Senior High School

Creative Writing
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices
in Specific Forms of Poetry
Creative Writing – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific
forms of poetry

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owner. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ace Benedict P. Lacap
Editor: Ellaine F. See
Reviewer: James V. Henson
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jaime Agustin G. Garong IV
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Creative Writing Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Creative Writing Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry.

Writing has been a form of human communication ever since it has set visible
marks that are related and understood to some particular structural level of language.
Creative Writing, on the other hand, will assist you in recognizing the power of the
written word and how it can change the way you see life. Creative writing will help you
discover and put into practice your own strategies to live a more creative life in words.
Gathering ideas for, writing prose and poetry (which may be fictional or non-fictional),
critical reading, and revising are just some of the strategies which you can learn from
this module.

This subject will make you consider your writing as a ―work in progress‖. A
portfolio of your collection of poems, stories and acts will be your final output by the end
of the semester.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
 What I Need to Know

This module is about elements, literary devices, and techniques in specific forms
of poetry. It will help you understand better how elements, techniques, and literary
devices make poetry similar to paintings and sculptures.
Poetry has often replicated and mirrored the voice of the time. The way we select
our topics and language choices may change with whatever is timely and relevant. Not
all poems will employ the same language as Shakespeare, but that does not mean that
they are any less effective.

Writing Poetry may not be as simple nor as difficult as it may seem. You need to
know that there are elements, techniques, and devices that have to be mastered.

Poetry helps us understand and appreciate the world around us. Poetry teaches
us how to live.

Not everyone can verbalize their emotions. Poetry can be a means of expressing
your own feelings and emotions.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Define Poetry.
2. Differentiate the elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of
poetry.
3. Use different elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of
poetry in creative writing.

What I Know

I. Below is one of our famous Makabayan songs. Fill in each blank with the correct word. Write
your answers on your notebook.

Bayan Ko
Freddie Aguilar

Ang bayan kong Pilipinas

Lupain ng ginto't (1) ____________
Pag-ibig na sa kanyang palad
Nag-alay ng ganda't dilag
At sa kanyang (2) ____________at ganda
Dayuhan ay nahalina
Bayan ko, binihag ka
(3) ____________ sa dusa
 Ibon mang may layang lumipad
Kulungin mo at (4) ____________
Bayan pa kayang sakdal-dilag
Ang 'di magnasang (5) ____________
Pilipinas kong minumutya
(6) ____________ng luha at dalita
Aking adhika
Makita kang (7) ____________laya
Ibon mang may layang lumipad
Kulungin mo at umiiyak
Bayan pa kayang (8) ____________
Ang 'di magnasang makaalpas
Pilipinas kong minumutya
Pugad ng luha at dalita
Aking adhika
Makita kang sakdal laya...

Lesson
Elements, Techniques, and Literary Devices in
2 Specific Forms of Poetry

People are fond of reading poems that are relatable and easy to understand.
Poems are means of expressing one’s thoughts and feelings.
In order to compose your own poems, you have to know first the elements,
techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry

What’s In

Let’s review our previous lesson!

Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Write your answers on your
notebook.
1. Olfactory is something that you can hear through your mind’s ears.
2. Tactile is something that you can touch through your mind’s skin.
3. Denotation refers to the direct specific meaning of a word
4. Clichés are allowed in diction.
5. Synecdoche is the deliberate exaggeration of a fact or truth for the sake of
emphasis.
6. Irony occurs when there's a marked contrast between what is said and what
is meant, or between appearance and reality.
7. Figures of Speech are used to evoke powerful feelings and emotions.
8. Descriptive details are not necessary to make your writing clear.
9. You need to be careful in choosing the right word, particularly when choosing
a synonym for a specific word.
10. Figures of speech are only used in written forms of communication.

What’s New

First, A Poem Must Be Magical

Jose Garcia Villa

First, a poem must be magical,

Then musical as a sea gull.
It must be a brightness moving
And hold secret a bird’s flowering.
It must be slender as a bell,
And it must hold fire as well.
It must have the wisdom of bows
And it must kneel like a rose.
It must be able to hide
What it seeks, like a bride.
And over all I would like to hover
God, smiling from the poem’s cover.

The Road Not Taken

By: Robert Frost

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference
 What is It

Poetry defined

Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from
emotion recollected in tranquility. – William Wordsworth

Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotions; it is not
the expression of personality, but an escape of personality. – T.S. Eliot

Poetry versus Verse

Poetry Verse
 Applied to the many forms in which  The metrical line as a basic unit of
human beings have given rhythmic poetry
expression to their most intense  Any form of metrical composition
perceptions of the world,
themselves, and the relation of the
two

Elements of Poetry:

1. Images – refer to the mental pictures the poet creates through language
2. Diction – this refers to the selection of specific words
3. Form – is the arrangement words, lines, verses, rhymes and other features
4. Cadence – refers to the rhythmic change in the inflection of sounds from words
being spoken. It also refers to the flow of words.
5. Meter – refers to the rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern.
6. Rhyme – refers to the repetitive occurrence of identical or similar sounding words
usually found at the end of lines on poems or songs
7. Rhythm – the variation or alternation of strong and weak syllables or elements in
the flow of speech
8. Stanzas – refer to a series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty
line from other stanzas.

Persona: The Speaking Voice of the Poem

Each poem has an assumed speaker who is the source of the spoken words.
This speaker serves as the persona whose voice is heard by the listeners and/or
readers.

Persona originally refers to the mask worn by a Greek actor when he performs.
The term is also used to refer to the author’s second self also known as ―literary double‖
who will serve as his or her mouthpiece. Thus, the persona who speaks in the poem
and the poet who wrote it are not necessarily the same.

Tone: The Attitude of the Poet towards the Audience

 In poetry, tone refers to the intellectual and emotional attitudes of the poet
towards his or her intended audience.
Mood: The Attitude of the Poet towards the Subject Matter

The term mood is defined by some critics as a quality of literature that is

synonymous with tone or atmosphere and sometimes both. Mood refers to the
emotional and intellectual attitudes of the author towards his or her subject matter in a
given literary work.

Atmosphere: The Dominant Emotional Aura of the Poem

In literature, the term atmosphere denotes the dominant mood or emotional tone
of a work. The atmosphere in literature refers to the dominant emotional aura or general
feeling created in the readers or audience by a work at any given point. It also describes
the overall feelings or emotions experienced by the readers or audience.

Techniques and Literary Devices

1. Alliteration – words begin with the same letter.

Example: Sheep should sleep in a shed.

2. Allusion – reference to something else outside of the subject of the poem.

Example: from "Nothing Gold Can Stay" (1923) by Robert Frost

Then leaf subsides to leaf.

So, Eden sank to grief,
So, dawn goes down to day.
Nothing gold can stay.
(This idea that nothing—not even Paradise—can last forever)

3. Metaphor – comparison between two unlike things without using like or as.
Example: from ―Hope Is the Thing with Feathers‖ by Emily Dickinson
(compares hope to a bird)

"Hope is the thing with feathers

That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words,
And never stops at all.

4. Personification – attributing human qualities to animals or inanimate objects.

Example: from ―Trees‖ by Joyce Kilmer

A tree that looks at God all day,

And lifts her leafy arms to pray.

5. Repetition – a recurrence of elements to create unity

Example: from ―The Bells‖ by Edgar Allan Poe

'To the swinging and the ringing

of the bells, bells, bells-
Of the bells, bells, bells, bells
Bells, bells, bells-
To the rhyming and the chiming of the bells!'
 6. Simile – comparison between two objects using like, as, or than.
Example: from ―The Daffodils‖ by William Wordsworth

―I wandered lonely as a cloud

that floats on high o’er vales and hills.‖

7. Symbolism – using one object to suggest another meaning.

Example: The line 'Two roads diverged in a yellow wood' refers to the divergent
paths the solitary narrator encounters on his autumnal journey, which represent
the difficult choices we must often make alone.

8. Theme – the dominant unifying idea in a poem.

Example: The poem The Road Not Taken comprises uncertainty and perplexing
situation of the minds of people about what they may face when standing on the
verge of making choices. It is because life is full of choices, and the choices we
make, define the whole course of our lives.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Read the poem below. Answer the questions that follow. Write ONLY THE
LETTERS of your answers on your notebook.

Trees
By Joyce Kilmer

I think that I shall never see

A poem lovely as a tree.

A tree whose hungry mouth is prest.

Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast;

A tree that looks at God all day,

And lifts her leafy arms to pray;

A tree that may in Summer wear

A nest of robins in her hair;

Upon whose bosom snow has lain;

Who intimately lives with rain.

Poems are made by fools like me,

But only God can make a tree.
Questions:

1. The line ―a poem lovely as a tree‖ is an example of _______________.

a. Allusion c. Simile
b. Metaphor d. Symbolis
2. The words see-tree, prest-breast show _______________.
a. Form c. Rhythm
b. Rhyme d. Stanza

3. ―A nest of robins in her hair;‖ (Line 8) and ―And lifts and leafy arms to pray‖ (line
6) are examples of _______________.
a. Alliteration c. Symbolism
b. Metaphor d. Theme

4. A poem lovely as a tree, A tree whose hungry mouth is prest, A tree that looks at
God all day, A tree that may in summer wear, But only God can make a tree are
lines that clearly show _______________.
a. Allusion c. Symbolism
b. Repetition d. Theme

5. The poem Trees by Joyce Kilmer explains that _______________.

a. God created humans and trees.
b. God gave humans trees to provide shade.
c. Humans are as beautiful as trees.
d. Humans despite being talented could not replicate the beauty achieved by
nature.

Independent Assessment 1

Identify the element of poetry described in each of the following sentences. Write
your answers on your notebook.

1. It refers to the rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern.

2. This refers to the selection of specific words.
3. These refer to series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line from
other stanzas.
4. It is the variation or alternation of strong and weak syllables or elements in the flow of
speech.
5. These refer to the mental pictures the poet creates through language.
6. This refers to the repetitive occurrence of identical or similar sounding words usually
found at the end of lines on poems or songs.
7. It is the arrangement words, lines, verses, rhymes and other features.
Independent Activity 2

Read the poem below. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Write them on
your notebook.

Deadly Winter
Barren branches pierce the sky,
Chattering in the shivering breeze.
The clouds hold captive
Rays of the gloomy sunshine.
Blades of grass brown and tattered
From frost’s sharp fingernails.
Winter squeezes the last breath
Out of all that once thrived.

Questions:

1. The poem’s mood could be ____________ because the poem is about death.
a. bright c. interesting
b. gloomy d. optimistic

2. The tone might be described as ____________.

a. cheerful c. serious
b. enthusiastic d. superficial

Independent Assessment 2

Differentiate the following pairs. Each pair is equivalent to 5 points. Write your
answers on your notebook.

a. Poetry and Verse

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

b. Symbolism and Theme

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

c. Tone and Mood

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Independent Activity 3
Identify the word or phrase being described in each of the following statements.
Write your answers on your notebook.
1. It is a term/word which refers to the wearing of mask of a Greek actor who performs a
character in a tragedy or comedy.
2. It denotes the dominant mood or emotional tone of a work
3. It refers to the intellectual and emotional attitudes of the poet towards his or her
intended audience.
4. It refers to the emotional and intellectual attitudes of the author towards his or her
subject matter in a given literary work.
5. It is known as ―The Speaking Voice of the Poem‖.

Independent Assessment 3

Read and analyze the poem below. Identify what each of the given words
symbolizes. Write your answers on your notebook.
Annabel Lee
by Edgar Allan Poe

It was many and many a year ago,

In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of ANNABEL LEE;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.

I was a child and she was a child,

In this kingdom by the sea;
But we loved with a love that was more than love-
I and my Annabel Lee;
With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
Coveted her and me.

And this was the reason that, long ago,

In this kingdom by the sea,
A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling
My beautiful Annabel Lee;
So that her highborn kinsman came
And bore her away from me,
To shut her up in a sepulchre
In this kingdom by the sea.

The angels, not half so happy in heaven,

Went envying her and me-
Yes! - that was the reason (as all men know,
In this kingdom by the sea)
That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
 But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we-
Of many far wiser than we-
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams

Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,
In the sepulchre there by the sea,
In her tomb by the sounding sea.

a. Sea -
b. Annabel Lee –
c. Angels/Seraphs –
d. Kingdom –
e. Sepulchre –

What I Have Learned

What have you learned regarding elements, techniques, and literary devices in
specific forms of poetry? Explain in 4 to 5 sentences. Write your explanation on your
notebook.
 What I Can Do

Compose a two-stanza poem with 4 lines each about the bravery and dedication
of our ―front liners‖ during this Covid19 pandemic. Please make use of the elements,
techniques, and literary devices of poetry. Write your composition on your notebook.
(10points)

Assessment

A. Read the poem below.

Don't Quit
By John Greenleaf Whittier

When things go wrong as they sometimes will,

When the road you're trudging seems all up hill,
When the funds are low and the debts are high
And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,
When care is pressing you down a bit,
Rest if you must, but don't you quit.
Life is strange with its twists and turns
As every one of us sometimes learns
And many a failure comes about
When he might have won had he stuck it out;
Don't give up though the pace seems slow—
You may succeed with another blow.
 Success is failure turned inside out—
The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,
And you never can tell just how close you are,
It may be near when it seems so far;
So, stick to the fight when your hardest hit—
It's when things seem worst that you must not quit.

B. Explain each of the given lines in two (2) to three (3) sentences. Write your
explanations on your notebook.

a. Life is strange with its twists and turns. (5pts)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

b. Rest if you must, but don't you quit. (5pts)

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________

Additional Activities

Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow. Write them on your
notebook.

Dreams
by Langston Hughes

Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.

Hold fast to dreams

For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
 Independent Assessment 3
a.Sea – Depression/ loneliness
b.Annabel Lee – Pure beauty/love;
perfection
c.Angels/Seraphs – Dark, unjust, evil
d.Kingdom – tyranny, cruelty of people
e.Sepulchre – death
What I have learned
Student’s own answers
What I can do
Student’s own answers
Assessment
Student’s own answers
Additional Activity
1. 8 lines
2. 2 pairs (die-fly, go-snow)
3. Metaphor
4. When you give up, when
you stop trying
5. Keep dreaming, do not give
up
Independent Assessment 2 Independent Assessment #1 What I know
(continuation) 1. Meter 1. Bulaklak
2. Diction 2. Yumi
b. Symbolism means using one object 3. Stanzas 3. Nasadlak
to suggest another meaning while 4. Rhythm 4. Umiiyak
theme refers to the dominant unifying 5. Images 5. Makaalpas
idea in a poem. 6. Rhyme 6. Pugad
7. Form 7. Sakdal
c. Tone refers to the intellectual and 8. Sakdal-dilag
emotional attitudes of the poet towards Independent Activity #2
his or her intended audience while 1. B. What’s In
mood refers to the emotional and 2. C. 1. F 6. T
intellectual attitudes of the author 2. T 7. T
towards his or her subject matter in a Independent Assessment #2 3. T 8. F
given literary work. a. Poetry is applied to many 4. F 9. T
forms in which human 5. F 10. F
Independent Activity 3 beings have given rhythmic
1. Persona expression to their most Independent Activity 1
2. Atmosphere intense perceptions of the 1. C.
3. Tone world, themselves, and the 2. B.
4. Mood relation of the two while 3. A.
5. Persona verse refers to the metrical 4. B.
line as a basic unit of 5. D.
poetry and it is a form of
metrical composition.
Answer Key
5. What does the phrase ―hold fast to dreams‖ mean?
4. What does the phrase ―dreams die‖ mean?
3. Which figure of speech was used in the poem?
2. How many pairs of rhyming words does the poem have?
1. How many lines does the poem have?
Questions:
References

9 Common Techniques Used in Poetry by Angela Padron. Accessed June 1, 2020

An Introduction to poerty. Accessed June 1, 2020
Https://www.bucks.edu/media/bcccmedialibrary/tutoring/documents/writingareaha
ndoutrevision/literature/IntrotoPoetry.pdf (BCCC ASC Rev. 3/2019)
LiteraryDevices Editors. “Metaphor” LiteraryDevices.net. 2013.Accessed June 1, 2020
http://literarydevices.net/metaphor/
Reading on The Move Poetry: Form, Syllables, Mood, and Tone. Accessed June 1,
2020
or s oe s nna e Lee > Themes and Symbols Accessed June 1, 2020
https://sites.google.com/site/authorstudyedgarallanpoe/works/poems/annabel-
lee/themes-and-symbols

Why Is Poetry Important to Our World Today by Alice Osborn. Accessed June 1, 2020
https://vhlblog.vistahigherlearning.com/9-common-techniques-used-in-poetry.html
https://www.osymigrant.org/ROMPoetryFormSyllablesMoodandTone.pdf

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Department of Education – Schools Division of Pampanga, Learning

Resource Management System

High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando

Pampanga, Philippines 1200

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Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph