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Unit 10 Occurrence and extraction of metals 2
10.1 Metals in our lives 2
10.2 Uses of metals and their properties 3
10.3 Metals in the Earth's crust 5
10.4 Extracting metals from their ores 6
10.5 Year of discovery of metals and the ease of extraction 12
10.6 How long will metal reserves last? 14
10. 7 The life cycle of metals 14
10.8 Recycling of metals 16
10.9 Conservation of metal resources 19
Have you mastered? 21
Unit Exercise 24

Unit 11 Reactivity of metals 30

11.1 Comparing the reactivity of metals 30
11.2 How do metals react with oxygen in the air? 30
11.3 How do metals react with cold water or steam? 32
11.4 How do metals react with dilute acids? 36
11.5 The reactivity series of metals 37
11.6 What is a balanced chemical equation? 38
11.7 How to write balanced chemical equations 40
11.8 What determines the reactivity of a metal? 43
11.9 Displacement reactions 46
11.10 Ionic equations 48
11.11 Reactivity of metals and ease of extraction 50
11.12 Prediction of metal reactions using the reactivity series 51
Have you mastered? 54
Unit Exercise 59
Unit 12 Reacting masses 68
12.1 Calculating the amounts of substances 68
12.2 Counting numbers by weighing 68
12.3 What is a mole? 70
12.4 What is molar mass? 73
12.5 Calculations involving moles and masses 75
12.6 Percentage by mass of an element in a compound 78
12.7 Determining the empirical formula of a compound 81
12.8 Mole ratio in a balanced chemical equation 89
12.9 Chemical equations and reacting masses 89
12.10 Limiting reactant 98
12.11 Theoretical yield and percentage yield 99
Have you mastered? 102
Unit Exercise 105

Unit 13 Corrosion of metals and their protection 113

13.1 What is corrosion? 113
13 .2 Corrosion of iron: rusting 113
13.3 What factors can speed up the rusting process? 115
13.4 To observe rusting using a rust indicator 117
13.5 How to prevent rusting? 117
13.6 Socioeconomic implications of rusting 122
13 .7 What is the most suitable method to protect a particular iron
article from rusting? 123
13.8 Corrosion resistance of a luminium 124
Have you mastered? 127
Unit Exercise 130

Topic Exercise 135

Index 147
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'03. Metals
Unit 10 Occurrence and extraction of metals

10.1 Metals in our lives

10.2 Uses of metals and their properties
10.3 Metals in the Earth's crust
10.4 Extracting metals from their ores
10.5 Year of discovery of metals and the ease of extraction
10.6 How long will metal reserves last?
1 0. 7 The life cycle of metals
10.8 Recycling of metals
10.9 Conservation of metal resources
Have you mastered?

Unit Exercise

Unit 11 Reactivity of metals

11.1 Comparing the reactivity of metals

11.2 How do metals react with oxygen in the air?
11.3 How do metals react with cold water or steam?
11.4 How do metals react with dilute acids?
11.5 The reactivity series of metals
11.6 What is a balanced chemical equation?
11.7 How to write balanced chemical equations

'03. Metals 1
 11.8 What determines the reactivity of a metal?
11.9 Displacement reactions
11.10 Ionic equations
11.11 Reactivity of metals and ease of extraction
11.12 Prediction of metal reactions using the reactivity series
Have you mastered?

Unit Exercise

Unit 12 Reacting masses

12.1 Calculating the amounts of substances

12.2 Counting numbers by weighing
12.3 What is a mole?
12.4 What is molar mass?
12.5 Calculations involving moles and masses
12.6 Percentage by mass of an element in a compound
12.7 Determining the empirical formula of a compound
12.8 Mole ratio in a balanced chemical equation
12.9 Chemical equations and reacting masses
12.10 Limiting reactant
12.11 Theoretical yield and percentage yield
Have you mastered?

Unit Exercise

Unit 13 Corrosion of metals and their protection

13.1 What is corrosion?

13 .2 Corrosion of iron: rusting
13.3 What factors can speed up the rusting process?
13.4 To observe rusting using a rust indicator 117
13.5 How to prevent rusting? 117
13.6 Socioeconomic implications of rusting 122
13 .7 What is the most suitable method to protect a particular iron
article from rusting? 123
13.8 Corrosion resistance of a luminium
Have you mastered?

Unit Exercise
Topic Exercise 135
Index 147

'03. Metals 2