Basic intelligence

MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-1)

Name of Presenter
 INTRODUCTION

For the purpose of this study, let us look into the

importance of intelligence as visualized by Sun Tzu,
a Chinese military philosopher and thinker. He said:
“ If you know the enemy and know yourself, you
need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you
know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory
gained you will also suffer a defeat. It you know
neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in
every battle.”
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II. Definition of Terms:
Intelligence - knowledge acquired by
the collection, evaluation, analysis,
integration and interpretation of all available
information concerning an enemy, whether
actual or potential.
Counter-intelligence - all active and
passive measures taken to ensure the
safeguarding of information, personnel and
materials from espionage, subversion and
sabotage.
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Intelligence cycle - it is a
continuous process. It is a repetition of
what has transpired or become known.
Therefore, there is no first nor last
phase – hence a cycle.
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III. 5 Phases in Intelligence

Cycle
A. Planning or direction of the
collection effort.
B. Collection of information
C. Processing or production of
intelligence.
D. Analysis andproduction of
information
E. Dissemination & use of the
resulting intelligence.
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A. Planning or direction the
collection effort
1. Definition - is a crucial phase
in the production of intelligence
for it is here that we determine
the intelligence requirements to
support the commander’s
mission.
- It is here also that we
. determine which collection
agencies are to exploit which
source.
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Steps to consider in planning:

1. Determining the intelligence

requirements-guidelines/consideration

A. Enemy capabilities - these refer to

enemy strengths which would affect the
accomplishment of the mission.
B. Enemy vulnerabilities - these refer
to enemy weaknesses or that which render
the enemy to damage, deception and defeat.
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C. Weather and terrain - weather
information may be required to determine its
effect on the enemy and the terrain. Terrain
data includes cross-country traffic ability,
obstacles, roads and rail conditions and
susceptibility to flooding.

D. Order of battle - when the enemy

situation is vague, and for purposes of long
range planning, order of battle factors maybe
the basis for intelligence requirements.
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E. Next major decision - future
operations are considered. If the
intelligence does not plan ahead, the
commander, will find himself ready to
continue the work /attack, but the
information of intelligence needed.
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F. Preventing surprise of the command

- required in order to avoid tactical surprise.
G. Information needs of higher or
adjacent units - each level of command
will normally be assigned collection mission
by higher, lower & adjacent headquarters.
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2. Determining the intelligence priorities.
There are two requirement priorities namely:

A) ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
INFORMATION (EEIS)

1. Commander’s highest priority

requirements
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2. Obtained items of information and or
intelligence needed by the
commander in making a decision
with an acceptable degree of
confidence.

3. Information about the enemy and

the aoo that the commander must
have to arrive at a reasonably sound
decision during a particular phase of
an operation.
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B) OTHER INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENTS (OIRS)

-Information needed by the

Commander but are not his highest priority.

1. Collection worksheet - either written

or oral, whereby an intelligence officer takes
the intelligence requirements as announced
by the commander.
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2) Collection agency - it is an
individual or unit which systematically
exploits the source of information in order to
gain the desired information.
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Categories of collection agencies:

1) Intelligence Specialists - individuals

trained in the specialized aspects of
intelligence. Organic to the military
organization.
Ex: ob specialist; interrogators;
photo interpreters
2) Troops - soldiers and their units.
ex: battalion; div corps; field army
3) Special Units - units dealing in the
collection of information.
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B. Collection of information
1.Definition- the systematic extraction
of the information from source.
2. Primary consideration:
A. Source of information - the
actual origin of the information.
(Person, things, detectable enemy
activity)
B. Collection agencies - this
topic has been discussed under
planning collection effort.
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C. Processing or production
of information into
intelligence.

1. Definition: Information is
recorded, evaluated and
interpreted.The end result of
which becomes intelligence.
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2. Three (3) parts of
processing:
A) Recording -
mechanical process whereby
all collected information
recognized in a ready usable
form. - Reduces all
available info, making
interpretation easier and more
accurate.
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2. Tools used in recording:

A. Intelligence journal
B. Intelligence worksheet
C. Enemy situation map
D. Intelligence files
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B) Evaluation - the examination
of information to determine its pertinence
or value in the production of intelligence,
the reliability of its source or agency and,
its credibility or accuracy.
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Evaluation rating
Reliability of source and agency

Probable Accuracy
A - completely reliable 1 - confirmed
B - usually reliable 2 - probably true
C - fairly reliable 3 - possibly true
D - not usually reliable 4 - doubtfully reliable
E - unreliable 5 - improbable
F - judge 6 - truth cannot be judge
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C. Interpretation - determining the
significance of information with respect to
information and intelligence already at
hand and the drawing of conclusions as to
the probable meaning of the evaluated
information.
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Three (3) Components of Interpretation:
1. Analysis - the examination of information
with selected emphasis in the light of what
has been previously known.
- Taking apart an information to critically
examine each component
2. Integration - the combining of selected
data to form a pattern which will have
meaning and establish a basis for deduction
or conclusion.
3. Deduction - is simply the formation of
conclusion concerning the effect of the
evaluated information on the current
situation.
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D. Dissemination and use of intelligence

1. Definition - the process of transmitting

information and intelligence to higher,
lower, and adjacent units for the possible
use.
2. Criteria or consideration in
dissemination:

A. Timeliness - for dissemination to

be timely.
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B. Propriety - for information and

intelligence to be disseminated properly,
they must be:
1) sent to the correct ultimate users.
2) presented in a form that lends
itself for immediate use
3)distributed through the most effective
means of communications appropriate to
both time and securing requirements.
4)adequate and accurate.
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3. Methods of dissemination:

A) by personal contacts which include

staff visits, telephone calls and
conferences.
B. By messages which include spot
report.
C. By intelligence documents, which
include intelligence estimates, intelligence
summary, periodic intelligence reports,
intelligence annex to an operation order,
and tactical study of weather and terrain.
END OF LECTURE

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