P.W.

M Pulso de onda quadrada

Pulse Width Modulation

PWM
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

Off On
+ +
(12v) (12v)
Supply Supply
- -
Flow Flow

12v (on) 12v (on)

0v (off) 0v (off)
Time Time

Solenoid Valve (On/Off)

 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

Controlling a DC Voltage
Resistor

 The ‘Old’ Way.

 Inefficient.
 Wasteful.
 Large Power Resistor

supply needed.

Resistor

– Using Potentiometers / Variable Resistors

 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

– Why we use PWM.

 The ‘New’ Way.

 More efficient.
 Less Wasteful.
 Small Power
supply needed.
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

O O O
12v N OFF N OFF N OFF

Average
10 % Pulse voltage is 1.2
Width volts dc

0v

Time

 Average time on (Pulse Width) = average voltage.

 Pulse runs at 500Hz.
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

OFF ON OFF ON OFF

12v ON

Pulse Width
Increasing
Average
voltage
increasing

0v

Time

 As demand increases so does pulse width

 Average time on (Pulse Width) = average voltage.
 Pulse runs at 500Hz.
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

ON OFF
ON OFF
ON
12v

90 % Pulse
Average Voltage
Width
is 10.8 volts dc

0v

Time

 Average time on (Pulse Width) = average voltage.

 Pulse runs at 500Hz.
P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
(EST Code 110)

110-3 Signal shorted to a higher voltage or open circuit (voltage over 4.8)
4.8

Very cold Temp

Warning Temp

Start Derate Temp

Shutdown Temp

0.2
110-4 Signal shorted to a lower voltage (voltage under 0.2)

Temperature
P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada

Binary Digit : Bit & Bytes

One Bit One Byte
(either 1 or 0) (combination of eight 1’s & 0’s)

On On

Off Off

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
Time
 P.W.M Pulso de onda quadrada
SAE J1939 Data Bus – Voltage Levels

3.5V

CAN HIGH

2.5V

CAN LOW

1.5V

RECESSIVE DOMINANT RECESSIVE DOMINANT DOMINANT RECESSIVE

1 0 1 0 0 1