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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 1 (DC) LAB
LAB REPORT
Abstract: There are two sections in this experiment. In the first circuit Kirchhoff s Voltage Law
(KVL) will be verified and in the second Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) will be verified
Introduction:
The main objective of this experiment was to verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) law. In doing so, followings were performed:
Figure-1
Analysis of KVL circuit
For doing a complete analysis of KVL, with the given values of circuit parameters follow the
following steps:
I = E / (R1+R2+R3)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL): Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) in a DC circuit states that,"
the algebraic sum of the currents entering and leaving an area, system or junction is
zero”. In other word, "the sum of the currents entering an area, system or junction
must be equal the sum of the currents leaving the area, system or junction”. In equation
form,
∑ I Entering = ∑ I leaving
Figure-2
I= E/Req
∑ I Entering = ∑ I leaving or I = I1 + I2 + I3
Apparatus:
1. Resistors
2. Connecting wire
3. Trainer Board
4. AVO meter or Multimeter
5. DC source
Precautions:
1. The circuit was connected so carefully.
2. Before connecting supply with the circuit, the whole connection
diagram was checked.
Experimental Procedure:
1. The circuit was connected as shown in the figure 1.
2. The voltage was measured across each elements of the circuit.
3. The following table was filled with necessary calculations.
4. The circuit was connected as shown in the figure 2.
5. The current across each branches of the circuit was measured.
6. The following table was filled with necessary calculations.
Simulation and Measurement:
R1 R2 R3
V
10 V
V
10 V R1 R2 R3
2.177kΩ 3.365kΩ 0.975kΩ
V V1 V2 V3 V=V1+V2+V3
C M C M C M C M C M %Error
No.
R1 R2 R3 =
of
KΩ KΩ KΩ %(mv-
obs.
cv)/cv
V V V V V V V V V V
01 2.177 3.365 0.975 10 10.04 3.34 3.339 5.163 5.18 1.496 1.5 10 10.04 0.40%
Table-2
I I1 I2 I3 I=I1+I2+I3
%Error
No C M C M C M C M C M
R1 R2 R3 =
of
KΩ KΩ KΩ %(mv-
obs
cv)/cv
A A A A A A A A A A
2.17 3.36 0.97 0.01 0.017 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.010 0.01 0.01 0.017
01 0.30%
7 5 5 78 82 6 59 98 97 29 03 78 8
Calculations:
For KVL:
R1 = 2.177 KΩ = 2.177 × 103 Ω
R2 = 3.365 KΩ = 3.365× 103 Ω
R3 = 0.975 KΩ = 0.975× 103 Ω
V = 10 V
R = R1+R2+R3 = (2.177+3.365+0.975) KΩ = 6.517 KΩ = 6517 Ω
V 10
I= = 6517
A = 1.53445 × 10-3 A
Now,
V1 = I×R1 = 1.53445 × 10-3 × 2.177 × 103 = 3.34 V
V2 = I×R2 = 1.53445 × 10-3 ×3.365× 103 =5.163 V
V3 = I×R3 = 1.53445 × 10-3 ×0.975× 103 =1.496 V
So,
V1+V2+V3 = 3.34 + 5.163 + 1.496 = 10 V
For KCL:
R1 = 2.177 KΩ = 2.177 × 103 Ω
R2 = 3.365 KΩ = 3.365× 103 Ω
R3 = 0.975 KΩ = 0.975× 103 Ω
V = 10 V
= ( .
+
.
+
.
)-1
= 561.1 Ω
We know,
V = IR
10
∴I= = = 0.01782 A
561.1
10
I1 = = = 4.5935 × 10-3 A
1 2.177×103
10
I2 = = = 2.9718 × 10-3 A
2 3.365×103
10
I3 = = = 10.2564 × 10-3 A
3 0.975×103
Result:
In KVL:
Theoretical value:
V = 10 V,
and V1+V2+V3 = 3.34 + 5.163 + 1.496 = 10 V .
Meter value:
V = 10.04 V,
V1+V2+V3 = 3.339 + 5.18 + 1.5 = 10.019 V
In KCL:
Theoretical value:
I1=4.5935 × 10-3 A , I2=2.9718 × 10-3 A, I3= 10.2564 × 10-3 A.
∴ I1 + I2 I3 =4.5935 × 10-3 + 2.9718 × 10-3 + 10.2564 × 10-3 = 0.0178 A = I
Meter value:
Discussion:
1. The data/findings were interpreted and determine to the extent to
which the experiment was successful in complying.
2. The goal was initially set.
3. The ways of the study could have been improved, investigated and
described.
Conclusion: In this experiment KVL and KCL was observed and verified.
Reference: [1] Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, 10th Edition.