Design of Walls for 22,000 m3 Capacity Ground Reservoir - Jubilee

3
Design of Wall - for 25,000m Capacity Water Reservoir - (Inner R/f Net - W1,W2,W4) & (Both R/f Nets - W3)
REFERENCE DESCRIPTION SYMBOL UNIT CALCULATION

Length of wall = 60 / 2 = 30 lx m 20 20 20 20 20 20
lz m 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Water height = Wall height = 5m m 5 5 5 5 5 5
lx/ lz 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
lx/ lz > 2 One way spanning
3
Water Density kN/m 12 12 12 12 12 12
3
Soil density kN/m 18 18 18 18 18 18
Angle of friction Deg. 30 30 30 30 30 30
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec kN/m 28 28 28 28 28 28
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Es kN/m 200 200 200 200 200 200
Minimum Cover mm 40 40 40 40 40 40
2
Characteristic strength of Concrete N/mm 25 25 25 25 25 25
Distance from bottom of wall x m 0 1 2 3 4 5
Wall thickness h mm 600 550 500 450 400 350
Assumed Vertical bar diameter mm 20 20 20 20 20 20
Assumed Horizontal bar diameter mm 16 16 16 16 12 12
Effective depth for Vertical bar mm 534 484 434 384 338 288
Effective depth for Horizontal bar mm 552 502 452 402 354 304
Water load per meter width kN 150 120 90 60 30 0
Safety factor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Section 5.2 of this
Bending moments=[1.5*12*(5-x)3/6] Muls kNm 375 192 81 24 3 0
Report

Shear force = [1.5*12*(5-x)2/2] Suls kN 210 134.4 75.6 33.6 8.4 0

3
Bending moments=[12*(5-x) /6] Msls kNm 182 86 31 7 0.3 0
2
Shear force = [12*(5-x) /2] Ssls kN 121.5 73.5 37.5 13.5 1.5 0
Section 5.2.2 of this Direct Tension per 1m width :
Report Tuls = 1.4* 0 8
(8-x)10 x.dx /8 Tuls kN 70.0 62.7 45.4 24.6 7.3 0.0
8
Tsls = 0 (8-x)10 x.dx / 8 Tsls kN 50.0 44.8 32.4 17.6 5.2 0.0
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
1. Reinforcements to carry vertical bending moment
Mult kNm 375 192 81 24 3 0
2
BS 8110 P1 K = M/bd fcu 0.053 0.033 0.017 0.007 0.001 0.000
2
Cl. 3.4.4.4 K = M/bd fcu < 0.156 No Compression Reinforcements required
1/2
z = d([0.5+(0.25 -K/0.9) ] mm 501 466 426 381 338 288
0.95d mm 507 460 412 365 321 274
As = M/0.87fy z mm /m 2
1714 943 436 144 20 0
2. Reinforcements to carry horizontal direct tension
As = Tuls/0.95fy mm2/m 160 144 104 56 17 0
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE
Msls kNm 182 86 31 7 0 0
2
M/bd 0.64 0.37 0.17 0.05 0.00 0.00
Crack width limitation
Assume Vertical Bar Dia. mm 20 20 20 16 16 16
Assume Vertical Bar Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Assume Horizontal Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 16 12 12
2
Steel area (Vertical bar) mm /m 3143 3143 3143 2011 2011 2011
d mm 534 484 434 386 340 290
ρ = As (prov.)/bd 0.0059 0.0065 0.0072 0.0052 0.0059 0.0069
2
αe = Es/Ec N/mm 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
1/2
x/d = αe ρ [(1+2/αeρ ) - 1] 0.335 0.348 0.363 0.319 0.335 0.357
z = d(1- x/3d) 474.5 427.9 381.5 345.0 302.0 255.5
Msls kNm 182 86 31 7 0 0
2
Appx B2 fst = Ms/zAs N/mm 122.2 63.8 26.1 9.7 0.4 -0.5
2
BS 8007 fst allowable = 0.8fy N/mm 368 368 368 368 368 368
fst < fst allowable Satisfactory
X =( x/d)*d 179 168 158 123 114 104
fcb = 2Ms/bxz 4.3 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
fcb allowable = 0.45 fcu 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25
fcb < fcb allowable Satisfactory
Appx B4 Є1 = (h-x)*fst/(d-x)*Es 0.00072 0.00039 0.00016 0.00006 0.00000 0.00000
BS 8007 Є2 = b(h-x)(a'-x)/3EsAs(d-x) 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
Appx B3 Єm = Є1 - Є2 0.00046 0.00014 -0.00006 -0.00028 -0.00030 0.00000
2 2 1/2
Appx B2 acr = [(S/2) +(Cmin+Dv/2+Dh) ] -Dv/2 72.8 72.8 72.8 73.2 70.1 70.1
 w = (3*acr*Єm)/[1+2((acr-Cmin)/(h-x)] 0.087 0.026 -0.012 -0.050 -0.052 0.000
w < wmax = 0.2mm Serviceability O.K.
Reinforcements to Carry Horizontal Direct tension
Ast = Tst / fst mm2/m 385 345 249 135 40 0
Reinforcements to resist Shrinkage and Thermal movement in immature concrete
fct N/mm2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
2
fb N/mm 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
fct/fb 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67
Minimum steel ratio in each surface zone ρcri 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
h mm 600 550 500 450 400 350
2
Ac mm 300000 275000 250000 225000 200000 175000
As min = ρcri *Ac mm2 1043 957 870 783 696 609
As min < As provi Satisfactory
T1 ºC 49 49 49 49 49 49
T2 ºC 8 8 8 8 8 8
Coefficient of thermal expansion of
RHB 18.1.7 α 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
immature concrete
Restrain Factor R 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Vertical bar Diameter Ø ver mm 20 20 20 16 16 16
Horizontal bar Diameter Ø hori mm 16 16 16 16 12 12
ρ = (fct/fb)*(Ø/2wmax)*R*α*(T1+T2) ρ ver 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076
ρ hori 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 0.0057 0.0057
As vertical(required) =ρ ver* Ac mm2/m 2850 2613 2375 1710 1520 1330
As vertical(provided) mm2/m 3143 3143 3143 2011 2011 2011
As vertical(provided) > As vertical(required) Satisfactory
2
As horizontal(required) =ρ hori* Ac mm /m 2280 2090 1900 1710 1140 998
Horizontal bar Diameter Ø hori mm 16 16 16 16 12 12
Select horizontal bar spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
As horizontal(provided) mm2/m 2011 2011 2011 2011 1131 1131
As horizontal(provided) > As horizontal(required) Satisfactory
Check for Deflection
T 3.9
BS 8110 Basic Span/Depth (cantilever) 7 7 7 7 7 7
2
fst from crack width calculation N/mm 122 64 26 10 0 0
Modification factor for tension
T 3.10 BS 8110
reinforcement
F = 0.55+[(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd2)] < 2 1.72 2.05 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
100As prov /bd 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.52 0.59 0.69
Modification factor for compression
T 3.11 BS 8110 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.14 1.16 1.2
reinforcement
Cl. 2.2.3.4 BS 8007 T- Modification factor for trangular load 1 1 1 1 1 1
9/18 Design of water
retaining structures - Ian Allowable Span/Depth 13.7 16.7 16.5 16.0 16.2 16.8
Batty
Effective depth d mm 534 484 434 386 340 290
Actual span/Depth 9.4 8.3 6.9 5.2 2.9 3.4
(Allowable Span/Depth) > (Actual Span/Depth) Deflection Check : Ok
Check for Ultimate Shear
Ultimate Shear force Vult kN 210 134 76 34 8 0
2
Shear Stress v = V/bd v N/mm 0.39 0.28 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.00
Cl. 2.7.6.4
BS 8110 0.8* (fcu)1/2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
1/2 2
v < 0.8* (fcu) or 5 N/mm Satisfactory
100As prov /bd < 3 0.589 0.649 0.724 0.521 0.592 0.694
400/d < 1 0.75 0.83 0.92 1.04 1.18 1.38
ɤm 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
1/3 1/4
T 3.8 Vc = 0.79[(100As/(bvd)] (400/d) /ɤm 0.53 0.55 0.57 0.51 0.53 0.56
BS 8110-P1 v < vc No Shear Reinforcements required
Anchorage Bond Stress
T 2.26
BS 8110 P1 Bond Coefficient β 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Cl. 3.12.8.4 Ultimate Anchorage bond stress
BS 8110 P1 fbu = 0.7 β (fcu)0.5 fbu 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Cl. 3.12.8.3
BS 8110 P1 fb = Fs/π Øe l, fb < fbu, l > Fs/πØfbu
Fs = 0.95fy (πØ2)/4
l > (0.95fyØ)/(4fbu)
Vertical bar l> mm 1249 1249 1249 999 999 999
Horizontal bar l> mm 999 999 999 999 749 749
Lap Length
Cl. 3.12.8.11 Minimum lap length >15Ø or 300mm Vertical mm 300 300 300 300 300 300
BS 8110 P1 whichever greater Horizontalmm 240 240 240 240 240 240
Cl. 3.12.8.13 Tension laps > Design tension Vertical mm 1249 1249 1249 999 999 999
BS 8110 P1 anchorage length Horizontalmm 999 999 999 999 749 749
Bar spacing Vertical mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Horizontalmm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Bar spacing < Thickness of the section or 300mm
Summary of Reinforcement Required
Vertical Reinforcement
R/F to carry BM at ULS mm2 1714 943 436 144 20 0
2
R/F to carry BM at SLS (Option 2) mm 3143 3143 3143 2011 2011 2011
R/F to carry Shrinkage & Thermal
mm2 2850 2613 2375 1710 1520 1330
movement in immature concrete
Horizontal Reinforcement
R/F to carry Direct tension at ULS mm2 160 144 104 56 17 0
2
R/F to carry Direct tension at SLS mm 385 345 249 135 40 0
R/F to carry Shrinkage & Thermal
mm2 2280 2090 1900 1710 1140 997.5
movement in immature concrete
Summary of Reinforcement provided
Distance from Bottom 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
Vertical Reinforcement mm 3143 3143 3143 2011 2011 2011
Bar Dia. 20 20 20 16 16 16
Spacing 100 100 100 100 100 100
2
Horizontal Reinforcement mm 2011 2011 2011 2011 1131 1131
Bar Dia. 16 16 16 16 12 12
Spacing 100 100 100 100 100 100

Design of Wall - for 25,000m3 Capacity Water Reservoir - (aerator wa12

REFERENCE DESCRIPTION SYMBOL UNIT CALCULATION

lx m 20 20 20 20 20 20
lz m 5 5 5 5 5 5
Water height=Wall height m 5 5 5 5 5 5
lx/ lz 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
lx/ lz > 2 One way spanning
3
Water Density kN/m 12 12 12 12 12 12
3
Saturated Soil density kN/m 20 20 20 20 20 20
Angle of friction Deg. 30 30 30 30 30 30
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Ec kN/m 28 28 28 28 28 28
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Es kN/m 200 200 200 200 200 200
Minimum Cover mm 40 40 40 40 40 40
2
Characteristic strength of Concrete N/mm 25 25 25 25 25 25
Distance from bottom of wall x m 0 1 2 3 4 5
Wall thickness h mm 600 550 500 450 400 350
Assumed Vertical bar diameter mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Assumed Horizontal bar diameter mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Effective depth for Vertical bar mm 536 486 436 392 342 292
Effective depth for Horizontal bar mm 552 502 452 404 354 304
5.2 of this report Soil (Saturated ) pressure per meter width kN 55 55 55 0 0 0
Although SF & BM reduces with increase in X, SF & BM at bottom
(highest values) were considered for entire soil height as the values
are small.
Safety factor 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
5.2 of this report Bending moments Muls kNm 77.0 77.0 77.0 0 0 0
5.2 of this report Shear force Suls kN 88.2 88.2 88.2 0 0 0
5.2 of this report Bending moments Msls kNm 55.0 55.0 55.0 0 0 0
5.2 of this report Shear force Ssls kN 63 63.0 63.0 0 0 0
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
1. Reinforcements to carry vertical bending moment
Mult kNm 77 77 77 0 0 0
2
BS 8110 P1 K = M/bd fcu 0.011 0.013 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000
2
Cl. 3.4.4.4 K = M/bd fcu < 0.156 No Compression Reinforcements required
1/2
z = d([0.5+(0.25 -K/0.9) ] mm 530 479 428 392 342 292
0.95d mm 509 462 414 372 325 277
2
As = M/0.95fy* z mm /m 340 376 421 0 0 0
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE
Msls kNm 55 55 55 0 0 0
 M/bd2 0.19 0.23 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
Option 2: Crack width limitation
Assume Vertical Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Assume Vertical Bar Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Assume Horizontal Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
2
Steel area (Vertical bar) mm /m 2213 2213 2213 1245 1245 1245
d mm 536 486 436 392 342 292
ρ = As (prov.)/bd 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004
2
αe = Es/Ec N/mm 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
1/2
x/d = αe ρ [(1+2/αeρ ) - 1] 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.26 0.27 0.29
z = d(1- x/3d) 484.3 437.2 390.2 358.1 310.7 263.4
Msls kNm 55 55 55 0 0 0
2
Appx B2 fst = Ms/zAs N/mm 51 57 64 0 0 0
2
BS 8007 fst allowable = 0.8fy N/mm 368 368 368 368 368 368
fst < fst allowable Satisfactory
X =( x/d)*d 155 146 137 102 94 86
fcb = 2Ms/bxz 1.5 1.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
fcb allowable = 0.45 fcu 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25 11.25
fcb < fcb allowable Satisfactory
Appx B4 Є1 = (h-x)*fst/(d-x)*Es 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
BS 8007 Є2 = b(h-x)(a'-x)/3EsAs(d-x) 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005
Appx B3 Єm = Є1 - Є2 0.00000 0.00000 0.00006 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
2 2 1/2
Appx B2 acr = [(S/2) +(Cmin+Dv/2+Dh) ] -Dv/2 73.2 73.2 73.2 70.6 70.6 70.6
w = (3*acr*Єm)/[1+2((acr-Cmin)/(h-x)] 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000
w < wmax = 0.2mm Serviceability O.K.
Reinforcements to resist Shrinkage and Thermal movement in immature concrete
fct N/mm2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
2
fb N/mm 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
fct/fb 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67

Minimum steel ratio in each surface zone ρcri 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

h mm 600 550 500 450 400 350

2
Ac mm 300000 275000 250000 225000 200000 175000
2
As min = ρcri *Ac mm 1043 957 870 783 696 609
As min < As provi Satisfactory
T1 ºC 45 45 45 45 45 45
T2 ºC 8 8 8 8 8 8
Coefficient of thermal expansion of
RHB 18.1.7 α 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
immature concrete
Restrain Factor R 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Vertical bar Diameter Ø ver mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Horizontal bar Diameter Ø hori mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
ρ = (fct/fb)*(Ø/2wmax)*R*α*(T1+T2) ρ ver 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053
ρ hori 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053
2
As vertical(required) =ρ ver* Ac mm /m 2120 1943 1767 1193 1060 928
2
As vertical(provided) mm /m 2213 2213 2213 1245 1245 1245
As vertical(provided) > As vertical(required) Satisfactory
2
As horizontal(required) =ρ hori* Ac mm /m 2120 1943.33 1766.67 1192.5 1060 927.5
Horizontal bar Diameter Ø hori mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Select horizontal bar spacing mm 125 125 125 125 125 125
2
As horizontal(provided) mm /m 1609 1609 1609 905 905 905
As horizontal(provided) > As horizontal(required) Satisfactory
Check for Deflection
T 3.9
BS 8110 Basic Span/Depth (cantilever) 7 7 7 7 7 7
2
fst from crack width calculation N/mm 51 57 64 0 0 0
Modification factor for tension
T 3.10 BS 8110
reinforcement
F = 0.55+[(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd2)] < 2 2.76 2.66 2.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
100As prov /bd 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.32 0.36 0.43
Modification factor for compression
T 3.11 BS 8110 1.2 1.15 1.16 1.14 1.18 1.18
reinforcement
Cl. 2.2.3.4 BS
Modification factor for trangular load 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
8007
Allowable Span/Depth 29.0 26.8 20.3 20.0 20.7 31.0
Effective depth d mm 536 486 436 392 342 292
Actual span/Depth 9.3 10.3 11.5 12.8 14.6 17.1
(Allowable Span/Depth) > (Actual Span/Depth) Deflection check : Ok
Check for Ultimate Shear
 Ultimate Shear force Vult kN 88 88 88 0 0 0
2
Shear Stress v = V/bd v N/mm 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cl. 2.7.6.4
BS 8110 0.8* (fcu)1/2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
1/2 2
v < 0.8* (fcu) or 5 N/mm Satisfactory
100As prov /bd < 3 0.413 0.455 0.507 0.317 0.364 0.426
400/d < 1 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ɤm 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
1/3 1/4
T 3.8 Vc = 0.79[(100As/(bvd)] (400/d) /ɤm 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.43 0.47 0.51
BS 8110-P1 v < vc No Shear Reinforcements required
Anchorage Bond Stress
T 2.26
BS 8110 P1 Bond Coefficient β 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Cl. 3.12.8.4 Ultimate Anchorage bond stress
BS 8110 P1 fbu = 0.7* β* (fcu)0.5 fbu 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Cl. 3.12.8.3
BS 8110 P1 fb = Fs/π Øe l, fb < fbu, l > Fs/πØfbu
Fs = 0.95fy (πØ2)/4
l > (0.95fyØ)/(4fbu)
Vertical bar l> mm 999 999 999 749 749 749
Horizontal bar l> mm 999 999 999 749 749 749
Lap Length
Cl. 3.12.8.11 Minimum lap length >15Ø or 300mm Vertical mm 240 240 240 300 300 300
BS 8110 P1 whichever greater Horizontalmm 240 240 240 240 240 240
Cl. 3.12.8.13 Tension laps > Design tension Vertical mm 999 999 999 749 749 749
BS 8110 P1 anchorage length Horizontalmm 999 999 999 749 749 749
Bar spacing Vertical mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Horizontalmm 125 125 125 125 125 125
Bar spacing < Thickness of the section or 300mm
Summary of Reinforcement Required
Vertical Reinforcement
R/F to carry BM at ULS mm2 340 376 421 0 0 0
2
R/F to carry BM at SLS (Option 1) mm #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
2
R/F to carry BM at SLS (Option 2) mm 2213 2213 2213 1245 1245 1245
R/F to carry Shrinkage & Thermal
mm2 2120 1943 1767 1193 1060 928
movement in immature concrete
Horizontal Reinforcement
R/F to carry Shrinkage & Thermal
mm2 2120 1943.33 1766.67 1192.5 1060 927.5
movement in immature concrete
Summary of Reinforcement provided
Vertical Reinforcement mm2 2213 2213 2213 1245 1245 1245
Bar Dia. 16 16 16 12 12 12
Spacing 100 100 100 100 100 100
2
Horizontal Reinforcement mm 1609 1609 1609 905 905 905
Bar Dia. 16 16 16 12 12 12
Spacing 125 125 125 125 125 125

Summary of R/f Provided in Walls

Wall - W1, W2, W4 - Inner R/f Net
Distance from Bottom 0 1 2 3 4 5
Vertical Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 20 20 20 16 16 16
Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Horizontal Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 16 12 12
Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100

Wall - W3 - Both R/f Nets

Distance from Bottom (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Vertical Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 32 32 25 25 25 25
Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100
Horizontal Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 20 20 20 20 16 16
Spacing mm 100 100 100 100 100 100

Wall - W1, W2, W4 - Outer R/f Net

Distance from Bottom (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Vertical Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Spacing mm 125 125 125 125 125 125
Horizontal Reinforcement
Bar Dia. mm 16 16 16 12 12 12
Spacing mm 125 125 125 125 125 125