LAB REPORT NUMBER 06

Kirchhoff’s Voltage & Current Law

Group Members

 Muhammad Aqib Roll Number 190527

 Rahat Asif Khan Roll Number 190569
 Bakhtawar Fatima Roll Number 191849
 Hira Nawaz Roll Number 190519

BACHELORS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(TELECOM 1-B)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AIR UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
 Kirchhoff’s Voltage & Current Law
Objective:
 The purpose of this experiment is to verify Ohm’s Law using resistor in a circuit.
 To get familiar with the series and parallel circuits.
 Also, to get to understand the principals under Kirchhoff’s Laws (Current & Voltage).

Apparatus:
S.NO COMPONENTS RATING QUANTITY
1. Ammeter Digital Multimeter 1
2. Voltmeter
4. Resistor R1=? R2=? R3=? R4=? 4
5. Breadboard - 1
6. Connecting Wires - Few
7. Trainer - 1

Introduction:
The principal of Physics where the electric current passing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage across it keeping in mind that the temperature is kept constant as well
as the resistance this theory is known is Ohm’s Law. Ohm’s Law can be used to solve simple
circuit’s resistive electronic circuits.
Ohm’s Law is given by:
V=IR
Where “V” is equal to voltage between two points which include resistance “R” and “I” is
the current flowing through resistance.

Property SI Units
Voltage Volts (V)
Current Ampere (A)
Resistance Ohms (Ω)

Kirchhoff’s circuit laws are two equations that address the conservation of energy and charge
in context of electrical circuits. Kirchhoff’s laws are two equations first published by Gustav
Kirchhoff in 1845.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law:
States that any node in an electrical circuit, the sum of the current entering into that node
is equal to the current leaving from that node.

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:

States that the algebraic sum of the voltages across any set of branches in a closed loop is
equal to zero.

Experimental Methods:
Kirchhoff’s Law:
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:
 Kirchhoff's voltage law (2nd Law) states that the sum of all voltages around any closed
loop in a circuit must equal zero. This is a consequence of charge conservation and also
conservation of energy.
 In this lab experiment we had to use ohmmeter to measure and record the value of the
resistance R1, R2, R3 and R4.
 Then after recording the values we had connected it to the circuit.
  As the circuit the circuit was formed, the next necessary step was to switch on the DC
power supply.
 For the values of R1, R2, R3 and R4, we had to record the values of VT, V1, V2, V3, and V4
and I.
 Then we were asked to check whether the RT = R1+ R2+R3+R4
 Also, we checked of VT=V1 +V2+V3+ V4

Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

 Kirchhoff's current law (1st Law) states that current flowing into a node (or a junction)
must be equal to current flowing out of it. This is a consequence of charge conservation.
 We used Ohmmeter and measured and recorded the value of Resistance R1, R2, R3 and R4.
 Then we connected the circuit as shown below.

 We switched the DC power supply

 For the given values of R1 and R2 we recorded the reading for VT, V1, V2, I1, I2 and I.
 Check RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +1/R4
 Verify IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
 Voltage across parallel resistor should be same.

Observation and Calculation:

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:
Colour Coded Values,
R1 = 22KΩ ± 5%
R2 = 2.2 Ω ± 5%
R3 = 22KΩ ± 5%
R4 = 10Ω ± 5%
Req = 44KΩ ± 5%
Measured Values,
R1 = 22.0KΩ ± 5% R3 = 22.0KΩ ± 5%
R2 = 2.2 Ω ± 5% R4 = 10Ω ± 5%
Req = 44KΩ ± 5%
Measured Values of Voltage:
V1 = 2.52 V
V2 = 0.2 V
V3 = 2.52 V
V4 = 1.14 V
Vs = 6.36 V
Calculated Values of Voltage:
 V1 = I R1 = 0.113 × 22000 = 2.50 V  I =V/R
 V2 = I R2 = 0.113 × 2.2 = 0.2 V =5/44
=0.113
 V1 = I R3 = 0.113 × 22000 = 2.50 V
 V1 = I R4 = 0.113 × 10 = 1.13 V
o Vs = 6.36 V

(Conclusion) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law:

Kirchhoff's voltage law (2nd Law) states that the sum of all voltages around
any closed loop in a circuit must equal zero. This is a consequence of charge
conservation and also conservation of energy.
Vs = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 Vs = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4

Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

Measured Values of Current:

IR1 = 135 mA
IR2 = 207 mA
 IR3 = 56.1 mA
IR4 = 207 mA
IEq = 605.1 mA

Equivalent Resistance:
1/ REq = 1/ R1 +1/ R2 +1/ R3 +1/ R4
=1/ 22000 +1/ 2.2 +1/ 22000 +1/ 10
=1/91.45
REq =0.0109Ω

Calculated Values of Current:

I1 = V1/R1 = 135 mA
I2 = V1/R1 = 206 mA
I3 = V1/R1 = 57 mA
I4 = V1/R1 = 206 mA
IEq = 605 mA

(Conclusion) Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

Kirchhoff's current law (1st Law) states that current flowing into a node (or a
junction) must be equal to current flowing out of it. This is a consequence of
charge conservation.

Is = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 Is = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4

The End