Slabs

Andrew Borgart
“shell behaviour”
CT5251 Special Structures
slab (plate) structures
 d4w
q = EI 4
dx

p
h

beam versus slab

beam grid
plate action
displacement field
 curvature

twist
curvature twist
bending in two directions

torsion
 d4w
q = EI 4
dx

beam versus slab

 d4w
q = EI 4
dx

beam versus slab

cylindrical bending pure twist
beam versus slab
boundary
conditions
concentrated
shear force
as result of torsion
 free edge

concentrated
shear force
as result of torsion
x y

support reactions slab

 bottom

top

stresses in slabs
top
 mxx + m yy  mxx − m yy 
2
mxx + m yy  mxx − m yy 
2

m1 = +   + mxy
2
m2 = −   + m xy
2
2  2  2  2 
principle stress trajectories
 fixed edges

simply supported edges

free edges

non-supported axis
of symmetry
boundary conditions
 #a

moments
#b

#c
#a

shear forces

a: fixed edges
b: simply supported edges
 displacements principle moments shear forces

out-off-plane loading simply supported

twist / torsion slab
bending moment over
diagonal slab
 shear forces moments

#d #c
#d

#c

c: supported in the corners, free edges

d: point supported slab
d: point supported slab
d: point supported slab: Nervi
load transfer: principle shear force
 v

load transfer: sum of the bending moments

 v

beam versus slab

load transfer: rain flow analogy

  ∂ϕ x  ∂ϕ y
−T ⋅ ϕ x ⋅ dy + T ⋅  ϕ x + ⋅ dx  ⋅ dy − T ⋅ ϕ y ⋅ dx + T ⋅ ϕ y + ⋅ dy ⋅ dx + p ⋅ dxdy =0
 ∂x  ∂y

∂ϕ x ∂ϕ y p ∂ 2 wm ∂ 2 wm p
+ =
− + =
−
∂x ∂y T ∂x 2 ∂y 2 T

membrane equation
 mxx + m yy  ∂2w ∂2w 
M = =−D ⋅  2 + 
1+υ  ∂x ∂y 2 

p  ∂2 ∂2   ∂2w ∂2w  ∂4w ∂4w ∂4w

= 2 + 2 ⋅ 2 + 2  = 4 + 2 2 2 + 4
D  ∂x ∂y   ∂x ∂y  ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y

∂2M ∂2M
−=
p + 2
split the diff.
∂x 2
∂y
equation
M ∂2w ∂2w
− = + 2
D ∂x 2
∂y
analogy with
membrane equation
∂ 2 wm ∂ 2 wm
M =∆w = 2 + 2 =p ; ( D =1)
∂x ∂y

membrane analogy
 load transfer: sand hill analogy

load transfer: principle shear force

 load transfer: sand hill analogy

load transfer: principle shear force

slab with opening: load transfer
slab with opening
Finite Element Method
Membrane elements (in-plane loading)
Consistency requirements
-Each rigid body mode must be described exactly
-Each homogeneous strain state must be described exactly
-The solution must be independent on the reference system
workshop