Active voice Passive voice
Present simple Past simple
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ infibitive verb+ Subject+ verb in past + complement
complement
Negative
Negative Subject+ Did+ Not+ infibitive verb+
Subject+ Do/Does+ Not+ infibitive complement
verb+ complement
Interrogative
Interrogative Did+ subject + infibitive verb+
Do/Does+ subject + infibitive verb+ complement?
complement?
Present progressive Past progressive
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ to be+ verb+ ing+ Subject+ was/were+ verb+ ing+
complement complement
Negative Negative
Subject+ to be+ not+ verb+ ing+ Subject+ was/were + not+ verb+ ing+
complement complement
Interrogative Interrogative
To be + subject + verb+ ing+ was/were + subject + verb+ ing+
complement? complement?
Past simple Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ verb in past + complement Subject+ auxliary verb (past perfect)+
main verb (past participle)+
complement
Negative Negative
Subject+ Did+ Not+ infibitive verb+ Subject+ auxliary verb (negative/ past
complement perfect)+ main verb (past participle)+
complement
Interrogative Interrogative
Did+ subject + infibitive verb+ auxliary verb (past perfect)+ subject +
complement? verb (past participle)+ complement?
Past progressive Past perfect continuous
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ was/were+ verb+ ing+ Subject+ had (auxiliary verb)+ been
complement (verb to be past participle) + verb
(principal verb) + ing
Negative
Subject+ was/were + not+ verb+ Negative
ing+ complement Subject+ auxiliary verb (negative/ past
perfect) + been + Main verb + gerund+
complement
Interrogative Interrogative
was/were + subject + verb+ ing+ auxiliary verb + subject + been+ main
complement? verb+ gerund+ complement
Present perfect simple Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ axuliary verb+ main Subject+ auxliary verb (past perfect)+
verb(past participle)+ complement main verb (past participle)+
complement
Negative
Subject+ axuliary verb (negative Negative
have/ has)+ past participle+ Subject+ auxliary verb (negative/ past
complement perfect)+ main verb (past participle)+
complement
Interrogative Interrogative
axuliary verb( have/ has)+ subject+ auxliary verb (past perfect)+ subject +
past participle+ complement? verb (past participle)+ complement?
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Affirmative Affirmative
Subject+ auxliary verb (have/ has) + Subject+ had (auxiliary verb) + been
been+ main verb+ gerund+ (verb to be past participle) + verb
complement (principal verb) + ing
Negative Negative
Subject+ auxliary verb (have/ has Subject+ auxiliary verb (negative/ past
negative) + been+ main verb+ perfect) + been + Main verb + gerund+
gerund+ complement complement
Interrogative Interrogative
auxliary verb (past perfect)+ subject auxiliary verb + subject + been+ main
+ been+ main verb+ gerund+ verb+ gerund+ complement
complement?
Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative
Subject+ auxliary verb (past perfect)+ main verb (past participle)+
complement
Negative
Subject+ auxliary verb (negative/ past perfect)+ main verb (past participle)+
complement
Interrogative
auxliary verb (past perfect)+ subject + verb (past participle)+ complement?
Past perfect continuous
Affirmative
Subject+ had (auxiliary verb)+ been (verb to be past participle) + verb
(principal verb) + ing
Negative
Subject+ auxiliary verb (negative/ past perfect) + been + Main verb +
gerund+ complement
Interrogative
auxiliary verb + subject + been+ main verb+ gerund+ complement
Castillo Vera José Tadeo
