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Chapter 7 in a nutshell
W F d
W K
P W / T
New Concept:
Kinetic Energy
K = ½ m V2
But, from the definition of kinetic energy, the units are also,
1 Joule = 1 Kg-m2/s2
Table 7-1
Typical Values of Work
Fx = F cos
W = D * F cos
Figure 7-3
Force at an Angle to Direction of Motion: Another Look
I’ve got work to do….
F = Mg
W=F*y=MgH
F = Mg
y
W=F*y
= - MgH
F = Mg
Positive or Negative?
Work done by gravity.
Fg = - Mg
Work “done by force of gravity” is
positive when an object is dropped.
y = - H
Problem 7-77
W = 50J, given v, F, x.
What is theta?
What is M?
1 1
W F (cos )d W K m(vf 2 vi 2 ) mvf 2
2 2
W
cos
Fd
W
cos1
Fd
50.0 J 2W 2(50.0 J)
cos 1 m 14.8 kg
2.60
2 2
(45.0 N)(1.50 m) vf m
s
42.2
Figure 7-4
Positive, Negative, and Zero Work
Raindrops are falling on my
head….
W F y
( Mg ) ( H )
MgH
V1
F = - Mg y = -H W K
1 1
Mv22 Mv12
2 2
V2
1
MgH M (v22 v12 )
2
Special case: Object dropped from
rest.
Mass M dropped from height H. What
is speed just before hitting the
ground? (Neglect friction of air)
-Mg
W=MgH
H W=K=1/2 M v2
v 2 gH
Thought provoking: The inclined plane.
H
But a = g sin
2L And L = H/sin
V=at
so va
L=1/2 a t2 a So…
2aL v 2 gH
Distance
Back to our Spring Flings.
F = K x
How much work is done to move the
block?
Be careful with the signs of the
forces!
F = -K x The force to move the block must be
equal and opposite to the force of
F=Kx the spring on the block.
Force
W=½FX
W = ½ K X2
W = MgH
V = + 5 m/s
M = 1 kg
V = -5 m/s
1. 12.5 J
2. 5J
3. Zero
4. Either zero or 12.5J,
depends on your frame of
reference.
The Power to overcome Friction.
Work is Force times distance. Power is Work per unit time.
Frictional Force, Ff = N
Total work is just the sum of the work for each spring.
1 1
W K1 x 2 K 2 x 2
2 2
1
K1 K 2 x 2
2
And this one?
This is harder. The two x x1 x2
springs DO NOT stretch the
same distance (they have
F1 k1 x1
different K values). F2 k 2 x2
F1 F2
x
k1 k 2
1 1
x F
But F1 = F2 (why?), so let it be called F. k1 k 2
So, can create an effective spring constant, Keff,
1
1 1 1
keff
1 1 k1 k 2
k k
1 2
1
Then, we can apply the usual formula: W keff x 2
2