

‫א‬
‫א‬
A, B, C
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –A‫א‬
Triangles & trigonometry

1 - Right triangle : ‫ﻣﺜﻠــّــﺚ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬

B

c a

A
b C

c2 = a2 + b2

a – Angle of a triangle:

Aˆ + Bˆ + Cˆ = 180 0

Aˆ + Bˆ = 90 0

A ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬ a
sin A = = = cos B
‫اﻟﻮﺗﺮ‬ c

A ‫ ﻣﺠﺎور اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬b
cos A = = = sin B
‫اﻟﻮﺗﺮ‬ c

A ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬ a
tan A = = = cot B
A ‫ ﻣﺠﺎور اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬b

- ١٩٥ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

 WGeneral trigonometric Formulas J٢

 
∀α : α‫א‬‫א‬

≤ sinα ≤ +1١ J
≤ cosα ≤ +1١ J
 
Sinα2 + cosα2 = 1

2
sin α = 1 - cos α

cos α = 1 - sin 2 α

α 00 300 450 600 900

sinα 0 0.5 0.707 0.866 1
cosα 1 0.866 0.707 0.5 0
tanα 0 0.577 1 1.732 ∞

3 -Oblique Triangle : ‫א‬

c a

A C
b

- ١٩٦ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

a – Angle of a triangle:

Aˆ + Bˆ + Cˆ = 180 0

b – Sine laws:

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

c – Cosine laws:

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2 bc cos A

b 2 = a 2 + c 2 - 2 ac cos B

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2 ab cos C

d - Equality of two angles:

α
α λ

β
θ
θ
β

λ
α

- ١٩٧ -
  ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JB‫א‬
Moments of Inertia

 
y´
y Area = A = bh  
‫ – ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬١

bh 3 bh3  
Ix = I x' =
h C
x 12 3  
hb 3 hb3  
x´ Iy = I y' =
b 12 3  
 
 
y
D2  
A=π = πR 2
‫– ﻣﻘﻄﻊ داﺋــﺮى‬٢

∆ 4  
R
c
x I x = I y = I∆ = I  
 
D4 R4
I=π =π  
D 64 4
 

y
‫– ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﺮغ‬٣

Area = BH − bh  
x
3
BH − bh 3
 
H h
C Ix =
12  
HB 3 − hb 3  
Iy =
b 12  
B

- ١٩٨ -
  ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

 
 
 
‫– ﻣﻘﻄﻊ داﺋــﺮي ﻣﻔﺮغ‬٤

y
2 2
∆ A = π(R − r )  
R
Ix = I y = I∆ = I  
r x
c π 4
I= (R − r 4 )  
4  
 
y
 
I ‫– ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬٥

e A = e(2b + h − 2e)
 
3
bh (b − a)(h − 2e) 3

C Ix = −  
x x h 12 12
a  
eb 3 (h − 2e)a 3
Iy = +  
e 6 12
 
y
b  

y
A = e(b − a) + ha
T ‫– ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬٥

a I x = I1 − I 2
3
a(h − y1 ) 3 by1
I1 = +
3 3  
h
x C x (b − a)(y1 − e)3
I2 =
y1 12
e
eb3 (h − e)a 3
b Iy = +
12 12

- ١٩٩ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WC‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
English - ArabicW–

A
Abrupt ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬
Action ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Accuracy ‫دﻗــّـــﺔ‬
Accurate ‫دﻗﻴـــﻖ‬
Advantage ‫ﻣﻴﺰة‬
Algebra ‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺒﺮ‬
Algebraic ‫ﺟﺒﺮي‬
Algebraic equation ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺟﺒﺮﻳّﺔ‬
Algebraic expression ‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺟﺒﺮي‬
Algebraic sum ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺟﺒﺮي‬
Allow ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬
Allowable ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
Ambiguous ‫ ﻏﺎﻣﺾ‬،‫ﻣﻠﺘﺒﺲ‬
Analyze ‫ﻳــﺤــﻠّـﻞ‬
Analysis of sections ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
Structural analysis ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻳﻞ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
Analytical ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬
Angle ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
Right angle ‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
Answer ‫ ﺟﻮاب‬،‫إﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
Apex ‫ رأس‬،‫ﻗــﻤــّﺔ‬
Applied force (‫ﻗﻮّة ﻣﻄﺒّﻘﺔ )ﻣﺆﺛّﺮة‬
Application ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
Approximate ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬
Arc ‫ﻗﻮس‬
Area ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
Area of cross-section ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Compound area ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺮآّﺒﺔ‬
Arm ‫ذراع‬
Arrow ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
Assume ‫ﻳـُﻔــﺘﺮض‬
Assumption ‫اﻓﺘﺮاض‬
Available ‫ﻣـُـــﺘـﺎح‬
Average ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـــّـــﻂ‬
Axes ‫ﻣﺤﺎور‬
Axial ‫ﻣﺤﻮري‬
axis ‫ﻣﺤﻮر‬

B
Balanced ‫ﻣﺘﻮازن‬

- ٢٠٠ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Bar ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ‬
Base ‫ أﺳــﺎس‬، ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
Base line ‫ﺧﻂ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
Beam ‫آﻤﺮة‬
Compound beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻣﺮآّﺒﺔ‬
Conjugate beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻗﺮﻳﻦ‬
Continuous beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮّة‬
Cross beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻋﺮﺿﻴّﺔ‬
Deep beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬
Overhanging beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻧﺎﺗﺌﺔ‬
Simple beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
Statically determinate beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻣﺤﺪّدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴّﺎ‬
Statically indeterminate beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪّدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴّــﺎ‬
Bearing ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
Bearing stress ‫إﺟﻬﺎد ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
Behavior ‫ﺳﻠـــﻮك‬
Bending ‫إﻧﺤﻨــــﺄء‬
Bending moment ‫ﻋﺰم اﻧﺤﻨــــﺎء‬
Bending rigidity ‫ﺻﻼدة اﻧﺤﻨــﺎء‬
Bending stress ‫إﺟﻬﺎد اﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
Body ‫ﺟﺴــــﻢ‬
Free body ‫ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺣ ّﺮ‬، ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻊ‬
Rigid body ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺪ‬
Bolt ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﻟﻮﻟﺒﻲ‬
Bond ‫رﺑﺎط‬
Boundary ‫ﺣﺪود‬
Boundary conditions ‫ﺷﺮوط ﺣﺪودﻳّــﺔ‬
Brace ‫ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬، ‫ﺷﻜﺎل‬
Bridge ‫ﺟـــﺴـــﺮ‬
Brittle ‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺼـّــﻒ‬، ‫ﻗﺼﻒ‬
Brittleness ‫ ﺗﻘــﺼـّـﻒ‬، ‫ﻗﺼﺎﻓﺔ‬
Buckling ‫اﻧﺒــــــﻌــﺎج‬
Buckling load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬
Building ‫ﻣـــﺒــﻨﻰ‬
Building materials ‫ﻣــﻮاد ﺑﻨـــﺎء‬

C
Calculus ‫ﺣــــﺴــﺎب‬
Cantilever ‫آـــﺎﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬
Centre ‫ﻣـــﺮآﺰ‬
Centre line ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
Centric ‫ﻣﺮآﺰي‬
Centeroid ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
Centeroidal ‫ﻣﺮآﺰي‬
Change ‫ﺗـــﻐــﻴـّﺮ‬
Check ‫ﺗﺪﻗــﻴــﻖ‬
Chord ‫وﺗــــــــــــﺮ‬
Circumference ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺪّاﺋــﺮة‬
Classification ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

- ٢٠١ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Clockwise ‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ دوران ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

Coefficient ‫ﻣـــﻌــﺎﻣــﻞ‬
Coincide ‫ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬
Collapse ‫ ﻳﻨﻬــﺎر‬،‫اﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬
Column (columns) (‫ﻋﻤــﻮد )أﻋــﻤــﺪة‬
Long column ‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
Short column ‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬
Slender column ‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﻧﺤﻴﻒ‬
Compatibility ‫ ﺗﻨﺎﻏﻢ‬،‫اﻧﺴﺠﺎم‬
Compatibility conditions ‫ﺷﺮوط اﻧﺴﺠﺎم‬
Compatible ‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻏﻢ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ‬
Complementary ‫ﻣﺘــﻤـّـﻢ‬
Common ‫ﺷــﺎﺋــﻊ‬
Component (components) (‫ﻣﺮآّﺒﺔ )ﻣــﺮآّـﺒﺎت‬
Compound ‫ﻣــﺮآـّـــﺐ‬
Composite ‫ﻣـــﺮآـّــﺐ‬
Compression ‫ﺿـــﻐــﻂ‬
Compression member ‫ﻋﻀــﻮ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
Compression side ‫ﺟــﺎﻧــﺐ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
Concave ‫ﻣــﻘــﻌّــﺮ‬
Concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧــﺔ‬
Plain concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳّـﺔ‬
Pre-cast concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
Pre-stressed concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
Reinforced concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠّﺤﺔ‬
Concentrated ‫ﻣــﺮآّــﺰ‬
Concurrent ‫ﻣﺘــﻘﺎﻃــﻊ‬
Condition ‫ﺷﺮط‬
Condition equation ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻴّﺔ‬
Constant ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
Constrained ‫ﻣـــﻘــﻴّـﺪ‬
Contact ‫ ﺗــﻤـﺎس‬، ‫ﺗﻼﻣــﺲ‬
Continuity ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳّــﺔ‬
Continuity conditions ‫ﺷﺮوط اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳّﺔ‬
Continuous ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤ ّﺮ‬
Convex ‫ﻣﺤـــﺪّب‬
Copper ‫ﻧﺤﺎس أﺣﻤﺮ‬
Counterclockwise ‫ﻋﻜﺲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ دوران ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
Convention (conventions) (‫اﺻﻄﻼح )اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت‬
Conventional ‫ﺗــﻘﻠﻴﺪي‬
Corner ‫رآﻦ‬
Corresponding ‫ﻣــُــﻨﺎﺿﺮ‬
Corrosion ‫ﺗــﺂآﻞ‬
Couple ‫إزدواج‬
Cover ‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬
Crack (cracks) (‫ ﺷﺮوخ‬، ‫ ﺷﺮخ )ﺗﺸﻘّﻘﺎت‬، ‫ﺗﺸـﻘـّـﻖ‬
Create ‫ﻳـُﺴﺘﺤﺪث‬
Creep ‫زﺣــــﻒ‬
Critical ‫ﺣـــﺮج‬

- ٢٠٢ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Critical load ‫ﺣــﻤﻞ ﺣﺮج‬

Critical section ‫ﻣـﻘـــﻄﻊ ﺣﺮج‬
Crush ‫ﻳﺴﺤﻖ‬
Crushing ‫ اﻧﺴﺤﺎق‬، ‫ﺳﺤﻖ‬
Curvature ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺲ‬
Radius of curvature ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺲ‬
Curve ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬
Elastic curve ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺮن‬

D
Dead ‫ﻣــﻴّــﺖ‬
Dead load ‫ﺣــﻤــﻞ ﻣﻴّﺖ‬
Deep ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
Definition ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
Deflection ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬
Immediate deflection ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻓﻮري‬
Long-term deflection ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
Deform ‫ﻳﺘﺸﻮّﻩ‬
Deformation (deformations) (‫ﺗﺸﻮّﻩ )ﺗﺸﻮّهـــﺎت‬
Degree ‫درﺟـــﺔ‬
Degree of statical indeterminancy ‫درﺟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
Dependent ‫ﺗﺎﺑــﻊ‬
Depth ‫ﻋــــﻤـــﻖ‬
Derivative ‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻘّﺔ‬. ‫ﻖ‬ ّ ‫ﻣﺸﺘ‬
Fist derivative ‫ﻣﺸﺘــﻘــّــﺔ أوﻟﻰ‬
Second derivative ‫ﻣﺸــﺘــﻘّــﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤــﻴـﻢ‬
Deviation ‫ﺣـَﻴﺪَة‬
Tangential deviation ‫ﺣﻴﺪة ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻴـّـﺔ‬
Diagram ‫ﺗــﺨــﻄـﻴﻂ‬
Bending moment diagram (B.M.D) ( .‫إ‬.‫ع‬.‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻋﺰم اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء )ت‬
Free-body diagram (‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻊ )ﺟﺴﻢ ﺣ ّﺮ‬
Load intensity diagram ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺷﺪّة اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
Normal force diagram (N.F.D) (.‫ ع‬.‫ق‬.‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮّة اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳّﺔ )ت‬
Axial force diagram (A.F.D) (.‫م‬.‫ق‬.‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮّة اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳّﺔ )ت‬
Shearing force diagram (S.F.D) (.‫ق‬.‫ق‬.‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻘﺺ )ت‬
Strain distribution diagram ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل‬
Internal forces diagram ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪّاﺧﻠﻴّﺔ‬
Stress distribution diagram ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻹﺟﻬﺎدات‬
Differential equation ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴّﺔ‬
Diagonal ‫ﻗــﻄﺮ‬
Diameter ‫ﻗﻄﺮ داﺋﺮة‬
Dimension (dimensions) (‫ﺑــﻌﺪ )أﺑــــﻌﺎد‬
Dimensionless ‫ﻋﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
Three-dimensional (3D) ‫ﺛــﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﺒــﻌﺎد‬
Two-dimensional (2D) ‫ﺛـــﻨﺄﺋﻲ اﻷﺑــﻌﺎد‬
Direct ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
Direction ‫اﺗـّــﺠﺎﻩ‬
Displacement ‫إزاﺣــﺔ‬

- ٢٠٣ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Distribute ‫ﻳـُـﻮزّع‬
Distributed ‫ﻣــﻮزّع‬
Distribution ‫ﺗــﻮزﻳــﻊ‬
Divide ‫ﻳــﻘـﺘﺴّﻢ‬
Double ‫ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬، ‫ﻣﺰدوج‬
Draw ‫ﻳــﺮﺳﻢ‬
Ductile ‫ﻣـﺘﻄــﻴﻞ‬
Ductility ‫ﻣﻤــﻄــﻮﻟﻴّــﺔ‬
Durable ‫ﺗﺤﻤّﻠــﻴّﺔ‬
Durability ‫دوام‬
Dynamic ‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
Dynamics ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬، ‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬

E
Eccentric ‫ﻻ ﻣﺮآﺰي‬
Eccentricity ‫ﻻﻣﺮآﺰﻳّﺔ‬
Edge ‫ ﺣﺎﻓّﺔ‬، ‫ﻃﺮف‬
Effect ‫ﺗﺄﺛــﻴﺮ‬
Effective ‫ﻓــﻌّﺎل‬
Efficiency ‫آﻔﺎءة‬
Elastic ‫ﻣﺮن‬
Elastic bending ‫اﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻣﺮن‬
Elastic curve ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺮن‬
Elastic limit ‫ﺣﺪ ّﻣﺮن‬
Elastic range ‫ﻣﺪى ﻣﺮن‬
Elasticity ‫ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬
Element ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
Elongate ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬
Elongation ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
Empirical formula ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ وﺿﻌﻴّﺔ‬
End restraints ‫ﻗﻴﻮد ﻃﺮﻓﻴّــﺔ‬
End-supported beam ‫آﻤﺮة ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰة اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ‬
Energy ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬
Engineering mechanics ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
Equal ‫ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬، ‫ﻣﺴــﺎو‬
Equation ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
Equilibrium ‫اﺗــّــﺰان‬
Equivalent ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
Example ‫ﻣـــﺜــﺎل‬
Exceed ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬
Expansion ‫ﺗﻤــﺪّد‬
External ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
Extreme ‫ أﻗﺼﻰ‬، ‫أﺑﻌﺪ‬

F
Factor ‫ﻋـــﺎﻣﻞ‬
Load factor ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
Safety factor ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن‬
Shear factor ‫ﺺ‬
ّ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘ‬

- ٢٠٤ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Failure ‫اﻧﻬﻴﺎر‬
Fiber (fibers) (‫ راﻗﺎت‬، ‫ راﻗﺔ )أﻟﻴﺎف‬، ‫ﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬
Fixed ‫ﻣﺜــﺒّﺖ‬
Fixed support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣــﺜــ ّﺒـﺘﺔ‬
Footing ‫ أﺳﺎس‬، ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
Force ‫ﻗُـــــﻮّة‬
Force polygon ‫ﻣــﻀــﻠـّﻊ ﻗﻮى‬
Axial force ‫ﻗﻮّة ﻣﺤﻮرﻳّﺔ‬
Concurrent forces ‫ﻗﻮى ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬
Eccentric force ‫ﻗﻮة ﻻﻣﺮآﺰﻳـﺘّــﺔ‬
Non planar force ‫ﻗﻮى ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‬
Normal force ‫ﻗﻮة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳّﺔ‬
Parallel forces ‫ﻗﻮى ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬
Planar forces ‫ﻗﻮى ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‬
Shearing force ‫ﻗﻮّة ﻗـــﺺ‬
Formula (‫ﺻﻴــﻐﺔ )ﺻﻴـــﻎ‬
Foundation ‫أﺳــﺎس‬
Frame ‫إﻃﺎر‬
Free ‫ﺣـــ ّﺮ‬
Free body ‫ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻊ‬، ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺣــ ّﺮ‬
Free vector ‫ﻣــﺘّــﺠﻪ ﺣــﺮ‬
Function ‫داﻟّــﺔ‬

G
General ‫ﻋــــﺎم‬
Girder ‫آﻤﺮة رﺋﻴﺴﻴّـــﺔ‬
Graphical ‫ﺑـــﻴﺎﻧــﻲ‬
H
Hard ‫ﺻﻠﺪ‬
Hardening ‫ﺗﺼﻠــّــﺪ‬
Height ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
High ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
Hinge ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬
Hinged support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻴــّــﺔ‬
Hollow ‫ ﻣﻔﺮغ‬، ‫أﺟﻮف‬
Homogenous ‫ﻣﺘــــﺠــﺎﻧﺲ‬
Hook’s law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن هــﻮك‬
Horizontal ‫أﻓــﻘــﻲ‬
Hyperbola ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
Hypothesis ‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎت‬
I
Identical ‫ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
Imaginary ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻲ‬
Inclined ‫ﻣـــﺎﺋﻞ‬
Independent equation ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠّﺔ‬
Indeterminate ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪّد‬
Infinity ‫ﻣﺎﻻ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
Infinitesimal ‫آﻤﻴّﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎهﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬
Inflection ‫اﻧﻘﻼب‬

- ٢٠٥ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Internal ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Internal member forces ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴّﺔ‬
Integration ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
Intermediate ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳّﻂ‬
Isolate ‫ﻳﻌﺰل‬

J, K
Joint ‫وﺻﻠـــﺔ‬
Kilogram (kg) (‫آﻴﻠﻮﭬـــﺮام )وﺣﺪة اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
L
Law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
Left ‫ﻳﺴﺎر‬
Length ‫ﻃﻮل‬
Level ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬، ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬
Limit (limits) (‫ﺣـــ ّﺪ )ﺣﺪود‬
Line of action ‫ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
Straight line ‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
linear ‫ﺧﻄّﻲ‬
Link member ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ‬
Live ‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺣـــــــ‬
Load (loads) (‫ﺣﻤـــﻞ )أﺣــﻤﺎل‬
Load intensity ‫ﺷﺪّة اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
Concentrated load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺮآّﺰ‬
Dead load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻴّـــﺖ‬
Design load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬
Live load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺣـــﻲ‬
Safe load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺄﻣﻮن‬
Ultimate load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ أﻗﺼﻰ‬
Uniformly distributed load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزّع ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
Uniformly varying load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴّﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
Working load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴـــﻞ‬
Local specification ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﻠــﻴّﺔ‬

M
Mass ‫آﺘﻠﺔ‬
Material ‫ﻣــــﺎدّة‬
Brittle material ‫ﻣﺎدّة ﻣﺘﻘﺼّﻔﺔ‬
Ductile material ‫ﻣﺎدّة ﻣﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
Homogenous material ‫ﻣﺎدّة ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ‬
Nonhomogenous material ‫ﻣﺎدّة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ‬
Matrix ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
Maximum ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻈﻤﻰ‬
Mechanism ‫ﺁﻟــــﻴـــﺔ‬
Member ‫ ﻋﻨﺼــﺮ‬، ‫ﻋﻀــﻮ‬
Meter (m) ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
Method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
Method of joints ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬
Method of sections ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
Analytical method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴّﺔ‬
- ٢٠٦ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Elastic method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‬

Graphical method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴّﺔ‬
Plastic method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺪﻧﺔ‬
Ultimate strength method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬
Working stress method ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
Metric ‫ﻣﺘﺮي‬
Middle ‫ أوﺳﻂ‬، ‫وﺳﻂ‬
Mild steel ‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻃﺮى‬
Minimum ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﺮى‬
Modulus ‫ﻣـــﻌﺎﻳﺮ‬
Modulus of elasticity ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
Modulus of young (young’s modulus) ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﻳــﻮﻧـــﭫ‬
Moment ‫ﻋﺰم‬
Moment arm ‫ذراع اﻟﻌﺰم‬
Moment center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻌﺰم‬
Moment of force ‫ﻋﺰم ﻗـــﻮّة‬
Moment of inertia ‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﻘﺼﻮر اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬
Allowable moment ‫ﻋﺰم ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
Bending moment ‫ﻋﺰم اﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
Safe moment ‫ﻋﺰم ﻣﺄﻣﻮن‬
Ultimate moment ‫ﻋﺰم أﻗﺼﻰ‬
Yield moment ‫ﻋﺰم ﺧﻀﻮع‬
Motion ‫ﺣﺮآﺔ‬

N
Negative ‫ﺳـــﺎﻟﺐ‬
Neutral axis ‫ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Neutral plane ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Newton (N) (‫ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ )وﺣﺪة ﻗــﻮّة‬
Nonlinear ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧــﻄّــﻲ‬
Normal ‫ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
Normal force ‫ﻗﻮّة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳــّﺔ‬
Normal stress ‫ﻏﺠﻬﺎد ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
Notations ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ رﻣﻮز‬
Number ‫ﻋـــﺪد‬
Numerical ‫ﻋﺪدي‬
O
Oblique ‫ﻣـــﺎﺋﻞ‬
Omit ‫ﻳﺤﺬف‬
Opposite ‫ ﻣﻌﺎآــﺲ‬، ‫ﻣﻀﺎد‬
Ordinate ‫إﺣﺪاﺛﻲ راﺳــﻲ‬
Origin ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ‬
Original ‫أﺻــﻠﻲ‬

P
Parabola ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬
Parallel ‫ﻣﻮازي‬
Parallelogram ‫ﻣﺘﻮازي أﺿﻼع‬
Particle ‫اﻟــﺠــﺴﻴﻢ‬
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 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Perpendicular ‫ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
Perimeter ‫ﻣــﺤــﻴﻂ‬
Permanent ‫داﺋﻢ‬
Plastic ‫ﻟﺪن‬
Plasticity ‫ﻟﺪوﻧﺔ‬
Plate ‫ﻟــﻮح‬
Plane ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
Point of application ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
Polygon ‫ﻣــﻀــﻠّﻊ‬
Position ‫ﻣــﻮﺿﻊ‬
Possible ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
Practical ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬
Pressure ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬
Principal axis ‫ﻣﺤﻮر رﺋﻴﺴﻰ‬
Principle ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ‬
Principle of superposition ‫ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
Problem ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
Product ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب‬
Product of inertia ‫ﻋﺰم ﻗﺼﻮر ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬
Property (properties) (‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ )ﺧﻮاص‬
Proportion ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
Proportional limit ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

R
Radian ‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﻳّﺔ‬
Radius ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
Radius of gyration ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﺴﻮر‬
Ratio ‫ﻧــــﺴــﺒﺔ‬
Range ‫ﻣﺪى‬
Elasticity range ‫ﻣﺪى اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
Plasticity range ‫ﻣﺪى اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ‬
Yield range ‫ﻣﺪى اﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬
Reaction (reactions) (‫ر ّد ﻓـــﻌﻞ )ردود ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Reinforced concrete ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠّﺤﺔ‬
Relationship ‫ﻋــﻼﻗــﺔ‬
Resistance ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
Result ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
Resultant ‫ﻣــﺤــﺼّــﻠﺔ‬
Right ‫ﻳﻤﻴﻦ‬
Rigid body ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺪ‬
Rigidity ‫ﺻﻼدة‬
Rivet ‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺑﺮﺷﺎم‬
Riveted joint ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺮﺷﻤﺔ‬
Roller support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣﺘﺪﺣﺮﺟﺔ‬
Roof ‫ﺳــﻘـــﻒ‬
Rotation ‫دوران‬
Rule ‫ﻗــﺎﻋﺪة‬

- ٢٠٨ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Safe ‫ﻣـﺄﻣﻮن‬
Scale ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ‬
Section ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
I-section I ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬
T-section T ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬
Cross section ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
Sense ‫وﺟﻬﺔ‬
Shear force ‫ﻗﻮّة ﻗــﺺ‬
Shear stress ‫ﺺ‬
ّ ‫إﺟﻬــﺎد اﻟﻘــ‬
Sign conventions ‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت اﻹﺷﺎرات‬
Similar ‫ﻣــﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
Solution ‫ﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﺣــــ‬
Space ‫ ﻓﺮاغ‬، ‫ﻓﻀﺎء‬
Span (‫ﻃــﻮل )ﺑــﺎع‬
Specific weight ‫وزن ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬
Stability ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
Stable ‫ﻣﺴﺘــﻘــ ّﺮ‬
Statics ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬، ‫إﺳﺘـﺘﺎﺗﻴـــﻚ‬
Statically determinate ‫ﻣﺤﺪّد ﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴّــﺎ‬
Statically indeterminate ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤــﺪّد ﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴـــﻜــﻴّــﺎ‬
Steel bar ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﺻﻠﺐ‬
Stiffness ‫ﺟﺴﺎءة‬
Strength ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
Strength of materials ‫ﻣــــﻘـــﺎوﻣــــﺔ ﻣـــﻮاد‬
Strain (strains) (‫اﻧﻔﻌﺎل )اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت‬
Strain hardening ‫ﺗﺼﻠّــﺪ اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
Stress (stresses) (‫إﺟﻬﺎد )إﺟﻬــﺎدات‬
Structural ‫اﻧﺸﺎﺋــﻲ‬
Structure ‫ هﻴﻜﻞ‬، ‫ﻣﻨﺸــﺄ‬
Superposition ‫ﺗـﺘﺠــﻤــﻴــﻊ‬
Support ‫ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬، ‫رآﻴﺰة‬
Fixed support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣﺜﺒّﺘﺔ‬
Hinged support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻴّﺔ‬
Roller support ‫ رآﻴﺰة ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ‬، ‫رآﻴﺰة ﻣﺘﺪﺣﺮﺟﺔ‬
Simple support ‫رآﻴﺰة ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
Symbol ‫رﻣـــﺰ‬
Symmetrical ‫ﻣﺘﻤــﺎﺛﻞ‬
Symmetry ‫ﺗـــﻤﺎﺛـــﻞ‬
System of loads ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺣﻤــﺎل‬

T
Tangential ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬
Tension member ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺷــ ّﺪ‬
Tension side ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟـــﺸــ ّﺪ‬
Test ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
Theorem ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳّــﺔ‬
Theory ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮي‬
Thickness ‫ﺳــُﻤــﻚ‬
Torsion ‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ ﻟــــ‬، ‫اﻟﺘﻮاء‬

- ٢٠٩ -
 ‫א‬  ١٥٥  ‫א‬
 A, B, C    

Translation ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
Trapezoid ‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف‬
Triangle ‫ﻣﺜــﻠّــﺚ‬
Truss ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻮن‬
Bridge truss ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻮن ﺟﺴﺮ‬
Roof truss ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻮن ﺳﻘﻒ‬
Tube ‫أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬

U
Ultimate ‫اﻗﺼﻰ‬
Underestimate ‫ﻳﺒﺨﺲ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
Uniform distributed ‫ﻣﻮزّع ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
Unit ‫وﺣﺪة‬
unstable ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬

V
Value ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
Variable ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴـّـﺮ‬
Vector ‫ﻣــﺘّــﺠــﻪ‬
Vertical ‫رأﺳﻲ‬
Volume ‫ﺣــﺠــﻢ‬

W
Weight ‫وزن‬
Own weight ‫وزن ذاﺗــﻲ‬
Welding ‫ﻟــﺤﺎم‬
Wind ‫رﻳــﺎح‬
Width ‫ﻋــﺮض‬
Y, Z
Young’s modulus (‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﻳﻮﻧﭫ )ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
Yield strain ‫اﻧﻔﻌﺎل اﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬
Yield stress ‫إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺨﻀﻮع‬
Zero member ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻋﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻘﻮّة‬

 

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