HEALTH 9 – QUARTER 4

INJURY PREVENTION, SAFETY and FIRST AID

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to;

1. Differentiate intentional to unintentional injuries.
2. Describe the types of intentional injuries.
3. Analyze the risk factors related to intentional injuries.
4. Identify protective factors related to intentional injuries.
5. Demonstrate ways to prevent and control intentional injuries.

Overview

INTENTIONAL INJURIES are injuries resulting from violence.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF INTENTIONAL INJURIES:

1. Self – Inflicted – when a person harms himself/herself on purpose
2. Assault – when a person/persons harm another on purpose.

FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS OF ASSAULT:

1. Those that were committed within the family
2. Those that were committed by peers
3. Those that were committed by other groups
4. Those that were committed by the family, peers and other groups

TYPES OF INTENTIONAL INJURIES

A. SELF – INFLICTED
1. Suicide – intentional taking of one’s own life.
- Many of those who attempt suicide do not receive mental and emotional counseling because their
families try to hide the problem because they are ashamed of it. Because of this, their problem is not
solved and the attempt to commit suicide happens again. Studies also indicate that other family
members are also at risk of committing suicide.

2. Parasuicide – a person does not intend to die

- It is often a cry for help, meaning, the person wants others to know what he/she is feeling. Despite this,
parasuicide should not be taken seriously because it may also lead to death.

Some clues that a person has suicidal tendencies:

- Talking about suicide
- Writing farewell letters or giving away valuable things to their friends and siblings
- Showing changing in behavior, moods and feelings
METHODS OF THOSE WHO DECIDED END THEIR LIVES

SUICIDE PARASUICIDE
Hanging Self – poisoning
Strangulation Exposure to chemicals and other poisonous substances
Suffocation Drug overdose
Use of firearms Self-cutting
Jumping from heights
Drowning

B. ASSAULT
1. Domestic Violence – is an act that includes physical assault (hitting, pushing, shoving, etc.),
Sexual abuse (unwanted or forced sexual activity), and verbal abuse.
- Domestic violence may occur to partners who may be married or not married.
- They may be heterosexual or homosexual (guy or lesbian), couples and maybe living together,
separated or dating.

❖ Domestic violence includes abuse and actions such as:

✔ Name – calling or put downs
✔ Keeping a partner from contacting his/her family or friends
✔ Withholding money/allowance or denying financial support
✔ Stopping a partner from getting or keeping a job
✔ Actual or threatened physical harm
✔ Sexual assault
✔ Stalking
✔ Intimidation

❖ Anyone can be a victim of domestic violence or at risk of it especially if his/ her partner is:
✔ Very jealous and spies on him/her
✔ Will not let him/her break off the relationship
✔ Hurts him/her in anyway, is violent and brags about hurting other people
✔ Puts him/her down or makes him/ her to feel bad
✔ Forces him/her to have sex or makes him/her afraid to say no to sex
✔ Abuses drugs or alcohol; pressures him/her to use drugs and alcohol
✔ Has a history of bad relationships and blames it on other

2. Bullying – is an unwanted, aggressive behavior.

- The behavior is repeated, or can be repeated overtime. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may
have serious, lasting problems.
In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:
⮚ An imbalance of power: Kids who bully use their power – such as physical strength, access to
embarrassing information or popularity – to control or harm others.
⮚ Repetition: Bullying behavior happens more than once or has the potential to happen more than once.
 ❖ Classifications of Bullying:
✔ Verbal Bullying – saying or writing mean and nasty things.
⮚ Teasing
⮚ Name calling
⮚ Making inappropriate sexual comments
⮚ Taunting
⮚ Threatening to cause harm
✔ Social Bullying – sometimes referred to as relational bullying – hurting someone’s reputation or
relationships.
⮚ Telling other children not to be friends with someone
⮚ Spreading rumors about someone
⮚ Embarrassing someone in public

✔ Physical Bullying – hurting a person’s body or destroying his/her possessions.

⮚ Hitting, kicking, pinching
⮚ Spitting
⮚ Tripping, pushing
⮚ Taking or braking someone’s things
⮚ Making mean or rude hand gestures
✔ Cyber bullying – verbal and social bullying done through use of technology and electronic means.
⮚ Using social media (Facebook, twitter, etc.)
⮚ Using mobile devices (cellphone)
⮚ Using electronic mails (e – mails)

3. Stalking – is a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed or in danger.

- It is when someone repeatedly contacts you, follows you, and sends you things, talks to you even when you
don’t want them to. It is very threatening to the person being stalked because the behaviors and actions of the
stalker often invade his/her privacy. Stalking behaviors involve actions such as:
⮚ Knowing your schedule
⮚ Showing up to places you go to
⮚ Sending mail, e-mail and pictures
⮚ Calling or texting repeatedly
⮚ Contacting you or posting about you on social networking sites
⮚ Writing letters
⮚ Damaging your property
⮚ Creating a website about you
⮚ Sending gifts
⮚ Stealing things that belongs to you

4. Extortion – is the act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their money or properties on
favors.
- Extortion can happen outside or near schools wherein children are victimized to give up their allowances in
exchange for the promise that they will not be beaten up. The act is different from robbery. In robbery, there is
a very real and very immediate violence. In extortion, a person may only suffer from the fear of harm if he/she
gives in to the demands of the one who extorts.
5. Gang and Youth Violence – defined as relatively tough, mostly street – based group of young people who
regard themselves and may be seen by others as a group that engages in a range of criminal activity and
violence. Young people join gangs and groups for the following reasons:
✔ Need to belong
✔ Desire for adventure
✔ protection

6. Illegal Fraternity – Related Violence

Fraternity is a group of people with similar backgrounds, occupations, interests or tastes.
In campuses and universities, fraternities are represented by Greek letters.
It is not easy to join a fraternity. To maintain their exclusiveness, fraternity members would require
applicant to undergo series of initiation rites to become part of the “brotherhood”. One of these is hazing or
activities that involve harassment, abuse or humiliation. Hazing can be very dangerous to applicants, as they
will be subjected to physical and psychological suffering like being beaten with wooden paddles and may
cause them a lot of injuries. Some even die in the process, which is why hazing and other forms of initiation
rites in fraternities, sororities and organizations are now being regulated under the RA 8049 known as Anti –
Hazing Law.

The youth may think of several benefits in joining fraternity:

1. They may see it as a gain in power and protection, as fraternities have a reputation for being a
powerful group.
2. Some would join fraternities for academic support.
3. Most youths would join fraternities because of the sense of belongingness that these fraternities would
provide.