Module 10 - Killing Methods - New

Well Control
Module 10
Killing Methods
XXX
Principle of Kill Well Methods
☼ Killing Well  To re-control or restore

Primary Well Control. Rule of Thumb ...
Wherever change is taking
☼ By: place, keep another place
1. Clean out influx and permit the gas to constant.
expand to decrease gas pressure
2. Increase mud weight to KMW to
control the formation pressure.
☼ Under the condition of : Maintaince
Bottom Hole Pressure constant by using Bring the pump up
adjustable choke. to kill speed by
keeping Casing
☼ Adjustable Choke is a device for pressure constant
adjusting back pressure.
☼ BHP = HP + APL (zero) + Back Pressure
(Adjustable)
1
Kill Well Methods
Conventional Non Conventional

 The pipe in the well  The cases, it will not be
 Circulate out the kick solution possible to circulated
 The string can be off-bottom
o Driller Method  Circulation is lost
o Wait and Weight Methods  The string is plug
o Concurrent Methods
o Volumetric control
• Bleed & Lubricate
o Bullheading
Driller’s Method
Consist of two circulation :

SIDP o In the 1st circulation, the influx is circulated out using
SICP the original mud weight.
o In the 2nd circulation, the kill mud replaces the
original mud and restores the primary control of well.
Formula required :
 KMW = OMW +
.
 ICP = SIDP + KRP
 FCP = x KRP

 Surface to bottom Stroke =

 Annulus Stroke =

2
SIDP
ICP MAASP Driller’s Method
SICP First Circulation
Step 1
 Bring pump up to kill speed slowly maintain
Casing Pressure constant
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface

Step 2
 Circulate gas from bottom to top of casing shoe
maintainDrill Pipe Pressure constant
Casing Pressure
o Increases as influx expands in drill collar annulus
o Decreases as influx crosses over from drill collar
annulus to drill string annulus & losses height
Shoe Pressure
o Increase while gas is moving up in open hole section
and becoming maximum at the top of casing shoe.
MAASP
o Constant while gas is moving up in open hole section
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface
3
Step 3
 Continue circulating gas inside casing hole maintain
Drill Pipe pressure constant
Casing Pressure
o Increase
Shoe Pressure
o Decrease while gas entering the casing hole
MAASP
o Increase quickly while gas entering the casing hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface

Step 4
 Continue circulating gas reach the surface maintain
Casing Pressure
o Increase and becomes maximum at the top of surface.
Shoe Pressure
o Constant during move up inside casing hole
MAASP
o Increase slowly with same value as Casing pressure
while Gas is moving up inside casing
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface
4
Step 5
 Continue circulating gas out of well-bore maintain
Casing Pressure
o Decrease to SIDP while gas is completely displaced
from well-bore
Shoe Pressure
o Constant while gas displaced from well-bore
MAASP
o Decrease to initial value while gas is diplaced from
well-bore
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface
SIDP
SICP
Csg Pressure First Circulation
Step 6
 Stop the pump slowly maintain
Casing Pressure
o SICP = SIDP
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP SIDP
Bit Surface
5
SIDP
SICP Second Circulation
Step 7
 Line up on kill mud
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SIDP
 SICP
Surface Bit Surface
ICP
FCP MAASP Driller’s Method
Step 8
 Pump kill mud fluid from surface to bottom maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure
 Decrease from ICP to FCP as the heavy kill mud fills
the string.
Shoe Pressure
o Constant while kill mud fill drill string
MAASP
o Constant while kill mud fill drill string
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SIDP
 SICP
Surface Bit Surface
6
Step 9
 Pump kill fluid from bottom to top of casing shoe
maintain Drill Pipe Pressure constant & equal to FCP
Casing Pressure
o Decrease as kill mud displace original mud in annulus.
Shoe Pressure
o Decrease while kill mud displace old mud in open hole
MAASP
o Constant while kill mud displace old mud in open hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SIDP
 SICP
Surface Bit Surface

Step 10
 Continue pump kill fluid to reach surface maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure constant & equal to FCP
Casing Pressure
o Decrease as kill mud displace original mud in annulus.
Shoe Pressure
o Decrease until kill mud entering the casing and constant
while moving up inside the casing
MAASP
o Decrease while kill mud displace old mud inside the
casing
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SIDP
 SICP
Surface Bit Surface
7
Step 11
 When kill fluid at surface, stop the pump slowly maintain
Casing Pressure constant. Bled off, check SIDP and
SICP both should be same and equal to zero.
Note :
 Any pressure buil up on Casing pressure. It could be
• Trapped pressure.
• Incorrect kill mud weight.
• Didn’t wait long enough at initial close-in for
pressures to stabilize.
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SIDP
 SICP
Surface Bit Surface
BHP Change While Performing

Driller’s Method
Exercise
In the first circulation of driller’s method, gas kick circulated with 25
spm and the initial circulating pressure (ICP) is 1,600 psi. The initial
shut in drill pipe pressure is 450 psi. After shift change, another
driller accidentally changes pump rate to 30 spm but he still holds
drill pipe pressure constant.
Answer :
8
Drill Pipe
Pressure
1. ?
2. ? Casing
Pressure
3.
4. 1.
2.
3. ?
SPM Gauge
1. 4. ?
2.
3.
4.
BHP
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
First Circulation of Driller’s Method
Wait & Weight Method
Stabilized Pressures
Kick is circulated out with mud of sufficient density to
SIDP balance of slightly over balance the formation
SICP
Formula required :
 KMW = OMW +
.
 ICP = SIDP + OMW
 FCP = xKRP

 Surface to bottom Stroke =

 Annulus Stroke =

 Pressure drop/strokes = x100

9
SIDP
ICP MAASP
SICP
Step 1
 Line up on kill fluid
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
FCP
ICP MAASP
SICP
Step 2
 Pump a kill fluid from surface to bit maintain
Drill Pipe pressure as per step down pressure schedule.
Drill Pipe Pressure
o Decrease from ICP to FCP as heavier mud being
pumped
Casing Pressure
o Increases as influx expands in drill collar annulus
o Decreases as influx crosses over from drill collar
annulus to drill string annulus & losses height
Shoe Pressure
o Increase while gas is moving up in open hole
MAASP
Shoe o Constant while gas is moving up in open hole
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
10
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 3
 Pump kill fluid up annulus maintain
Drill Pipe pressure consant, and equal to FCP
Drill Pipe Pressure
o Constant, and equal to FCP
Casing Pressure
o Increases as influx expands in annulus
Shoe Pressure
o Become maximum at the top of Casing shoe.
MAASP
o Constant while gas is moving up in open hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 4
 Continue pump kill fluid up annulus maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure
o Constant, and equal tp FCP
Casing Pressure
Shoe Pressure
o Decrease while gas enter into casing hole section
MAASP
o Increase quickly while gas is coming into casing hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
11
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 5
 Continue pump kill fluid up annulus maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
Shoe Pressure
o Decrease while kill fluid moving up open hole
MAASP
o Increase slowly with same value as casing pressure
while gas is moving up casing hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 6
 Continue pump kill fluid reache surface maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
o Increase, and become maximum while gas at the
top of surface
Shoe Pressure
o Constant while kill fluid enter casing hole
MAASP
o Increase until gas reach the choke
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface

MAASP
12
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 7
 Continue circulate gas out of well-bore by kill fluid
maintain Drill Pipe pressure consant, and equal to FCP
Drill Pipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
o Decrease while gas is completely displaced from
well-bore
Shoe Pressure
o Constant.
MAASP
o Decrease while gas is diplaced from well-bore.
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 8
 Continue pump kill fluid reache surface maintain
Drill Pipe Pressure
Casing Pressure
o Decrease as kill fluid displace original mud
Shoe Pressure
o Constant
MAASP
o Decrease while kill fluid displace old mud inside the
casing hole
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface
13
FCP MAASP
SICP
Step 9
 When kill fluid at surface, stop the pump slowly
maintain Casing pressure consant. Bled off, check SIDP
and SICP both should be same and equal to zero.
Note :
 Any pressure buil up on Casing pressure. It could be
• Trapped pressure.
• Incorrect kill mud weight.
• Didn’t wait long enough at initial close-in for
pressures to stabilize.
Shoe
Pressure
ICP
 SICP
 SIDP
Surface Bit Surface

Tapered Drill String
Given Data :
o KMW = 9.5 + = 10.7
Depth, TVD = 6,000 ft . ,
Mud Weight = 9.5 ppg o ICP = 350 + 250 = 600
SIDP .
= 350 psi o FCP = 250 = 282 psi
.
SCR @30 SPM = 250 psi , .
DP 5 @6,000 length = 0.01776 bbl/ft o Stroke, STB = = 896 strokes
.
Pump Out Put = 0.119 bbl/stk o Press. Drop per 100 strokes = 100 = 35,5 psi
.
o Heigh per 100 strokes = = 670 ft
.
422.5
564.5
600
493.5
282
458
529
351.5
316
387
Psi
670 •
600
1340 •
2010 • 500
2680 • 400
3350 • 300
4020 • 200
4690 •
100
5360 •
6000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 896
Stroke
14
Exercise :
You are displacing the well with kill weight mud. The
well includes a tapered drill string. Which of the
following parameters should NOT vary as different
sections of pipe are displaced with kill mud?
a. Bottom Hole Pressure
b. Pressure drop per 100 strokes pumped
c. Displacement time/1000 feet of pipe length
d. Displacement stroke count/ 1000 feet of pipe length
Deviated & Horizontal Killing Operation

Theoretical (Vertical Well) ICP
Pressure Line Vertical Well with uniform
True Pressure Line string, using Wait & Weight
methods
At surface
 ICP = SCR + SIDP
At bottom
 FCP = x SCR
FCP
At KOP
ICP
 SCR ∗ = SCR + FCP − SCR x Deviated well with uniform
 Remaining SIDP = SIDP − (KMW − OMW) x KOP string, using Wait & Weight
 CP = SCR∗ + Remaining SIDP methods
Over Balance
At EOB
 SCR ∗ = SCR + FCP − SCR x KOP
 Remaining SIDP = SIDP − (KMW − OMW) x EOB
 CP = SCR∗ + Remaining SIDP
EOB FCP
15
Theoretical (Vertical Well)
True Pressure Line
Pressure Line
ICP ICP
FCP FCP
ICP ICP
FCP FCP
Exercise :
When killing a well with a horizontal section using the
Wait and Weight method, what will happen if you use a
vertical kill sheet to circulate out the kick?
a. You will be applying too much pressure to the well
b. You will be applying too little pressure to the well
c. The strokes to the bit will be wrong
d. The FCP is more difficult to calculate
16
Horizontal Well Killing Operation
Csg Pressure
DP Pressure
Kill mud reached at the bit
DP gauge
Csg. gauge
You have pumped Kill Weight Mud (KMW) to the bit during
the beginning of the Wait and Weight method. It is decided
to shut the pumps down and check pressures. You notice
there is still pressure on the Drill Pipe gauge. You confirm
that there is no trapped pressure.
KMW What is the current status of the well?
o The drill pipe is still underbalanced or the stroke count is
not correct.
What could You do?

1. Check for trapped pressure
2. Check to see if correct mud weight and surface to bit strokes
were pumped
3. Check the circulating system to see if a lighter mud was pumped
4. Continue circulating then shut in and check again
17
Maximum Allowabel Annular Pressure
constant
MAASP increase
DP gauge
Csg pressure increased
increased
You are circulating out a kick in a deep well and the

casing pressure approaches the MAASP.
What is the first thing you must do?
KMW o Minimize any extra pressure in the annulus without allowing
the bottom hole pressure to fall below the pore pressure
o Continue with the correct kill procedure, the increasing
Pressure
Shoe pressure
decreased
increased &
MAASP will not cause formation breakdown
constant
BHP
Shoe Pressure
(Driller’s Compared W&W Method)
350 psi
Kill mud enters annulus

Driller Method
3,126 psi (Driller’s Method)
Pressure
(Psi) Top of influx at at shoe
Shoe Pressure
620 = 5,290 – (0.052x9.5x4,380)
2,696 psi (W&W Method)
= 3,126 psi
9.5 ppg
Influx crossing shoe 4,380
Kill mud at shoe
3,020
2,820
2,696
350 psi
W&W Method
Drill String Vol. Shoe Pressure

620= 5,290 – (0.052x10.2x3,400) – (0.052x9.5x1,600)
Drill String Volume = 2,696 psi
9.5 ppg
Note : 4,300
10.2 ppg
o Larger open hole volume than drill string volume
o Shoe Pressure will be lower, If the Wait & Waight 80
Method is used instead to Driller Method
18
Analysis of Shut-In Conditions
o Shut in Drill Pipe Pressure (SIDP)

SIDP = Formation Press. −HP
o SIDP during killing

Before pumping kill mud to the bit, if we stop, then remaining
SIDP can be estimated
No of strokes
Remaining SIDP = SIDP − x SIDP
Drill String stroke
o Shut in Casing Pressure (SICP)

Will be going up depend on top of influx length in annulus
Increase SICP = Remain SIDP + MW − Influx Weight x 0.052 x High
Concurrent Method
The concurrent method : weighting up fluid while the process of
circulating out the kick. It is also called the Circulating and Weight
Method or Slow Weight-up Method.
Well Information :
SIDP = 500 psi
Original MW = 12.5 ppg
SPR = 750 psi
Well TVD = 10,000 ft
Stroke from surface to bit = 855 strokes
 KMW = 12.5 + = 13.5 ppg
. ,
 ICP = 500 + 750 = 1,250 psi
.
 FCP = x 750 = 810 psi
.
. .
 ∆ Desity = = 0.1 ppg
 ∆ Stroke = = 85.5 strokes
,
 ∆ Pressure = x 88.5 = 44 psi
 Drill Pipe pressure/MW increment per one point of ppg (in place stroke)
,
. .
 Density/Pres, psi/pt = = 44psi/pt
19
Concurrent Method
Pressure (psi)
(Stroke)
Density (ppg)
Steps to do after the well killed

1. Shut in, observe drill pipe and casing pressure for 30
minutes
2. If there is no pressure increase, open the choke to
avoid trap pressure before ram is opened
3. Open annular or pipe ram
4. Close HCR on choke line
5. Circulate full rate, sweep hivis
6. Wiper trip to casing shoe
7. Back top bottom
8. Take SPR and re-calculate MAASP with new mud
weight
9. Continue Drilling
20
Volumetric Method
A method of well control in which bottom hole pressure is kept constant when circulation is
not possible and gas is migrating up the hole. Bottom hole pressure is maintained slightly
higher than formation pressure while the gas is allowed to expand in a controlled manner as
it moves to the surface.
A Dictionary for the Petroleum Industry (2nd edition, Petex)
Given Data :
Max. Frac. Press. at shoe = 3,986 psi o High of gas migrate (increase 50 psi)
Drilling MW = 9.5 ppg H = = 101.2 ft
Drill Pipe Cap. = 0.01766 bbl/f . .
Drill Collar Cap. = 0.00768 bbl/ft o High of gas migrate (increase 100 psi)
Annular Cap OH/DC = 0.0292 bbl/ft H = = 202.4 ft
Annular Cap OH/DP = 0.0459 bbl/ft . .
Casing Cap Csg/DP = 0.1293 bbl/ft o Volume bleed-off OH/DC (decrease 50 psi)
Drill Collar Length = 600 ft = 0.0292 x 101.2 = 2.9 bbls
Shut-in Data : o Volume bleed-off Csg/DP (decrease 100 psi)
SIDP (Drillstring plug) = 0 psi = 0.0292 x 202.4 = 5.9 bbls
SICP = 300 psi
o Percolation rate
Pit Gain = 10 bbl
Gauge increase 50 psi per 20 minutes = = 303.6 ft/hr
. .
Assume no friction loss in annulus
H
Volumetric Method
Step 0
 Well shut in. Casing pressure reading 300 psi
DP Press. Csg Press .
0 psi 300 psi
Csg Press (psi)
300
3 6 9
Mud Volume Bleed-off (bbls)
BHP
BHP
3 6 9
21
Volumetric Method
Step 1
 Allow to migrate without expansion, increase casing
DP Press. Csg Press . pressure and BHP (e.e. P1 = 100 Psi) for overbalance
0 psi 400
300 psi
Csg Press (psi)

400
300
3 6 9
BHP Mud Volume Bleed-off (bbls)
BHP increase
BHP 100 psi
100
3 6 9
Volumetric Method
Step 2
 Allow to migrate without expansion, increase casing
DP Press. Csg Press . pressure and BHP (e.e. P1 = 50 Psi) for working pressure
0 psi 450
400 psi
Csg Press (psi)
450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP
BHP increase
BHP 150 psi
+ 100 psi 150
100
3 6 9
22
Volumetric Method
Step 3
 Bleed off, allow gas to migrate and expand. Casing
DP Press. Csg Press . pressure constant and BHP decrease by 50 psi
0 psi 450 psi
Csg Press (psi)

450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP Mud Volume Bleed-off (bbls)
BHP + 100
150 psi 150
100
3 6 9
Volumetric Method
Step 6
 Repeat step 2 and 3 until gas is brought up to surface
DP Press. Csg Press .
0 psi XXX
500 psi
Csg Press (psi)
500
450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP
BHP + 100
150 psi 150
100
3 6 9
23
Lubricate & Bleed Method
The method is implemented by repeating two steps :

DP Press. Csg Press . Step 1 : Pump kill mud weight into well via annulus
0 psi 900 psi Step 2 : Remove gas on surface by bleeding off
maintain BHP constant
. /
LI =
.
.
LI = = 8.88
.
Where;
LI = Lube Increment, bbl
PI = Pressure Increment, psi
Cap. Csg/DP = Capacity between casing and drill pipe, bbl/ft
MW = Kill Mud Weight, ppg
BHP + 100 psi
Step 1
 Lubricate kill mud volume via annulus,
DP Press.
0 psi Csg Press.
Csg Press (psi)
500
450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP
BHPBHP
increase 150
100
3 6 9
24
Step 2
 Bleed-off gas, casing pressure and BHP decrease
DP Press.
0 psi Csg Press decrease
Csg Press.
Csg Press (psi)

500
450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP
BHP BHP
decrease 150
100
3 6 9
Step 5
 Repeat step#1 and #2 until gas is out of the annulus.
DP Press.
0 psi Csg0 Press.
psi
Csg Press (psi)
500
450
400
300
3 6 9
BHP
BHP BHP
decrease 150
100
3 6 9
25
Bulheading Method
= SICP SIDP = SICP SIDP

SICP SICP
Kill Line Kill Line
Bullheading
Bulheading Method
The killing well with the bullheading method is recommended
when encountering situations as following :
1. If a kick is taken with drill string far off bottom, or with no pipe
in the hole. Also when stripping operation is not posible due to
upward force (from well pressure) exceeds the string weight
2. If influx has potential for containing H2S
3. If the influg is very large, which would result in excessive
surface pressure
4. If circulating the kick out could result in excessive gas rates
through the well control system and not possible to handle
safety
5. If the is a low pressure rating of pumping equipment, welhead
and casing shoe tests.
26
Problem During Killing Operation
Drill Pipe Casing Pump

Problems Pit Level
Pressure Pressure SPM
Nozzle Plugged
Nozzle Wash Out
Choke Plugged
Choke Wash Out

Total Pump
Failure
String Wash Out
Loss Circulation Erratic
Gas Reach
Surface
Main Main Indicator Minor
Indicator after time lag Indicator
27

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Module 10 - Killing Methods - New

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Well Control

Principle of Kill Well Methods

☼ Killing Well  To re-control or restore

Conventional Non Conventional

Consist of two circulation :

ICP MAASP Driller’s Method

ICP MAASP Driller’s Method

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

FCP MAASP Driller’s Method

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

BHP Change While Performing

Wait & Weight Method

 Pressure drop/strokes = x100

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Surface Bit Surface

Wait & Weight Method

Deviated & Horizontal Killing Operation

Kill mud reached at the bit

What could You do?

You are circulating out a kick in a deep well and the

Kill mud enters annulus

Drill String Vol. Shoe Pressure

o Shut in Drill Pipe Pressure (SIDP)

o SIDP during killing

o Shut in Casing Pressure (SICP)

Steps to do after the well killed

Csg Press (psi)

Csg Press (psi)

The method is implemented by repeating two steps :

BHP + 100 psi

Lubricate & Bleed Method

Csg Press (psi)

Lubricate & Bleed Method

= SICP SIDP = SICP SIDP

Kill Line Kill Line

Drill Pipe Casing Pump

Nozzle Wash Out

Choke Wash Out

Loss Circulation Erratic

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