Drilling Technology

Recent Development

Presented by:
Anung H. Prabawa (Mesin UI 93)
Faried Rudiono (Mesin ITB 76)

18-September-2006
FTUI Depok
 Outline
• Continuous Circulating System
• Managed Pressure Drilling
• Dual Gradient System
• Casing While Drilling
• Solid Expandable Tubular
• High Angle/Extended Reach Drilling
• Integrated Hole Quality
• 3D Rotary Steering System
• Torque and Drag management
• Flex Rig Technology
 Continuous Circulation System
Definition:
A system that enables continuous circulation of mud throughout the
drilling process – including making & breaking drill pipe connections.

Benefits
• Continuous ECD control
• Eliminates circulation time before and after making connections
• Continuous drill cuttings transport
• Eliminates re-drilling of settled cuttings & debris after making connections

BHP (psi) = 0.052 x MW (ppg) x TVD (ft) + Annular Friction Pressure

Mud hydrostatic pressure

ECD = EMW (ppg) + Annular Friction Pressure

(Equivalent ppg)

Source: Varco
 Continuous Circulation System
Create Pressure Chamber Around Connection Fill and Equalize Chamber with Mud

1 Saver Sub 2
on Top Drive

From
Standpipe
9” Bore
BOP Pipe Rams
Box End of
Last Stand

Break Drill Pipe Connection Break Drill Pipe Connection

3 4
Torque
Snubber
Cylinders
Cylinders

Force from
Mud Pressure

Source: Varco
 Continuous Circulation System
Isolate Pin for Removal Drain Stand & Upper Cavity

5 6

Drain to Mud
System

Open Upper Slips & Ram to Remove Pin Connection

Source: Tesco
Managed Pressure Drilling Technology
•IADC Definition:
MPD is and adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular
pressure profile throughout the wellbore.
•Key Driver:
More than 50% prospect are currently undrillable using conventional drilling
methods.

Conventional Drilling MPD

By re-directing
flow through a
choke and
controlling it’s
opening a
backpressure is
imposed down
the hole

Source: Signa
MPD – Managing Wellbore Pressure & Hydraulic Modeling

How to Manage Wellbore Pressure?

Wellbore Pressure = Choke Pressure + Hydrostatic Pressure
+ Frictional Pressure Loss
Choke Pressure is managed by adjusting choke.
Hydrostatic Pressure is created by fluid column gravity and is a
function of fluid mixture density and TVD.
Friction Pressure Loss is caused by friction between fluid(s) and well / pipe
wall, and is affected by many parameters.

Why Hydraulic Modeling?

1). Select proper circulation fluid(s)
2). Design optimal circulation rate(s).
3). Provide sufficient hole cleaning.
4). Maintain desired wellbore pressure.
5). Handle formation influx/lost circulation
MPD – Technique Selection
Flow Chart

Source: Signa
 MPD – Basic Flow Paths

Managed Pressure Drilling

Conventional Drilling

Source: Signa
 MPD – Mud Cap Operations

Continuous DP injection while drilling

Placing a “Mud Cap” in the casing-drill
pipe annulus
Drilling blind – No returns at surface –
Annulus is closed

Source: Signa
 Dual Gradient Drilling Technology
“DGD” Drilling refers to drilling where mud returns DO NOT go through a
conventional, large-diameter, drilling riser. Instead the returns move from the
seafloor to the surface through one or more small - diameter pipe(s) separate from
the drillpipe.

Mud
Return
Subsea Line
Rotating
Device Seabed
Pump

BHP = 0.052 x (RKB)’ x MW BHHP = 0.052 x ((RKB-WD)’ x MW + WD’ x 8.6ppg)

Source: Subsea Mudlift Drilling

 Dual Gradient Drilling Technology

„ Single Gradient Wells Pressure, psi

• Wellbore contains a
single density fluid D Seawater HSP
• Single pressure e Seafloor @ 10,000’
gradient p
„ Dual Gradient Well t MW#1 ppg
• Wellbore feels seawater h MW#2 ppg
gradient to the seafloor,
and mud gradient to f
bottom t
 Single vs. Dual-Gradient Mud Systems

Conventional Dual Gradient

Heavier Mud w/
Seawater Above
Single
Mudline
Mud
Weight

Same
Bottom Hole
Pressure

From the perspective of the well, there is no mud above the

mudline in a dual-gradient system!
 Casing While Drilling Technology
The use of a casing as a direct drill string, instead of a conventional drill
pipe
Casing While Drilling – BHA

Source: SPE/IADC
Casing While Drilling – Logging Technique

Source: SPE/IADC
Casing While Drilling – Drive System

Animation

Source: Tesco
 Casing While Drilling – Underbalanced
Design Evolution
Conventional Conventional
Conventional w/ commingling w/ depletion

13 3/8”
3/8” 13 3/8”
3/8”
16”
16”
9 5/8”
5/8” 9 5/8”
5/8”
11 ¾”
7 5/8”
5/8” 7 5/8”
5/8”
9 5/8”
5/8”
7 5/8”
5/8”
5”
5”
1990 -1994 5” w/2 7/8”
7/8” tbg
Pre-
Pre-1990
1994
Tubingless
Tubingless w/ extreme depletion
UB DWC

13 3/8”
3/8” 13 3/8”
3/8”
10 3/4”
3/4”
9 5/8”
5/8” 9 5/8”
5/8”
7 5/8”
5/8”

7 5/8”
5/8” 7 5/8”
5/8” 5 1/2”
1/2”
5 ½”

3 ½” 3 ½”
3 ½”
1994 – 2000 2000 - 2001 2002 – present

Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium

 Casing While Drilling – Underbalanced
Conventional New Well vs. UB-DWC Re-entry

13
3/ ”
8

9
5/ ”
8 Virgin pressure
Bore hole stability
7 5/8”
depleted Conventional Tubingless vs. UB-DWC - New Well
5 ½”
high pressure
Virgin pressure
3 ½” X 2 7/8” 5” 13 3/8”
2 7/8” 20”
20”

First application – 50% cost of new

well. MW 17.0 ppg vs. 15.8 ppg.
13 3/8” 9 5/8”
virgin
11 ¾” fault zone 75/8”
9 5/8” 5 ½”
depleted
7 5/8”
virgin (tight)
5 ½”
depleted
2 7/8” 3 ½” x 2 7/8”

Slim design. Eliminated 2 liners. MW

17.5 vs. 13.5 ppg.

Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium

 Solid Expandable Technology
Permanently expanding the pipe through the cold working
process downhole.

μ OD pre

σy
F or ID
P * in 2 post
σy
t ID pre
OD post

Animation Source: Enventure

Solid Expandable Technology – Open Hole

Animation Source: Enventure

Solid Expandable Technology – Open Hole

GOM Deep Water Onshore South Texas

Source: Enventure
Solid Expandable Technology – Cased Hole

Animation 1 Animation 2 Source: Enventure

Solid Expandable Technology – Cased Hole

Source: Enventure
High Angle Drilling
„ We are talking about wells in the 45° range and above
• Includes extended reach & horizontal wells
• The drivers for this definition are:
„ Change in cuttings bed behavior

„ Effects of wellbore stability

High Angle Drilling
„ What’s different about high angle drilling?
• Hole cleaning practices
• Cuttings bed behavior
• Wellbore stability
• Torque and drag issues
• Hole condition monitoring
• Hydraulics
• ECD management
• Drill string design
• BHA design
• Negative weight
• Casing floatation
• Completion issues
• Logging issues
 Extended Reach Drilling
• Placement of a wellbore in a precise position to access reserves
• Extended reach drilling can provide access to more reserves at
optimal development costs

4-6
mile
s

22
 Worldwide HA & ERD Achievements
HD (m)
0 1,524 3,049 4,573 6,098 7,622 9,146 10,671 12,195
0 0
IOL, Canada
Maersk, Qatar
EM, Jade Total, Hidra BP, Wytch Farm

5,000 EAL, Moonfish EM, Sacate 1,524

EM, WD-73 Ratio = 6

Statoil, Statfjord Total, Argentina

Vertical Depth (ft)

EPMI, Irong Barat BP, Amber

EM, Jotun Woodside, Australia
10,000 3,049
N Hydro, Oseberg

TVD (m)
EM, Nigeria Phillips, China Ratio = 4

EM, Excalibur Statoil, Sleipner

15,000 4,573
EM, Hibernia BP, Gyda
Ratio = 2

20,000 6,098

Shell, Auger
EM, Mobile Bay
25,000 7,622
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
Horizontal Displacement (ft)
Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)
„ Technology Elements
• Hole cleaning/hydraulics
• High angle drilling
• Torque and drag
• Stuck pipe avoidance
• Wellbore stability
• Lost returns/fracture closure stress
• Drilling fluid considerations Torque & drag
• High end applications/IHQ- quantitative
risk assessment
„ Successful application requires balancing all
of these technologies Wellbore
stability Hole cleaning
Stuck pipe Fluids

Differential sticking
Lost returns/FCS
Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)
• IHQ is applied using Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)
• QRA is a “probabilistic” approach to optimize well design

Controllable Uncertain Process

Parameters Parameters
Specify new well design

Well Path
Use probabilistic input data and

Probability
proprietary drilling design models.
Hole & Casing Optimize drilling parameters and
Depth & Size calculate probability of drilling success
Fracture Gradient for each hole interval.

Mud Weight, Probability Calculate reliability of well design

Flow Rate
Calculate most-likely well cost
Rock Strength
No
Bottomhole Is most-likely cost
Probability

Assembly minimized ?

Yes

Pore Pressure & Optimum

Earth Stresses Design
3D Rotary Steering Systems

Conventional 3D Rotary
Steerable System Steerable System

$$
$$$$
3D Rotary Steering Systems
• 3 Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems offer optimum performance through:
» Proper wellpath placement
» Automated surveying & drilling activities
» Reduced circulating & orienting time
» Smoother wellbore & improved hole cleaning

Rotary Steerable System holds the bit shaft at an offset to the axis of the tool. In this case via a counter rotating
electric motor.

Non Rotating
Steerable Stabilizer Steering Ribs
Rotating Drive Shaft Sleeve
Hydraulic Control Valves

Control electronics
& Inclination sensors
 Torque and Drag Management

„ Software technology is utilized to SA-9 12.25" Hole Section

determine drill string loads and Drag Monitoring Chart
0
rig site “real time” hole condition 1000
Model PU 0.1
monitoring parameters 2000
Rotating Weight
Model PU 0.2
• Rig site gathering and plotting 3000
Drilling Drilling Model PU 0.3
4000
actual torque and drag data Slack/Off Pick/Up
Model PU 0.4

Measured Depth
5000 Weight Weight
• Real-time Rig-Link data on 6000 Model SO 0.1
engineers desktop 7000 Model SO 0.2

• Plots are analyzed looking for 8000

Model SO 0.3

changing or deteriorating hole 9000

Model SO 0.4
10000
conditions
11000
• Operational decisions based 12000
on data analysis 13000
Better or worse?
14000

15000
S/Off wt P/U wt
16000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Hookload (Klbs - With Blocks)

26
Flex Rig Technology

• New Concept in Land Rig Design

• Rigging up time significantly reduced
• Advanced Skidding Capabilities
• Improved Safety
• Fully Automated Drilling Console

Source : H&P