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ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ -ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺵ ﺣﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ،ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ
ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ
ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ
ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ،ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ
ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ RNG k-εﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ،ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ
ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ :ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ،ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ،ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ،ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ
ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ
ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ Ab
ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ Af
ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ Au
ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻣﺘﺮ( a
J
( ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ) Cp
kgK
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ Gb
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ Gk
ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻩ hf
ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻩ h fo
ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ k
ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ k1
ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ Pr
ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﻞ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ Prt
ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ R
ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ Re
ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﺎﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ S ij
ﺩﻣﺎ T
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ u
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ up
ﻧﺮﺥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ε
kg
( ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ) µ
ms
kg
( ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ) µt
ms
kg
ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ) ( 3 ρ
m
kg
ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ) ( 3 ρp
m
ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ Ωf
-١ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ
ﭘﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ
ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ،ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ].[١
ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ]: [٢
(١ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ
(٢ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ
(٣ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ
(٤ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ
ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ٢ﻭ ٣ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ
ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺑﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻥ [١] ١ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ
ﺁﺏ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻬﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﻱ [٣] ٢ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ
١
Brenan
٢
Bhandari
ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ
ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ
ﺁﻳﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ) (CFDﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻞ
ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ
ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﻛﻠﻲ ٣ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ] [٤ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ
Flow٣Dﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ k-εﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺯﺑﻴﺴﻴﻨﺴﻜﻲ ][٥
٤
ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻱ ،ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﺴﻤﺎ [٦] ٥ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ
ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ
ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ k-εﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻛﻮﺕ ][٧
٦
ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ CFDﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ Flow٣Dﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ
ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ
ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ
ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ .ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ،ﻓﺸﺎﺭ،
ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ RNG k-εﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ
ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ.
-٢ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﮊﻥ ،ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ
ﺣﺴﺐ ρ ،uﻭ Tﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ:
٣
Oackley
٤
Zbicinski
٥
Strassma
٦
Kieviet
ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ،k-εﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻟﺰﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺪﻝ RNG k-εﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ k-εﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ
ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ kﻭ εﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ RNGﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ:
µt
ρu j k , j = [( µ + )k , j ) , j + G k + Gb − ρε )(٤
σk
µt ε ε2
ρu j ε , j = [( µ + )ε , j ], j + C1 (Gk + C 3 Gb ) − C 2 ρ − Rε )(٥
σε k k
ﻛﻪ:
η
C µ ρη 3 (1 − )
η0 ε 2 Sk
= Rε ≡ ηﻭ C µ = .0845ﻭ C 2 = 1.68ﻭ C1 = 1.42ﻭ β = .012ﻭ η 0 = 4.38ﻭ
1 + βη 3
k ε
ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ G kﻭ Gbﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ
ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ C 3εﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ:
µ t ∂T
Gb = βg iﻭ Gk = µ t S 2 )(٦) -(٧
Prt ∂xi
1 ∂P
β = −ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﮔﺮ vﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﻭ u g iﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ، iﻭ ( ) p
ρ ∂T
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
v
C 3ε = tan gh )(٨
u
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻳﻠﺮـ ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ )ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻳﻠﺮ( ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﻭﻳﺮـ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ
ﺁﻥ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ،ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ) ﺭﻭﺵ ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋ( .ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ
ﻻﮔﺮﺍﻧﮋﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ :
ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ) FD (u − u pﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ FDﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ]: [٨
18µ C D Re
= FD )(١٠
ρ p d p2 24
Fxﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ) (٩ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ
ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻧﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ( ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻟﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ،
ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ
ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ
ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ،ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ
ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ١ﻭ ٢ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻮﺍﻱ
ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ٤٢ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ٢ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺩﻣﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ
ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ
ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ
ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ،ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ
ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﻱ] [٩ﻭ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ] [١٠ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻋﺪﺩ
ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ:
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺿﺮﻳﺐ
ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ
ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ:
) h f (Ω f A f + Au
= h fo )(١٢
Ab
ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ
ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺳﺮﻋﺖ
ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ.
ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ،
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ٢٢ m/sﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ،١/٠٥ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ١ﻭ ﺩﺭ
ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ٠/٩٥ﺿﺮﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ
ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻥ ) ٨٢٩ ( paﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ) ٨٥٩/٥٣ ( paﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ
ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ
ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ
ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ،ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ،ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ
ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﭖ ﻭﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ RNG k-εﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ١ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﺩ ٧ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ CPU٢٤٠٠ MBﻭ RAM ١ GBﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ٨ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ
ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ٩ﺑﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻨﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ١٧١٣٥٠ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ١٤٢٧٧٦
ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ،ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ
١٤٢٧٧٦ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ٦٠ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ
ﺳﺮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
-٣ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺚ
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ
ﺭﻭﺯ ٦ﻭ ٩ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ١٣٨٢ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ١٧ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ١٣٨٣ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ
ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ٢ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ) ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( .ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ) (hﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ a/R
ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ) (١١ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ
ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ a/Rﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ hﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ٣ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ a/Rﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ
ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ،ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ
ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺷﻜﻞ ٤ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ٥ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ
ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ
ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ٢ﻭ ٣ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ
ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ
ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ،
ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ
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Node
٨
Share Memory
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Distribute Memory
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ] ،[١١ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺷﻜﻞ ٦ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ
ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ٤-٥ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ) ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ
٢٠٠ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ( .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ٣٤٠Kﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ٤ﺩﻣﺎﻱ
ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ٤ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ ،ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻛﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﺯ
ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ
ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ .ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ٧ﻭ ٨ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ
ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ
ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ٠/٥ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ
ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ
ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ٢٠ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ
ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺷﻜﻞ ٩ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ
ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ
ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ .ﺷﻜﻞ ١٠ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ
ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ
ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ،ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ
ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ،١١
١٢ﻭ ١٣ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ،ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ
ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ١٢ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ٢٠ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ
ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ،ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺷﻜﻞ ١٤
ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ
ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ
ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ
ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ
ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺸﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ
ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ-٤
RNG k-ε ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ. ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ،ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ
:ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ
( ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ١
ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ،ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ
.ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ
ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ،( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ٢
.ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ
( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ٣
.ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ
ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ،( ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ٤
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ.ﺷﻮﺩ
.ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺸﺖ
ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ
ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ
.ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ
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The Quantity of Drying Aids Required to Spray Dry Sugar-Rich Foods,” Drying Technology,
Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 2509 − 25 , 1997 .
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Drying Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 1081− 92 , 1993 .
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Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1997 .
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ -١ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ،٣٨١Kﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ٩ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ١٣٨٢
) (r ×θ × yﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ )ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(
ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ)(K
)٣٤١٥٨٢ (٥٢ × ٣٨ × ١٧٨ ٣٧٦/١ ١٦
)١٧١٣٥٠ (٤٧ × ٢٨ × ١١٥ ٣٧٧/٣ ٧/٢٥
)١٤٢٧٧٦ (٤٤ × ٢٤ × ١٠٨ ٣٧٧/٢ ٤/٢٥
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ -٢ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ)(K
ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ
ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ
ﺩﻭﻡ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ،ﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ، ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ،ﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ،
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ
٦ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ٣٠٧ ٤٢٧ ٣٧٩/٨ ٣٨٣ ٣٦٠ ٣٧٣
٩ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ٢٩٩ ٤٢٧ ٣٧٧/٢ ٣٨١ ٣٥٨/٧ ٣٧١
١٧ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ٣٠٨/٧ ٤٣٧ ٣٨٤/٨ ٣٧٩ ٣٦٤/٤ ٣٦٥
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ -٣ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ،ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ
ﺭﻭﺯ kg kg kg ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ)(K
ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ
s s s
٦ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ٠/٢٣ ٠/٣١ ٠/٠٠١٤ ٢٩١/٦
٩ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺪ ٠/٢٤ ٠/٣٠ ٠/٠٠١٤ ٢٩١
١٧ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ٠/٢٣ ٠/٥٠ ٠/٠٠١٦ ٢٩٨
0.115 0.4
ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ)(m
0.11 0.3
a/R
0.105 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.095 0
0.5 3.5 3.95 5
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)(m
200
190
180
h ( W ) 170
m 2 K 160
150
140
0 1 2 3 4 5
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري از ورودي هﻮاي ﮔﺮم )(m
335
325
دﻣﺎ)(K
315
305
295
0 1 2 3 4 5
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ )(m
ﺩﻣﺎ)(K
355 350
340 ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ 335
325 320
310 ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ 305
295 290
0 0.5 1.7 3 4 5
14
12 )0.5 (m
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)(m/s
10
8 )1.5 (m
6 )2.5 (m
4
2 )3.5 (m
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.65
ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ) (m
21
18
15 )0.5 (m
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)(m/s
415 )0.5(m
400 )1.5 (m
385
ﺩﻣﺎ)(K
370
355 )3.5 (m )2.5 (m
340
325
0 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.65
ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ)(m ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ
ﺷﻜﻞ ٩ـ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ.
316
)3.5 (m
314
ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)(pa
)2.5 (m
312
).5 (m
)1.5 (m
310
0 0.05 0.1 0.3 0.65
24
20
ﺳﺮﻋﺖ)(m/s
16
12
8
4
0
0.2 0.5 1.7 3 4 5
395
380
365
350
0 1 2 3 4 5
400
350
300
ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)(pa
250
200
150
100
50
0.2 1 2 3 4 5