CHAPTER – 8

MOTION

EQUATIONS OF MOTION
There are three equations of motion.
1. v = u + at (velocity-time relation)
2. s = ut + ½ at2 (position-time relation)
s = v2v–2-uu22 (position-velocity relation)
3. 2as=

Derivation
1. v = u + at (velocity-time relation)
Suppose an object is travelling with a velocity ‘u’ m/s. A force acts on the object for
‘t’ seconds and its velocity becomes ‘v’ m/s. During motion the object travels a
distance ‘s’ meters at an acceleration ‘a’ m/s2.

The velocity-time graph for the motion of the object

can be given as:

From graph:
Change is velocity = AB = BE – AE
AB = v – u
Time = DA = OE = t
Now, acceleration = change in velocity/time
a = AB/DA = (v-u)/t
at = v – u
v = u + at

2. s = ut + ½ at2 (position-time relation)

Suppose an object is travelling with a velocity ‘u’ m/s. A force acts on the object for
‘t’ seconds and its velocity becomes ‘v’ m/s. During motion the object travels a
distance ‘s’ meters at an acceleration ‘a’ m/s2.

The velocity-time graph for the motion of the object

can be given as:

From graph:
Distance from D to B = area under the v-t graph
s = area of triangle ABD + area of rectangle DAEO
s = ½ x b xh + L x B
s = ½ x DA x AB + OE x AE
s = ½ x (t) x (v – u) + u x t
s = ut + ½ x t x (at) (since, v = u +at => v – u = at)
s = ut + ½ at2
3. 2as = v2 - u2 (position-time relation)
Suppose an object is travelling with a velocity ‘u’ m/s. A force acts on the object for
‘t’ seconds and its velocity becomes ‘v’ m/s. During motion the object travels a
distance ‘s’ meters at an acceleration ‘a’ m/s2.

The velocity-time graph for the motion of the object

can be given as:

From graph:
Distance from D to B = area under the v-t graph
s = area of trapezium ODBE
s = ½ x (sum of parallel side) x distance between
them
s = ½ x (OD + BE) x DA
s = ½ x (u + v) x t
s = ½ x (v+u) x ((v-u)/a) (since, v = u +at => (v – u)/a = t)
s = (v2 – u2)/2a
2as = v2 – u2