many timen

One f medium oneequenay disti butiun i

Ban Diagnam. Exan-ple

Company Numben of Frpbpe
150

000

C 200

D 500
260

O A
L y Compant
D
 ban Diagrram

two pe ban
ban diagnam
Thene on

O Conpon ent bar

Cluten ban
Fxanple:

Ma jon Year 2000 Yean 2005

inanca 16O 250

Mankeir 140 200

100 1SO

Componerd ban: Cluton a

2SD 230

200 200

2 00D 2005 2000 200

Yeon Yea
 Pie Chant 2-03.2072
Whd in Pie ehant?
A pie chant is a type of groph, in whidha unde is
divided into oectors hat each represert
a
proportt om
ofte whole.
#| Pie charus ane wualy ed to ahow dada wi pencertge-
#Example: Pencentoge Hooky

Foottoal! 25t 12 57/

Crudet
12
25 25
dminton

tavourute sporda Numben o Studedta Percentage

Foot ball 10 10 x1oo =25
5 12 5
Hooky
Cricket 5 2:57.

Canket ba 10 25/.

Cnd mrton 10 25.

Torta 40
#|£xomple: [Degmee
tem encentage of Crups Cordnal Angle
Wheat
253 125/3x 3(0 150 -

Pa re 125/,
Jowar 252 45
GTamund ntn 5/3
Veetalep 253 30
tatal = Ioo 360
Jowar
Puer 7545
arand nuts
60

wheade 150
>vegatbles

Exonple Degnea to ncbvidual Numoen

Suence 03
Matemai ea= S60
x440 132
Socpod
5109Hahomabis
Sciencesf-54°
Sienee =55
Socia Suence -
66
Englinae+2/ Br Erglin
A 99
Taa marn ootned =440
Fnd u He dividuad
uhjt manlm.
 Paneto Charc

whed in Pareto Chat?

a

A Paneto dhart in o dype of chand, Jhab canteina botth

bars
oart and a line groph, whene he imdividual values
ane repne>erted in descending orden by bana, ond the
Cumudaive t o t (soars7stASJ) in nepresented
by he line
>ide ip dencribed in
Genenaly, somtthingh defective
a

poneo ehart.
# E Example
Type f defecn requenty defech |ncentoge Totol Camuative Rencntge
39.0 39 0
uton defe 23

16 24. 66 1
Pockebdelec
6 9 83
Collan defeeh
1.9 912
Cuft defec
5 1 100
3
Sleeve defecl
To to 59
y25 0)0
9 60
20
83

39-0
20
5 3

o
Cefan Defe Cunf Defte Sleeve Deren
Oton Dee focke Deeet
 Hintpgnarm 05.04.2022

#|What in Hintogram?
ven ypc4 Hitognam is a
graphical nepresentatom that ongoni zes
up of data
poindn iso sen-apeijied nang en.
byju A hintognm a grophical nepnesentohien
a groupod
Keydierentn,
requercy distrubution with Comtinuus cdanmep
ntotisin, Hiatanon in defined an aype of ba
chan hat in used to
neprenent stocdistical mornmaion
by he wy o} ban to ohos e fnequensy distubudion
caninu data Exambl2
umben o plany

26
Soed Yield (gi7) No ofpan
2-5-35 4
|*iptoartam 24

3:5-4 S 6
S 45-5S
10
5-S-6S 26
6 S-tS 24
15
2-5 3.5 4-5 5.5 6-5 5 8-5 S
-3.5 4 s -5°5 -6-5 -7S-8&5 seed Yteld 45-9.5
#|what in rquency ehygon L9.5-l0 S 5

sienedra A Jrrequerey polygon in a lne

gnaph of clonn Jnequeny
ploted agoirat cdans mid point- and he pcnta ane
Jined by a Haetrat lig.
Exampe
 Fraquencyblygon ? Cunve
Numbern ot Plant |Seeds Yiold umben
gmA) Planl
25-3.5
Frrequency 26 3-5-45 6
24
25 Polygom 45-5-S
20
5-5-6-5 26
6.5-7-5 24
5-35 IS
85-95 lo
Saedn
e l 9 5 - 1 0 95-10S

whac i Frequency urnve ?

Cunve is a pmoo-Hh curve, whih conesponds to-the
TopprFrequency
limiirg cane oa hitpgnam Computed Jon a Jrequmty dýshibuvi=
c the mumben of dacta poina lbecom
fa conttnuaus diotribudiorm
veny lang
dintrbui n, whene
Aie phanepmequen cy Curve in a graph o Jnequenty
SeedsYleld Nuben .
e poin one jqned wit a pmooth line Planto

Numben o Plart 2-5-3.5 4

26 3.54-S 6
25
Frequenty 24
4.5-5S
20 Cunve
55-65 26
6S15 24
S-8S

5-9.S

Sea 9S -10 S
Yele
(
 give
J

#| What
Ogive?
ekikshgive, adso unoun an luulative. Fnequenty Polygon, i
a type of Jrequency pohygon, that phoup cumudaive
nequencie.
ewbold lumuwaive Line Graph, i
8thFaktmive, someimes called a

line, Hhac cornect ponda that ane he cumuladve

pencent o obsenvatons belos the ppen limit ofeacl
intervad in a cumuladive Jnequency diai budion
higmiampcbelagp pOgive, alao rown ap lumuative Hiptognam, in atype
o gmaph Hhat can be wsed to detenmine nous many
dota valuep lie abrve on below a particulan ydue n a
dato set
#Thene ane two types o Ogiuen. They ana
Oe Than
Ogive: Numen of seeds KCumulative taequenty
Gneage n lhan Ogiue: Numben ofeeds Cumuladie neguenty
CUmu kative frequency
Seed Yield CamNumben -Plars |Le Than Ogiwe
Greaenf Than ive
2-5 3-5
35-45 6 96
4S-5:S 20
55-65 26 46 80
65-15 24 54
75-85 85
95-95 95 15
95-105 5 00
CUmuladttve frequency

4P Ogive
16 Cumulot ive Line Graph
Cumyative Hitogrram
60 Cumu lcdive tnegumcy folyq
S4
SO

30
20
20
1S
10 4

2-S-3 seed Yield

M
5
-6
: 5
S-0-S

23,
24, 30, 20,
20 26 30, 20, 23, 40 40, 26, 20
20,
23, 40 28. 26. 23, 30 40 20 28, 30

To ind oud he fequency dijsi buctiun in any et of dato , we

needtwo
ing. hey ane
Clam Limit+ = (Uppen limit - Losen limit) = 4o-20) =20
20
Clann Intenva Cwmwally 5 on 10)
hene ane two waya to make a clann intenva
Excdunive Nethod Inclun ve Mehod
# |Whot in Exdunive Metnod?
Excunive merod in a reod of elnsicaion,
Hat he uppen limut of the previua dam intenvoln
gets nepeoted in the lowen limit t h e next clam indenuad
n i clanmihoion, we inelude only Hae vaue lowen
limit ard do ot irehude -he value Puppen limd in te
ditilution talle.
Whad in relunive Metod?
Irduve method in a metod
loami ficdin oalen
doto in uch a mannen had +he ppen limit
o
he pne viap clonn intenvaln doen not nepeat in he
bwen init te next clam imenvo
Inthin donnificolion we indude bot the vaduen
ppen ond lowen linmt in he statribudton ele.
Frequenty (Tally Numben o frequenty
20-25
25-30 INI 6
30-35
35-40

Tota =
21

cass intenvali = -
Range (Clamlimit) NTota
1+ 3.322 logN mumber
20
+3.322 log 21 *0 4
odad