Stoichiometry 2

Principle Of Atom Conservation

Principle Of Atom Conservation

The Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC) states that the
total number of atoms of reactants must equal the number of
atoms of products.

● POAC (which would be applicable only in certain cases), balanced

reaction is not required.
● You can use POAC for all atoms in the compound only if all the
reactants and products are known.
 27.6 g K2CO3 was treated by a series of reagents so as to
convert all of its carbon to K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2.
Calculate the weight of the product.
A. 27.6 g
B. 11.6 g
C. 33.6 g
D. 12.6 g

What amount of CaO will be produced by 1 g of Calcium ?

A. 1.4 g
B. 1.6 g
C. 3.6 g
D. 12.6 g
Concentration Terms
Concentric Terms

Temperature Dependent Temperature Independent

% Mass by volume Mole Fraction

% V/V Molality

Molarity %W/W

Normality PPM

Formality PPB
Concentration Terms

Dulong & Petit’s Law :

• Atomic weight × Specific heat ≈ 6.4 (for metals only)

• Specific heat in cal g–1.

Concentration Terms

Solutions : Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more than two

components. By homogenous mixture we mean that its composition
and properties are uniform throughout the mixture. Generally, the
component that is present in the largest quantity is known as
solvent.
Concentration Terms

Solute The component present in lesser proportion or the

component which loses its physical state (not always) or
present in dissolved state

The component present in greater proportion or component

Solvent
that retains its physical state.

Concentration Terms

Percentage Terms :
Concentration Terms

% Mass By Mass : The amount of solute present per 100 g of

solution is called % w/w

Concentration Terms

% Mass By Volume : The amount of solute in grams present per

100 mL of solution is called % w/V
Concentration Terms

% Volume By Volume : The volume of solute present per 100 mL of

solution is called % V/V

How many grams of solute should be added in 100 g water to get

a solution of density 1.2 g/ml and strength 5% (w/v)?
A. 5 g
B. 6 g
C. 4.17 g
D. 4.35 g
An aqueous solution of glucose is 10% (w/v). The volume in
which 1 mole of glucose is dissolved, will be
A. 18 l
B. 9 l
C. 0.9 l
D. 1.8 l

A quantity of 50 g of water is saturated with HCl gas to get 75

ml of solution containing 40% HCl, by mass. The density of
solution formed is
A. 1.11 g/ml
B. 0.4 g/ml
C. 0.9 g/ml
D. 0.99 g/ml
Concentration Terms

Mole Fraction(𝑿) : The ratio of moles of a component to total moles of all

components in solution

Concentration Terms

Mole Fraction(𝑿) : • Mole fraction of solvent (χA)

• Mole fraction of solvent (χB)

Concentration Terms

Strength(S) :

• Amount of solute present in one litre solution.

Concentration Terms

Molality (m) : The number of moles of a solute present per kilogram

of solvent.
Concentration Terms

Molality (m) : • It is defined as the moles of solute present in one litre of

solution.

• Also, mole of solute = M × Vsol (in L)

Concentration Terms

Molarity (M) : • It is defined as the moles of solute present in one litre of

solution.

• Also, mole of solute = M × Vsol (in L)

Home Work

Home Work
Answers