Quarter 4 - Week 1

Use appropriate grammatical signals

or expressions suitable to each pattern
of idea development
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

English 8 Quarter 4 Week 1: Learning Activity Sheet Number 1

Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each
pattern of idea development

Pamela C. Altarejos
Writer

Name of Student: ____________________________________________________

Grade level: _____________________________________________
Date: ____________________________

I. Introductory Concept

In this Learning Activity Sheet (LAS), you will learn to use appropriate grammatical
signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea development in the following:

 General to Particular  Cause-Effect

 Claim and Counterclaim  And Others
 Problem-Solution

This LAS is designed to provide you with different activities aligned with the lesson
you will learn today but before accomplishing the activities in this LAS, here are some of the
key concepts you need to know.

General to a specific or deductive logical order

 Is the most common logical organization used in technical communication.

 This logical pattern involves the process of moving from a general statement, premise,
principle, or law to specific details.
 Technical writers and speakers find this logical sequence quite helpful in organizing short
informative talks and presentations, technical descriptions of objects and processes,
classificatory information, and so on. . .
 "General to specific organization follows a direct approach. It leaves very little to the
imagination of readers or listeners because the writer/speaker makes everything clear in the
beginning itself. Generalizations help readers/listeners to understand the details, examples,
and illustrations quickly."
 In composition, general-to-specific order is a method of developing a paragraph, essay, or
speech by moving from a broad observation about a topic to specific details in support of that
topic. Also known as the deductive method of organization, general-to-specific order is more
commonly used than the reverse method, specific-to-general order (the inductive method).

Steps for General-to-Specific Order in Body Paragraphs

(This strategy is effective in cause/effect, comparison/contrast, classification, and argumentation
essays)

1. The topic sentence should identify a general statement about the subject.
2. The writer should choose details that make specific points about the general statement.
3. The writer should make sure the reader can understand and relate to the specific examples.

In summary when developing a paragraph, the main idea (topic sentence) becomes
the general idea and the supporting details make up the specific ideas.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

 Transitional signals are very helpful in spilling details of a general idea.

 Transitions are used in adding information/giving details, giving examples
and even comparing and contrast can be used.
 Depending on the purpose of the paragraph, a wide array of transitions
can be used to develop a paragraph from general to specific. This may range
from coordinating conjunctions and or but to subordinating conjunctions
such as moreover, furthermore, likewise, nevertheless and although to name
a few.
 Transitional devices between sentences to signal time or process may also
be used (during..., in the course of…, over time, along with, next, with, to
name few). (Caution the students that these transitional signals can be used
for variety of purposes, and they should not be confused on their uses.
 You can also employ repetition technique as in repeating referents or
substituting them with pronouns.
 In writing effective paragraphs, the basic composites of unity, coherence and
cohesion should be taken into consideration. Also, mechanics in writing
(grammar, spelling, punctuation and capitalization) are never indispensable.

CLAIM
 is an opinion based position you take on an arguable viewpoint.

COUNTERCLAIM
 is an argument opposed to your thesis, or part of your thesis.
 It expresses the view of a person who disagrees with your position.

Grammatical Signals for Claim and Counterclaim

Stating your Opinion

 It seems to me that …  I must admit that …

 In my opinion, …
 I am of the opinion that …/ I take
the view that ..
 My personal view is that …
 In my experience …
 As far as I understand / can see, …
 As I see it, … / From my point of
view …
 As far as I know … / From what I
know …
 I might be wrong but …
 If I am not mistaken …
 I believe one can (safely) say …
 It is claimed that …
 I cannot deny that …
 I can imagine that …
 I think/believe/suppose …
 Personally, I think …
 That is why I think …
 I am sure/certain/convinced that …
 I am not sure/certain, but …
 I am not sure, because I don't know
the situation exactly.
 I am not convinced that …
 I have read that …
 I am of mixed opinions (about /on) …
 I am of mixed opinions about / on this.
 I have no opinion in this matter.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

Grammatical Signals for Problem and Solution

 The problem is…  One possible solution is

 The dilemma is…  One Challenge… Therefore,
 The Puzzle is…  This led to, so that…
 Solve, Question, Answer  If… then, thus…
 Because Since This led to  Consequently…
 The main difficulty  As a solution…

A cause-effect relationship Grammatical Signals for Cause-Effect

 describes something that happens  As a result…

and why it happens.  because…
 so…
Why it happens is called the cause.  therefore…
What happens is called the effect.  thus…

II. Learning Skills from the MELCs

Upon completion of this LAS, it is expected that you will be able to:

 Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of

idea development:
General to Particular Claim and Counterclaim
Problem-Solution Cause-Effect
And Others

III. Learning Activities

(for remediation)

Activity 1 Expand your limits!

DIRECTIONS: Limit or narrow down the topics listed below. Examples are provided
for your reference. Be guided with the rubrics. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

Example no. 1: Example no. 2:

BROAD TOPIC: Women's Health BROAD TOPIC: Computer Games

NARROWED TOPIC: Women and NARROWED TOPIC: Computer
Cancer Game Violence
FOCUSED TOPIC: Women Smokers FOCUSED TOPIC: Computer Game
and Breast Cancer Violence and Children

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

1. BROAD TOPIC: Terrorism

NARROWED TOPIC: ___________________________________
FOCUSED TOPIC: _____________________________________

2. BROAD TOPIC: Climate Change

NARROWED TOPIC: ___________________________________
FOCUSED TOPIC: _____________________________________

3. BROAD TOPIC: Bullying

NARROWED TOPIC: ___________________________________
FOCUSED TOPIC: _____________________________________

(for enrichment)

Activity 1 Sift for details!

DIRECTIONS: Read the selection carefully. Identify the topic sentence (general idea)
in the paragraph and the grammatical signs used in the selection. Enumerate the
supporting ideas or the specific details. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

The art of woodblock printing first appeared as early as the 1600s within the cities of Kyoto
and Osaka. These early forms of woodblock printing were a very simplistic process utilizing
black ink and colored chalk. Typically during this initial time period, the art form was
considered a lower class of art, therefore it was not sought after the by the higher class.

Over time the woodblock printing process became more complex with the introduction of
various colors by the artist. For this reason, the art form became a group effort of artists,
woodblock carvers and publishers. The fame of the townsmen woodblock printing began
to take root over the centuries as it migrated from the smaller villages to the city of Endo
during the nineteenth century. Indeed, the popularity of woodblock printing in Japan has
stretched from the olden times to the modern, merging styles artistry that is truly Japanese
in identity.

Source: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/a-reflection-of-japanese-culture-history-essay.php

General idea:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Specific ideas:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

GRAMMATICAL SIGNS:
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

(for remediation)

Activity 2 Claim to Counter!

DIRECTIONS: Read each statements carefully and tell whether it is a claim or a

counterclaim. On a sheet of paper, write C if the statement is a claim and CC if it is a
counterclaim.

_____1. I believe that there is life after death.

_____2. I must admit that there are things beyond our understanding but
personally, I am not convinced that there is life after death.
_____3. I am not convinced that there is life after death because there are no
evidence to prove that there is.
_____4. I might be wrong but I believe in the saying “see it to believe it”.
_____5. I believe everyone is entitled to his own opinion and everyone has the
right to express his own belief, that is why I stand with my faith that
there is a supreme being and there is life after death.

(for enrichment)

Activity 2 Believe me I’m right!

DIRECTIONS: Complete the following statements on the issue below. Write your
answer on a sheet of paper.

Technology Innovations: Good or Bad?

1. It seems to me that …
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. I am not sure/certain, but …

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Personally, I think …
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. My personal view is that …

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. It may be good but on the other hand…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

(for remediation)

Activity 3 Problem Solved!

DIRECTIONS: Read the passage thoroughly. Identify the problems and solutions
stated in the passage by completing the table below. Write your answers on a sheet
of paper.

Asian women of today still face a lot of challenges caused by racial and cultural
biases. One of these is the community’s long-time subscription to the dominant ideology of
patriarchy which has led to the suppression of women’s productive capacities. Although
serious concerns have arisen as a result of gender disparity, there will always be solutions.
Government should establish mechanisms to accelerate woman participation and
leadership in nation-building through education. Second, communities should invest in
women-run business and boost their entrepreneurial skills. Lastly, everybody should
support and stand with solidarity with woman in their struggle for human dignity.

PROBLEM SOLUTION

(for enrichment)

Activity 3 Problem solved level up!

DIRECTIONS: Read the passage thoroughly. Identify the problems and solutions
stated in the passage and enumerate the grammatical signals used. Complete the
table below. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

People who live in apartments in big cities often face an annoying hardship: the
walls and ceilings are very thin. That means you can hear your neighbors but also they can
hear your neighbors but also they can hear you! This can lead to disputes and conflicts
with neighbors. Some people are concerned that living in this manner is to actually live in
a continual state of invasion of privacy. Although the source of the noise cannot be
eliminated, the difficulty can be relieved with some rather simple DIY remedies. The
internet, or stores like Ace or Home Depot, are good places to begin looking for some
possible solutions.

GRAMMATICAL
PROBLEM SOLUTION
SIGNALS USED

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate
BUYO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

(for remediation)

Activity 4 Be-CAUSE it effects!

DIRECTIONS: Complete the statements by choosing the best cause or effect. Write
your answers on a sheet of paper.

 because she studied very hard

1. It had begun to rain
 because she saw Ely with another girl.
2. Chelsea got an A on her Science test
 so Iris and Basti had to run inside
3. Mia got her heart broken
 because all of his friends wanted him to
4. Mike spent all day in the kitchen
make dinner for them
5. As a result of the strong typhoon
 many houses and trees lay in complete
ruins.
(for enrichment)

Activity 4 Under_Cover

DIRECTIONS: Underline once the cause and twice for the effect in the following
sentences.

1. There is water shortage in the whole area because of La Niña or excessive drought.
2. When goods are either imported or exported without passing the Bureau of
Customs, or even if they pass through customs but are misdeclared or undertaxed,
economic sabotage is committed.
3. Since the economy is badly in need of foreign exchange, the trading laws have to
be strictly enforced.
4. Despite the availability of new money and other credit facilities, the government
monetary and fiscal authorities will continue to impose tight controls on credit and
liquidity.
5. The lure of high salaries, cheap goods, and adventure in Hong Kong has become
so irresistible to many housewives so they are forced to leave their families behind to
work in the British Crown colony in search of a better life.

IV. Rubric for Scoring

For activity 1 (remediation): For activity 2 (enrichment):

CRITERIA POINTS CRITERIA POINTS
Relevance to Main Clarity of Content 10
10
topics Organization 5
Organization of Grammar 5
10
Content TOTAL 20
TOTAL 20
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

V. Answer Key
Activity 1
Activity 1 (for enrichment):
(for remediation):
General idea: The popularity of woodblock printing in
(Answers may vary) Japan has stretched from the olden times to the
modern, merging styles artistry that is truly Japanese
in identity.
Activity 2
(for Activity 2 Specific ideas: (all the rest of the sentences in the
remediation): (for paragraphs)
enrichment):
1. C GRAMMATICAL SIGNS:
 woodblock printing
2. CC (Answers may  Typically during this initial time period
3. CC vary)  Therefore
4. CC  Over time
5. C  For this reason
 as

Activity 3 (for remediation):

PROBLEM
 community’s long-time subscription
to the dominant ideology of
patriarchy
 suppression of women’s productive
capacities
 gender disparity
SOLUTION
 Government should establish mechanisms to
accelerate woman participation and leadership in
nation-building through education
 communities should invest in women-run
business and boost their entrepreneurial skills
 everybody should support and stand with
solidarity with woman in their struggle for human
dignity

Activity 3 (for enrichment):

GRAMMATICAL
PROBLEM SOLUTION
SIGNALS USED
 walls and ceilings are very thin
 you can hear your neighbors but also  simple DIY remedies  That means
they can hear your neighbors but also which can be found  Although
they can hear you in the internet or  This can lead
 disputes and conflicts with neighbors stores like Ace and
 invasion of privacy Home Depot

Activity 4 (for remediation):

1. It had begun to rain so Iris and Basti had to run inside.

2. Chelsea got an A on her Science test because she studied very hard.
3. Mia got her heart broken because she saw Ely with another girl.
4. Mike spent all day in the kitchen because all of his friends wanted him to
make dinner for them.
5. As a result of the strong typhoon many houses and trees lay in complete
ruins.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION V
Schools Division Office of Masbate

Activity 4 (for enrichment):

1. There is water shortage in the whole area because of La Niña or excessive

drought.
2. When goods are either imported or exported without passing the Bureau of
Customs, or even if they pass through customs but are misdeclared or
undertaxed, economic sabotage is committed.
3. Since the economy is badly in need of foreign exchange, the trading laws have
to be strictly enforced.
4. Despite the availability of new money and other credit facilities, the
government monetary and fiscal authorities will continue to impose tight controls
on credit and liquidity.
5. The lure of high salaries, cheap goods, and adventure in Hong Kong has
become so irresistible to many housewives so they are forced to leave their
families behind to work in the British Crown colony in search of a better life.

VI. References

Department of Education Detailed Lesson Plan Grade 8 Second Quarter 2019-2020

Book

(M. Ashraf Rizvi, Effective Technical Communication. Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005)

(Roberta L. Sejnost and Sharon Thiese, Reading and Writing Across Content Areas,
2nd ed. Corwin Press, 2007)

Electronic Resources

Richard Nordquist Updated May 09, 2019

https://www.thoughtco.com/general-to-specific-order-composition-1690812

The art of woodblock printing

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/a-reflection-of-japanese-culture-history-
essay.php

Grammatical Signs for Claim and Counterclaim

https://www.ego4u.com/en/business-english/communication/opinion

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