1.

PARIKSHA
 Definition :
- प रत: ई ा पर ा ।
- पर यते यव था यते व तु व पमनया इ त
पर ा माणा न ।
To see ,to observe carefully in all directions is
known as pariksha.
As per Chakrapani pariksha or pramaan are
useful to examine the things for true knowledge.

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 Significance of Pariksha :
 For the diagnosis of the disease
 To know the causative factors of the disease
 for the proper treatment

 रोगमादौ पर येत ततोअनंतरमौषधम ् । च.सू.

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 1.2 Prama,Prameya,Pramata,Praman
• मा :
यथाथानु भव: मा ।
- Valid experience – satya gyana is known as
prama.
- To establish the reality of Padarth
• Types of pramaa :
1. Pratyaksha – direct observation
2. Anumiti – inference
3. Upamiti – Resemblance
4. Shabda - Testimony
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 Apramaa
- अ मा :
अयथाथानु भव: अ मा ।
- unvalid experience – mithyaa gyana
- Ex. By seeing rajju getting the knowledge of
serpent

• Types of Apramaa
1) Samshay – doubt
2) Viparyay – Mithya gyaan
3) Tarka - logic
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 Prameya

• यो अथ: मीयते त मेयम ् ।

• The vishaya of tha Pramaa
• Objects of valid knowledge
• The things known by Pramaan
• Ex. Ayurved,dosha,dhatu,mala,prakruti,space,
body , Atma etc. Can be known as Prameya

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 Enumeration of Prameya
1. Vaisheshika Darshan : 6 Prameya
- dravya, guna, karma, samanya,vishesha,samvay
2. Nyaaya Darshan : 12 Prameya
- Atma, sharir, indriya, artha, buddhi, mana,
pravruti, dosha, pretyabhav, phala, dukha,
apvarga
3. Sankhya Darshan : 25 prameya
- panch vinshati tatva
4. Ayurved : Tridosha, saptadhatu, mala, panch
mahabhut, triguna, agni, tatva, padarth etc.

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 Pramaata
• The atma, chaitanya purusha or karta, or gyata
• The person who get the knowledge of the
subject – prameya
• Karta- doer
• Pramaata experiences the yathaarth gyaan of
gyeya padarth(prameya) with the help of
Pramaan.

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 Pramaan

• म तकरणं माणम ् ।
• मीयते अनेन इ त माणम ् ।
• यथाथानु भव: मा, त साधनं च माणम ् ।
• The means of true knowledge
• Essential cause of the pramaa

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 Significance of Pramaan :
• To realize the truth
• To get the true or valid knowledge
• To understand the good or bad factors of the
life
• To get the proper knowledge of the disease
• To make the perfect diagnosis
• To understand differential diognosis

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 Enumeration of Pramaan :
Darshan No Pramaan
1 Charvak 1 Pratyaksha
2 Vaishesik,jain, 2 Pratyaksh. Anumaan
bauddh
3 Sankhya,yog & 3 Pratyaksh, Anumaan & shabda
Charak
4 Nyaaya,Susrut 4 Pratyaksh, Anumaan ,shabda & upamaan
Charak - ,, ,, ,, & yukti
5 Prabhakar 5 Above 4 & Arthapatti
mimaansak
6 Bhatta & Vedanta 6 Above 5 & anupalabdhi

7 jaimini 6 Arthapatti,sambhav,aitihya,pratibha,abhav & upmaan

8 pauranik 8 Above 6/6 & sambhav, aitihya
9 Tantrik 9 Abovebrought
8 & Cheshta
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10 Anya acharya 10 Above 9 & parishesha

 Subsudation :
• 10 pramanas under 3 praman :
Pratyaksh Anumaan Shabda

Cheshta Yukti aitihya

anupalabdhi Upamaan

Sambhav

Parishesha

Arthapatti

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 Chaturvidh pariksha in ayurved :
• Acharya Charak :

व वधमेव खलु सव स चास च; त य

चतु वधा पर ा , आ तोपदे श:, य ं, अनु मानं
यु ि त चे त । (च.सू.11)
- Two types of padartha ,
- Sat – existent & asat – non existent
- It can be investigated by four methods/pramaan
- Aptopadesh, Pratyaksh, Anuman & yukti

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 Chaturvidha pramaan :
• Acharya Sushrut :

• त यांगवरमा यं आगम
य ानु मानोपमानैर व धम ् । (सु.सू.1)
• Aagam – aptopaddesha
• Pratyaksha
• Anumaan
• Upamaan

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 Practical application :
• The aim or ultimate goal of Ayurved –
• व थ य वा य र णं
• आतु र य वकार शमनम ् ।
• To maintain the health of healthy person one
should follow dincharya, rutucharya,ahaar
vidhi vidhaan etc.
- all these can be known by aagam or
Aptopadesha.
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 Chikitsa :
• रोगमादौ पर ेत ततो अनंतरमौषधम ् ।
• For the diagnosis one should know the nidan,
purvarup, roop, upashaya and samprapti.
• It can be known by aptopadesha
• To examine the patient all the four methods are
used
• Identification of the drugs
• Dose of the medicine, type of medicine etc. Can
be decided only on the base of Pramaan

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