RR 6851

KINS/RR-685
ANSYS
Seismic Analysis of Mechanical Components
by ANSYS
2009

ANSYS
.
: ANSYS
(Seismic Analysis of Mechanical Components by ANSYS)
2009 9
Abstract
Presented in this study is a theoretical background developed in ANSYS for the time
history analysis due to seismic excitation. The effect of the base excitation types on the
responses is investigated by comparing response histories between various excitations.
In addition to the base excitations, acceleration time histories are applied to the whole
model using the command ACEL in ANSYS with a base fixed, which is a traditional
case used in the transient analysis for the seismic excitation. Finally the response
spectrum analysis is performed to generate stresses. All results of these analyses are
compared with each other and the analysis characteristics are addressed for the
responses such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, response spectrum and stress etc.,
with respect to the various excitation types for the seismic analysis. Finally the
applicability of the analysis types is suggested for the regulatory audit calculation.
Keywords : earthquake, time history, response spectrum, acceleration, velocity,

displacement, equivalent stress
ANSYS
.
.

ANSYS
ACEL
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, ,
.
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ii
Table of Contents
Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
List of Tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v

List of Figures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
1.
Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.
Theoretical Background ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3
3.
Analysis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
3.1 Finite element model -------------------------------------------------------------- 7
3.2 Modal analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
3.3 Time history analysis -------------------------------------------------------------- 8
3.4 Response spectrum analysis ------------------------------------------------------ 9
4.
Results and Discussion ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10
5.
Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
References --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Appendices
A.
RSFTH (Program to Generate Response Spectrum from Time History) --------- 35
B.
ANSYS Input Decks --------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
C.
Time History Analysis using Single Load Step -------------------------------------- 72
iii
iv
List of Tables
Table 1
Frequency summaries ------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Table 2
Equivalent stress summaries ------------------------------------------------------ 23
vi
List of Figures
Figure 1
Finite element model of cantilever beam ------------------------------------ 7
Figure 2
Acceleration time history ------------------------------------------------------ 9
Figure 3
Velocity time history ----------------------------------------------------------- 9
Figure 4
Displacement time history ----------------------------------------------------- 10
Figure 5
Response spectrum generated for 2% damping ----------------------------- 11
Figure 6
Mode shapes of cantilever beam ---------------------------------------------- 13
Figure 7
Damping ratio used in the analysis ------------------------------------------- 14
Figure 8
Response histories for base excitation of acceleration --------------------- 16
Figure 9
Response histories for base excitation of velocity -------------------------- 17
Figure 10
Response histories for base excitation of displacement -------------------- 18
Figure 11
Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node

for base excitation of acceleration -------------------------------------------- 19
Figure 12

for base excitation of velocity ------------------------------------------------- 20
Figure 13

for base excitation of displacement ------------------------------------------ 21
Figure 14
Response histories of top node for ACEL excitation with bottom

nodes fixed ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Figure 15
Contour plot of equivalent stress from response spectrum analysis ------ 23
Figure 16
Equivalent stress histories for different excitations ------------------------ 24
Figure 17
Response spectra generated for different excitations ----------------------- 26
Figure 18
Response histories for base excitation of acceleration by integration

or differentiation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Figure 19
Response histories for base excitation of velocity by integration

or differentiation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 29
vii
Figure 20
Response histories for base excitation of displacement by integration

or differentiation --------------------------------------------------------------- 30
Figure 21
Response histories for ACEL excitation at top node by integration

or differentiation --------------------------------------------------------------- 31
viii
1. Introduction
Structures and equipments in a nuclear power plant are required to be designed or

qualified to resist the combined effects of a large number of loads including static
loads and multiple dynamic loads. Dynamic loads are either transmitted directly to the
entire primary structure of a nuclear power plant in a form of vibratory loads or they
may be generated within the primary structures due to plant conditions. The dynamic
loads which are considered in the design/evaluation include those from natural
phenomena like earthquakes, and from plant conditions which are postulated to occur,
for example, pipe break loads.
To obtain the dynamic response of structures and equipments in a nuclear power plant,
utilities use their own methodologies and computer programs which are not made
public. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the commercialized general-purpose
computer programs for the regulatory purpose of the dynamic analysis due to
earthquake.
Many commercial computer programs are available for the transient seismic analysis
and one of them is ANSYS (2009) which has been officially used in the regulatory
body in Korea and maintained by TaeSung S&E Inc. Up to Version 10 of ANSYS,
there is no way to apply the acceleration time histories directly for the base excitation.
Therefore the acceleration time histories are applied to the whole model using the
ACEL command (designated as ACEL case hereafter). But ANSYS Version 11 made
it possible to include the acceleration time histories in the D command which defines
degree-of-freedom (DOF) constraints at nodes. Or, it is now possible to apply all kind
of degree of freedom to specified nodes as a base excitation.
-1-
Therefore presented in this study is a theoretical background used in ANSYS for the
time history analysis due to seismic excitation. The effect of the base excitation types
on the responses is investigated by comparing response histories between various
excitations. In addition to the base excitations, acceleration time histories are applied to
the whole model using the command ACEL with a base fixed, which is a traditional
case used in the transient analysis for the seismic excitation. Finally the response
spectrum analysis is performed to generate stresses. All results of these analyses are
compared with each other and the analysis characteristics are addressed for the
responses such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, response spectrum and stress
etc., with respect to the various excitation types for the seismic analysis. Finally the
applicability of the analysis types is suggested for the regulatory audit calculation.
-2-
2. Theoretical Background
The transient dynamic equilibrium equation of interest is as follows:
[M ]{u&&n } + [C ]{u& n } + [K ]{u n } = { F a n }

where [M ] , [C ] , [K ] ,
(1)
{ u&&n } , { u& n } , { u n } and
{F }
a
are structural mass matrix,
structural damping matrix, structural stiffness matrix, nodal acceleration vector, nodal
velocity vector, nodal displacement vector and applied load vector, respectively. The
finite difference expansions in the time interval t is (Bathe, 1996):
{ u&n+1} = { u&n } + [(1 ){ u&&n } + { u&&n+1}]t
(2)
{ un+1} = { un } + { u&n }t + 1 { u&&n } + { u&&n+1} t 2

2
(3)
where and are Newmark integration parameters related to the input as follows:
1
(1 + )2 , = 1 +
4
2
(4)
where is an amplitude decay factor.
Equation (3) can be represented for
{ u&&n +1} as:
-3-
{ u&&n+1 } =
{ u n+1 } { u n } { u& n }
t
1{ u&&n }
t 2
(5)
= a 0 [{ u n +1 } { u n }] a 2 { u& n } a3 { u&&n }
where
a0 =
1
1
1
, a2 =
, a3 =
1
2
t
t
2
(6)
Also, equation (2) can be rearranged as:
{ u&n+1} = { u&n } + (1 )t{ u&&n } + t{ u&&n+1} = { u& n } + a6 { u&&n } + a7 { u&&n+1}
(7)
where
a6 = (1 )t , a7 = t
(8)
Substituting equation (5) into equation (7) gives the equation for
{u& n+1 } as:
{ u&n+1} = a7 a0 [{ un+1} { un }] (a7 a2 1){ u&n } (a7 a3 a6 ){ u&&n }

= a1 [{ u n+1 } { u n }] a4 { u& n } a5 { u&&n }
(9)
where
a1 = a7 a0 =
, a4 = a7 a2 1 = 1, a5 = a7 a3 a6 = 2
t
-4-
(10)
Substituting equations (9) and (5) for velocity and acceleration into equation (1) gives
[M ][a0 ({ un+1} { un }) a2 { u&n } a3 { u&&n }] + [C ]{a1 [{ un+1} { un }] a4 { u&n } a5 { u&&n }}
+ [K ]{ u n+1 } = F
n +1
(11)
Rearranging equation (11)
(a0 [M ] + a1 [C ] + [K ]){un+1} = {F a n+1}+ [M ](a0 {un } + a2 {u&n } + a3 {u&&n })

(12)
+ [C ](a1 {u n } + a4 {u& n } + a5 {u&&n })
Representing this equation as follows:
[K e ]{ un+1} = { Fe n+1}
where [K e ] and
{Fe }
(13)
are effective stiffness matrix and effective load vector as
follows:
[K e ] = a0 [M ] + a1 [C ] + [K ]
{ Fe n+1} = { F
n+1
}+ [M ](a { u } + a { u& } + a { u&& }) + [C ](a { u } + a { u& } + a { u&& })

0
(14)
The solution for the displacement at time tn+1 is obtained by solving equations (13)
such that:
{ un+1} = [K e ]1{ Fe n+1}
(15)
-5-
Once a solution is obtained for
{ u n+1 }, velocities and accelerations are updated as
described in equations (9) and (5), respectively.
The solution of equation (11) by means of equations (2) and (3) is unconditionally
stable for (Zienkiewicz, 1977):
11
42
1
2
+ , ,
1
+ + > 0
2
(16)
-6-
3. Analysis
3.1
Finite element model
Consider a simple cantilever beam with clamped-free boundary conditions at bottom

and top ends. The beam has a height of 50 m and a width of 1 m. The physical
properties of the material are as follows: Young's modulus = 69.0 GPa, Poisson's ratio
= 0.3, and mass density = 2700 kg/m3.
Two-dimensional model is constructed for the finite element analysis. The beam is
modeled as 2-D structural solid elements (PLANE182) with four nodes having two
degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. This
element can be used as either a plane element or an axisymmetric element. The model
has 200 (radially 2 axially 100) elements as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Finite element model of cantilever beam
-7-
3.2
Modal analysis
Finite element analysis using a commercial computer code ANSYS 11.0 (2009) is
performed to find the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam with a fixed free
boundary condition.
The Block Lanczos method is used for the eigenvalue and eigenvector extractions to
calculate sufficient number of frequencies including fluid modes (Grimes et al., 1994).
It uses the Lanczos algorithm where the Lanczos recursion is performed with a block
of vectors. This method is as accurate as the subspace method, but faster. The Block
Lanczos method is especially powerful when searching for eigenfrequencies in a given
part of the eigenvalue spectrum of a given system. The convergence rate of the
eigenfrequencies will be about the same when extracting modes in the midrange and
higher end of the spectrum as when extracting the lowest modes.
3.3
Time history analysis
The corrected accelerogram of El Centro site Imperial valley irrigation district on May
18, 1940 is shown in Figure 2 for east-west direction. The corresponding velocity and
displacement time histories are also shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. Theses
three time histories are used as a forcing function as a base excitation for the transient
time history analysis.
In addition to the base excitations, the acceleration time histories are applied to the
whole model with a base fixed in all six degrees of freedom using the ACEL command.
-8-
3
El Centro (May 18, 1940)
EW
Acceleration (m/sec )
-1
-2
-3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (sec)
Figure 2. Acceleration time history
0.50
EW
Velocity (m/sec)
0.25
0.00
-0.25
-0.50
0
10
20
30
40
Time (sec)
Figure 3. Velocity time history
-9-
50
0.3
EW
Displacement (m)
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
10
20
30
40
Time (sec)
Figure 4. Displacement time history
- 10 -
50
3.4
Response spectrum analysis
The response spectrum is generated from the time history using the program RSFTH
developed in this study for 2% damping ratio as shown in Figure 5. It is applied to the
bottom of the structure which is fixed in all six degrees of freedom. The responses of
equivalent stresses at two typical elements are investigated.
10
Acceleration (g)
DAMP = 2%
El Centro _ EW
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5. Response spectrum generated for 2% damping
- 11 -
4. Results and Discussion
Frequencies and mode shapes of a cantilever beam are obtained by the finite element
method and the first several modes are shown in Figure 6 and the first 15 lateral and
axial frequencies are summarized in Table 1. These frequencies are used to determine
the viscous damping, and , which is calculated as follows (Jhung, 2009) for a
given damping ratio (i and j) and a frequency range (i and j):
2 i j ( i j j i )
(11)
i 2 j 2
2( i i j j )
(12)
i 2 j 2
The frequency range is chosen from 0.3 Hz to 209 Hz to encompass the first 20
frequency range of the model. For the damping ratio of 2%, and , the mass and
stiffness matrix multipliers for damping, are calculated as 1.1983E-2 and 1.9111E-4,
respectively. For an arbitrary frequency, the damping ratio can be computed as shown
in Figure 7.
- 12 -
Figure 6. Mode shapes of cantilever beam
- 13 -
Table 1. Frequency summaries

Lateral mode
Axial mode
Number
Frequency (Hz)
Number
Frequency
0.346
25.287
2.164
75.865
6.045
126.457
11.804
177.074
19.427
227.725
28.866
278.419
40.066
329.166
52.969
379.975
67.507
430.855
10
83.614
10
481.817
11
101.218
11
532.868
12
120.248
12
584.017
13
140.633
13
635.274
14
162.304
14
686.647
15
185.194
15
738.143
Damping Ratio (%)
0
0.1
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 7. Damping ratio used in the analysis
- 14 -
Three time history analyses are performed using the base excitations of acceleration,
velocity and displacement time histories as shown in Figures 2 through 4. The resulting
displacement, velocity and acceleration time histories at the top (103) and bottom
(204) nodes of the beam are shown in Figures 8 through 10, respectively. Also the
relative responses of the top node with respect to the bottom node are shown in Figures
11 through 13. When the bottom node is fixed and the acceleration is applied to the
whole beam with the command ACEL, the responses are shown in Figure 14, which
should be compared with Figures 8 through 10.
When the excitation is applied as an acceleration time histories, the rigid body motion
is appeared as shown in Figure 8 while the velocity responses are almost the same as
the predetermined motions. If velocity time histories are used as a base excitation the
finite element model follows the predetermined displacement motions as in Figures 10,
but the accelerations shows a very strange shape especially for the excitation points
with almost zero values (1.0E-10). If displacement time histories are used as a base
excitation, the velocity and acceleration responses are found not to be proper
comparing with predetermined especially for the accelerations at excitation points with
a very high value (1.0E+5) as shown in Figure 10. Figure 14 shows the responses when
the acceleration is applied to the whole model with a base fixed instead of base
excitation. In this case, the top node responses such as displacement, velocity and
acceleration are very similar to those of the case for the base excitation of acceleration
but the velocity and displacement behave not having a damping. The relative responses
of the tope node with respect to the bottom are shown in Figures 11 through 13 and
they show similar shapes of time histories.
- 15 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 8. Response histories for base excitation of acceleration
- 16 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 9. Response histories for base excitation of velocity
- 17 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 10. Response histories for base excitation of displacement
- 18 -
Figure 11. Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node for
base excitation of acceleration
- 19 -
base excitation of velocity
- 20 -
base excitation of displacement
- 21 -
Figure 14. Response histories of top node for ACEL excitation with bottom nodes
fixed
- 22 -
The equivalent stress at the top (100) and bottom (1) elements are shown in Figure 16
for different excitation methods. Also the contour plot of equivalent stress from the
response spectrum analysis is shown in Figure 15. The maximum equivalent stresses
are shown in Table 2 for all forcing terms. As indicated in the table, the displacement
excitation gives the biggest responses among base excitations and the responses due to
response spectrum and ACEL are almost the same. Therefore it is concluded that
ACEL case generates the similar responses with the response spectrum analysis in the
stress point of view.
Table 2. Equivalent stress summaries

Input forcing term
Base excitation (Acceleration)
Base excitation (Velocity)
Base excitation (Displacement)
ACEL
Response spectrum
Equivalent stress (Pa)

Top element 100
Bottom element 1
0.1666E+05
0.4484E+06
0.1844E+05
0.4080E+06
0.2518E+06
0.1766E+08
0.2365E+05
0.2657E+08
0.1217E+05
0.2720E+08
Figure 15. Contour plot of equivalent stress from response spectrum analysis
- 23 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 16. Equivalent stress histories for different excitations
- 24 -
The response spectra are generated from the displacement time histories at two nodes,
top (103) and bottom (204) nodes and they are shown in Figures 17 for four different
excitations. The spectrum generated shows increasing values with increasing
frequencies for displacement excitation, which can be expected from the displacement
time histories of Figure 10 with less than 10 peaks within 50 seconds.
The displacement excitation was expected to generate the correct response spectra
because ANSYS requires a displacement time history to generate it in the command
RESP. But as shown in Figure 17, the response spectrum at the bottom node where
the seismic excitation is applied is not correct except for the acceleration excitation.
Even though the displacement time histories of bottom node of Figures 9 and 10 are
almost the same as in the Figure 4, they do not generate the correct response spectrum.
When the acceleration is used as a base excitation, the displacement time history shows
a rigid body motion as in Figure 8 but its response spectrum is the same as the forcing
response spectrum shown in Figure 17 and Figure 5.
Comparison of response spectrum at top node shows that the first peak spectrum value
from ACEL is higher than that of the other cases. This explains that the equivalent
stress from ACEL is higher than that of the other cases except displacement excitation
which does not have a proper representation of the spectrum.
- 25 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 17. Response spectra generated for different excitations
- 26 -
The response histories such as displacement, velocity and acceleration can be

calculated by integrating or differentiating certain excitations. For example, if the
acceleration time history is used as a base excitation, the velocity time history at the
base can be generated by integrating the acceleration time history. Also the
displacement time histories can be generated by integrating the velocity time history. If
the displacement time history is used as a base excitation, the corresponding velocity
and acceleration time histories can be generated by differentiating displacement and
velocity time histories, respectively. The response histories obtained in this manner are
shown in Figures 18 through 21.
When comparing the responses between ANSYS generated values and values
generated by integration or differentiation, the integration case shows almost the same
responses but the differentiation gives different responses. By observation of the time
histories, time history component generated by integration or differentiation is
assumed to give the correct responses. Therefore it is summarized as follows:
If the displacement time history is used as an excitation, the corresponding velocity

and acceleration may not be correct.
If the velocity time history is used as an excitation, the corresponding acceleration

may not be correct.
- 27 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 18. Response histories for base excitation of acceleration by integration or

differentiation
- 28 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 19. Response histories for base excitation of velocity by integration or

differentiation
- 29 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure 20. Response histories for base excitation of displacement by integration or

differentiation
- 30 -
Figure 21. Response histories for ACEL excitation at top node by integration or
differentiation
- 31 -
5. Conclusions
Three types of excitations such as displacement, velocity and acceleration, are applied
to the base of the structure for the seismic analysis and their responses are compared
with each other. Also, accelerations are applied to the whole structure with a base fixed
and response spectrum analysis is performed. The responses due to these excitation
methods are compared to investigate the effectiveness of the analysis method to get the
responses due to earthquake, generating the following conclusions:
The response displacement, velocity and acceleration can be obtained by

integrating or differentiating the corresponding component in ANSYS. In this case,
responses by integration are the same for those determined in ANSYS itself. But
responses by differentiation are not the same. Therefore care should be taken to
generate time history responses for displacement and velocity excitations.
The equivalent stresses due to base excitations of velocity and accelerations at the
top element are similar to those due to accelerations applied to the whole structure.
For the bottom element consisting of nodes where the excitations are applied to, the
equivalent stresses due to base excitation of accelerations are the same those due to
accelerations applied to the whole structure.
The response spectra generated due to base excitation of acceleration and

accelerations applied to the whole structure are very similar. Especially the
response spectra generated at the excitation nodes are correct only for the
acceleration excitations even though the displacement time histories showed a rigid
body motions. In contract, spectra for the velocity and displacement excitations not
correct even though the displacement time histories are exactly correct and the
ANSYS is documented to use the displacement time histories to generate the
spectra.
- 32 -
The displacement excitation gives the biggest stresses among base excitations.
Therefore, it was suggested to take care when using ANSYS for the time history
analysis due to seismic excitations as follows:
The only acceptable excitation type is ACEL, which applies acceleration time
histories to the whole model with a base fixed.
When acceleration time histories are applied as a base excitation, the rigid body
motion may be appeared which should be carefully investigated.
When velocity or displacement time histories are applied as a base excitation, the
corresponding velocity, acceleration or response spectra generated during the
analysis may not be correct.
It is not recommended to use the D command which defines DOF constraints at

nodes for the time history analysis due to seismic excitation.
- 33 -
References
ANSYS, Inc., 2009, Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench Release
12.0, Canonsburg, PA.
Bathe, K.J., 1996, Finite Element Procedures, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Grimes, R.G., Lewis, J.G., and Simon, H.D., 1994, A Shifted Block Lanczos
Algorithm for Solving Sparse Symmetric Generalized Eigenproblems, SIAM
Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, Vol.15, No.1, pp.228-272.
Jhung, M.J., 2009, Dynamic Response Characteristics of Cylindrical Shells

Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction, KINS/RR-677, Korea Institute of Nuclear
Safety, Daejeon Korea.
Zienkiewicz, O.C., 1977, The Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill Company,
London.
- 34 -
Appendix A
RSFTH
(Program to Generate Response Spectrum from Time History)
1.
Introduction
The RSFTH (Response Spectrum from Time History) program is used to compute a
response spectrum from a given acceleration time history file. The time history is input
from the output file of the GENTH program. The output from RSFTH is a listing of the
computed points on the response curve.
2.
Spectrum Generation
A response spectrum is generated by imposing the motion of the point of interest on a

series of single-mass oscillator over a period of time and calculating the maximum
displacement, velocity, or acceleration. Considering a single mass oscillator as shown
in Figure A-1 with Mi = mass of oscillator i, Ci = damping of oscillator i, Ki = stiffness
of oscillator i, ui = motion of oscillator i and ub = motion of base, the natural frequency
in the absence of damping is:
i =
Ki
Mi
(A-1)
The basic equation of motion of the oscillator can be given as:
M i u&&i + C i u& ir + K i u ir = 0
- 35 -
(A-2)
where the relative motion of oscillator i is defined by u ir = u i u b . The ratio of

viscous damping is given by:
i =
Ci
Ccr ,i
(A-3)
where Ccr,i (= 2 K i M i ) is a critical damping coefficient.
Combing Equations (A-1) through (A-3) gives the following equation which will be
solved essentially as a linear transient dynamic analysis.
2
u&&ir + 2 i i u& ir + i u ir = u b
(A-4)
The solution of Equation (A-4) for the maximum response, uir max , at various
frequencies results in the spectral response curve.
ui
Mi
Ki
Ci
ub
Figure A-1. Single mass oscillator
- 36 -
3.
3.1
Input Deck for RSFTH
Input Deck for Main Program
A file (TAPE5) containing title crad, control card and several frequency cards is prepared.
Title Card
Col. 1-80, TITLE
Control Card
Col. 1-5, NFREQ
Format (20A4)
Title of case
Format (2I5, 3F10.4)

Total number of frequencies at which responses
are to be computed including initial frequency
Col. 6-10, INAONE
= 1 if user wishes to specify first time history

point as input in this run
= 0 or blank if no addition of initial point is
desired
Col. 11-20, C
Integration interval as a fraction of the period of

the response frequency (Usually C = 0.10)
Col. 21-30, ASCALE
= 1.0 for input acceleration in gs.

= scale factor for input acceleration other than
gs.
Col. 31-40, DAMP
Frequency Cards
Col. 1-10, FREQ
Damping coefficient ratio
Format (F10.4)
Frequencies at which response is to be computed
(NFREQ cards are required).
- 37 -
3.2
Input Deck for Time History
A file (TAPE8) containing the time histories from which spectra are to be created is
required. This can be generated using the GENTH program.
Control Card
Col. 1-5, LAST
Format (I5, 2F10.4)

Number of input time history points (add + 1 if
INAONE=1)
Col. 6-15, DEL
Time step between input time history points (in

seconds)
Col. 16-25, AONE
Initial acceleration if INAONE=1, otherwise leave

blank
Time History Cards

Col. 1-40, A(I)
Format (4F10.4)
Acceleration in gs at time sequence I
(NFREQ/4 cards are required).
4.
4.1
Program Lists
RSFTH
PROGRAM RSFTH
!******************************************************************
!
RSFTH (Response Spectrum from Time History) Code
*
!
*
!
Developed by MJ Jhung (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)
*
!
for generating spectrum
*
!
*
!******************************************************************
CHARACTER*12 FIN,FOUT,FACC
DIMENSION A(35000),ORDINA(300),ORDINB(300),ORDINC(300),
1
ORDIND(300),TITLE(20)
REAL MAXACCL, MAXFREQ
- 38 -
!
WRITE(*,*) '--- INPUT FILE NAME ? ---'
READ(*,2) FIN
WRITE(*,*) '--- ACCELERATION TIME HISTORY FILE NAME ? ---'
READ(*,2) FACC
WRITE(*,*) '--- OUTPUT FILE NAME ? ---'
READ(*,2) FOUT
2 FORMAT(A12)
OPEN(5,FILE=FIN)
OPEN(8,FILE=FACC)
OPEN(6,FILE=FOUT)
!
READ(5,11) (TITLE(I),I=1,20)
11 FORMAT(20A4)
WRITE(6,12) (TITLE(I),I=1,20)
12 FORMAT(20A4//)
!
MAXACCL=0.0
MAXFREQ=0.0
LPT=1
NUMFREQ=0
!
READ(5,6) NFREQ,INAONE,C,ASCALE,DAMP
6 FORMAT(2I5,3F10.4)
WRITE(6,166) NFREQ,INAONE,C,ASCALE,DAMP
166 FORMAT ("NFREQ =
",I5,/,"INAONE =
",I5,/,
1
"C =
",F10.4,/,"ASCALE = ",F10.4,/,
2
"DAMP =
",F10.4//)
!
WRITE(6,600)
600 FORMAT(5X,'FREQUENCY(CPS)
MAX ABSOLUTE ACCEL(g)
1ATIVE VEL(gSEC)
TIME
MAX RELATIVE DISPL(gSEC2)
IPT=0
!
IF(INAONE.NE.0) READ(8,32) LAST,DEL,AONE
32 FORMAT(I5,2F10.4)
IF(INAONE.EQ.0) READ(8,33) LAST,DEL
33 FORMAT(I5,F10.4)
IF(INAONE.EQ.1) LPT=2
READ(8,44) (A(I),I=LPT,LAST)
44 FORMAT(4F10.6)
IF(INAONE.EQ.1) A(1)=AONE
DO 16 I=1,LAST
16 A(I)=A(I)*ASCALE
!
1 READ(5,10) FREQ
10 FORMAT(F10.4)
OMEGA=2.*3.141592*FREQ
NUMFREQ=NUMFREQ+1
TN=1.0/FREQ
ENCR=C*TN
KOUNT=0
IND=1
YDD=A(1)
- 39 -
TIME
MAX REL
TIME'//)
TS=0.
TE=DEL
TM=0.
II=1
30 KOUNT=KOUNT+1
FF=YDD
GO TO (50,55), IND
50 UN=0.
UND=0.
UDDN=-FF
GO TO 60
55 UDDN=-((DAMP*OMEGA*STEP+(OMEGA*STEP)**2./3.)*UDDO+(2.*DAMP*OMEGA+
1
OMEGA**2.*STEP)*UDO+OMEGA**2.*UO+FF)/(1.+DAMP*OMEGA*STEP+
2
(OMEGA*STEP)**2./6.)
UDN=UDO+(UDDN*STEP/2.)+UDDO*STEP/2.
UN=UO+UDO*STEP+UDDO*STEP**2./3.+UDDN*STEP**2./6.
GO TO 65
60 UMAX=0.
UDNAX=0.
UDDMAX=0.
XDDMAX=0.
TMAX=0.
IND=2
65 IF(ABS(UN).GE.UMAX) UMAX=ABS(UN)
IF(ABS(UN).GE.UMAX) TMAX=TM
XDD=UDDN+YDD
IF(ABS(UDN).GE.UDMAX) UDMAX=ABS(UDN)
IF(ABS(XDD).GE.XDDMAX) XDDMAX=ABS(XDD)
IF(ABS(UDN).GE.UDMAX) TMAXV=TM
IF(ABS(XDD).GE.XDDMAX) TMAXA=TM
70 UO=UN
UDO=UDN
UDDO=UDDN
IF(II-LAST) 175,170,170
175 TEMP=TM+ENCR
IF(TEMP-TE) 185,190,195
185 YDD=((TE-TEMP)*A(II)+(TEMP-TS)*A(II+1))/(TE-TS)
TM=TEMP
STEP=ENCR
GO TO 30
190 YDD=A(II+1)
TM=TEMP
STEP=ENCR
TS=TE
TE=TE+DEL
II=II+1
GO TO 30
195 YDD=A(II+1)
STEP=TE-TM
TM=TE
TS=TE
TE=TE+DEL
II=II+1
GO TO 30
- 40 -
170 CONTINUE
IPT=IPT+1
ORDINA(IPT)=XDDMAX
ORDINB(IPT)=UDMAX
ORDINC(IPT)=UMAX
! Create max acceleration and frequency values
MAXFREQ=FREQ
IF(ORDINA(IPT).LE.MAXACCL) GO TO 102
MAXACCL=ORDINA(IPT)
102 CONTINUE
WRITE(6,105) FREQ,ORDINA(IPT),TMAXA,ORDINB(IPT),TMAXV,
1
ORDINC(IPT),TMAX
105 FORMAT(8X,E11.4,6X,E11.4,9X,F5.2,7X,E11.4,9X,F5.2,8X,E11.4,11X,
1
F5.2)
IF(NUMFREQ.NE.NFREQ) GO TO 1
STOP
END
4.2
GENTH
PROGRAM GENTH
!******************************************************************
!
GENTH (Generation of Time History) Code
*
!
*
!
Developed by MJ Jhung (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)
*
!
for arbitrary format
*
!
*
!******************************************************************
CHARACTER*12 FIN,FOUT
!
WRITE(*,*) '--- INPUT FILE NAME ? ---'
READ(*,2) FIN
WRITE(*,*) '--- OUTPUT FILE NAME ? ---'
READ(*,2) FOUT
OPEN(5,FILE=FIN)
OPEN(6,FILE=FOUT)
2 FORMAT(A12)
!
READ(5,10) NREC
10 FORMAT(I10)
READ(5,11) LAST,DEL,AONE
11 FORMAT(I5,2F10.4)
WRITE(6,11) LAST,DEL,AONE
DO 100 I=1,NREC
READ(5,20) T1,A1,T2,A2,T3,A3,T4,A4
100 WRITE(6,30) A1,A2,A3,A4
20 FORMAT(F6.3,F12.6,3(F7.3,F11.6))
30 FORMAT(4F10.4)
STOP
END
- 41 -
5.
Example
Acceleration time histories of Figure A-2 (1) are used to generate the response
spectrum using the programs RSFTH developed. The response spectra generated are
shown for various damping values as in Figure A-2 (2). Also, the response spectrum
generated by RSFTH is compared with that by the commercial program ANSYS and
there is no difference between them as shown in Figure A-3 verifying the validity of
the program RSFTH developed in this study.
0.3
10
SSE
EW
SSE_EW
Damping (%)
1
2
4
10
0.1
Acceleration (g)
Acceleration (g)
0.2
0.0
-0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
10
15
20
0.01
0.1
25
10
Time (sec)
Frequency (Hz)
(1)
(2)
100
1000
Figure A-2. Acceleration time history and response spectrum generated
- 42 -
10
Acceleration (g)
Damping = 2%
RSFTH
ANSYS
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Figure A-3. Comparison of response spectrum
5.1
Input Deck for RSFTH
Response spectrum from acceleration time history (2%)

276
0
0.1000
1.0000
0.0200
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.000
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
- 43 -
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.000
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.000
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.000
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.000
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.000
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.000
- 44 -
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.000
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.000
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.000
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.000
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.000
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
- 45 -
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.000
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.000
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.000
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.000
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.000
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
- 46 -
17.9
18.000
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19.000
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
51.0
52.0
- 47 -
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0
65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
81.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
91.0
92.0
94.0
95.0
97.0
100.0
5.2
Input Deck for GENTH
1200
4800
.000
.020
0.005
.000000
.008769
.005
.025
.000000
.004879
.010
.030
- 48 -
.015413
.000859
.015
.035
.012298
-.002892
.040
.060
.080
.100
.120
.140
.160
.
.
.
.
.
5.3
-.005933
-.009383
-.007569
.000630
.002983
-.001792
-.006430
.045
.065
.085
.105
.125
.145
.165
-.007980
-.009282
-.005892
.002141
.002276
-.003364
-.006679
.050
.070
.090
.110
.130
.150
.170
-.009040
-.009091
-.003728
.003002
.001186
-.004743
-.006560
.055
.075
.095
.115
.135
.155
.175
-.009385
-.008603
-.001422
.003253
-.000213
-.005785
-.006105
Output File from RSFTH
Response spectrum from acceleration time history (2%)
NFREQ =
INAONE =
C=
ASCALE =
DAMP =
276
0
0.1000
1.0000
0.0200
FREQUENCY(CPS)
0.1000E+00
0.2000E+00
0.3000E+00
0.4000E+00
0.5000E+00
0.6000E+00
0.7000E+00
0.8000E+00
0.9000E+00
0.1000E+01
0.1100E+01
0.1200E+01
0.1300E+01
0.1400E+01
0.1500E+01
0.1600E+01
0.1700E+01
0.1800E+01
0.1900E+01
0.2000E+01
0.2100E+01
0.2200E+01
0.2300E+01
MAX ABSOLUTE ACCEL(g)
0.4200E-01
0.6963E-01
0.1429E+00
0.1673E+00
0.1993E+00
0.2354E+00
0.3298E+00
0.4019E+00
0.3522E+00
0.5011E+00
0.5281E+00
0.4913E+00
0.5865E+00
0.6247E+00
0.7068E+00
0.7028E+00
0.8374E+00
0.8863E+00
0.9388E+00
0.8036E+00
0.8748E+00
0.9430E+00
0.1083E+01
TIME
16.13
16.50
18.55
11.25
8.54
9.08
14.11
8.69
18.34
7.12
10.07
5.29
8.61
8.08
11.28
11.48
13.17
13.89
10.40
5.08
11.90
6.40
6.98
MAX RELATIVE VEL(gSEC)
0.5684E-01
0.5684E-01
0.6330E-01
0.6789E-01
0.6919E-01
0.6919E-01
0.7547E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
- 49 -
TIME
7.74
7.74
19.38
11.97
9.99
9.99
14.46
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
MAX RELATIVE DISPL(gSEC2)
0.1062E+00
0.4406E-01
0.4018E-01
0.2644E-01
0.2017E-01
0.1655E-01
0.1704E-01
0.1589E-01
0.1100E-01
0.1268E-01
0.1105E-01
0.8635E-02
0.8782E-02
0.8068E-02
0.7949E-02
0.6949E-02
0.7333E-02
0.6925E-02
0.6583E-02
0.5086E-02
0.5019E-02
0.4930E-02
0.5183E-02
TIME
16.22
16.53
18.57
11.27
8.55
9.09
14.12
8.70
18.34
7.12
10.07
5.29
8.62
8.08
11.29
11.48
13.17
13.89
10.40
5.08
11.90
6.40
6.98
0.2400E+01
0.2500E+01
0.2600E+01
0.2700E+01
0.2800E+01
0.2900E+01
0.3000E+01
0.3100E+01
0.3200E+01
0.3300E+01
0.3400E+01
0.3500E+01
0.3600E+01
0.3700E+01
0.3800E+01
0.3900E+01
0.4000E+01
0.4100E+01
0.4200E+01
0.4300E+01
0.4400E+01
0.4500E+01
0.4600E+01
0.4700E+01
0.4800E+01
0.4900E+01
0.5000E+01
0.5100E+01
0.5200E+01
0.5300E+01
0.5400E+01
0.5500E+01
0.5600E+01
0.5700E+01
0.5800E+01
0.5900E+01
0.6000E+01
0.6100E+01
0.6200E+01
0.6300E+01
0.6400E+01
0.6500E+01
0.6600E+01
0.6700E+01
0.6800E+01
0.6900E+01
0.7000E+01
0.7100E+01
0.7200E+01
0.7300E+01
0.7400E+01
0.7500E+01
0.7600E+01
0.7700E+01
0.9519E+00
0.1053E+01
0.1084E+01
0.8579E+00
0.1038E+01
0.9596E+00
0.8743E+00
0.1042E+01
0.8885E+00
0.1038E+01
0.1048E+01
0.1006E+01
0.9590E+00
0.1005E+01
0.8944E+00
0.9456E+00
0.8266E+00
0.7847E+00
0.8305E+00
0.7155E+00
0.8489E+00
0.8507E+00
0.8108E+00
0.7914E+00
0.8332E+00
0.8607E+00
0.7732E+00
0.7084E+00
0.7369E+00
0.8682E+00
0.9280E+00
0.8578E+00
0.7755E+00
0.8657E+00
0.8016E+00
0.8022E+00
0.8473E+00
0.8334E+00
0.7861E+00
0.8038E+00
0.8936E+00
0.9304E+00
0.8576E+00
0.7541E+00
0.7447E+00
0.8065E+00
0.7802E+00
0.6936E+00
0.7764E+00
0.7766E+00
0.7562E+00
0.6850E+00
0.6121E+00
0.7244E+00
4.75
11.57
6.91
6.88
6.86
6.29
7.95
6.25
11.53
11.50
11.30
8.17
8.15
7.84
6.86
6.84
6.82
4.73
4.71
11.30
11.29
11.27
11.26
11.88
6.81
6.80
8.10
7.87
7.86
11.10
11.09
11.08
6.77
6.76
6.75
7.84
6.64
6.63
6.62
6.62
6.61
6.61
6.60
7.39
4.68
4.67
4.66
11.25
11.25
11.24
11.24
11.24
9.46
9.45
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
- 50 -
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
0.4184E-02
0.4264E-02
0.4057E-02
0.2980E-02
0.3352E-02
0.2889E-02
0.2458E-02
0.2742E-02
0.2197E-02
0.2411E-02
0.2295E-02
0.2077E-02
0.1873E-02
0.1858E-02
0.1568E-02
0.1572E-02
0.1309E-02
0.1180E-02
0.1191E-02
0.9787E-03
0.1110E-02
0.1065E-02
0.9696E-03
0.9085E-03
0.9158E-03
0.9060E-03
0.7829E-03
0.6908E-03
0.6890E-03
0.7836E-03
0.8048E-03
0.7193E-03
0.6252E-03
0.6732E-03
0.6040E-03
0.5841E-03
0.5950E-03
0.5657E-03
0.5171E-03
0.5120E-03
0.5511E-03
0.5590E-03
0.4985E-03
0.4257E-03
0.4078E-03
0.4294E-03
0.4023E-03
0.3474E-03
0.3783E-03
0.3681E-03
0.3488E-03
0.3089E-03
0.2687E-03
0.3085E-03
4.75
11.57
6.92
6.88
6.87
6.29
7.95
6.26
11.54
11.50
11.30
8.17
8.15
7.84
6.86
6.84
6.82
4.73
4.71
11.30
11.29
11.28
11.26
11.88
6.81
6.80
8.10
7.87
7.86
11.10
11.09
11.08
6.77
6.76
6.75
7.84
6.64
6.63
6.62
6.62
6.61
6.61
6.60
7.39
4.68
4.67
4.66
11.25
11.25
11.24
11.24
11.24
9.46
9.45
0.7800E+01
0.7900E+01
0.8000E+01
0.8100E+01
0.8200E+01
0.8300E+01
0.8400E+01
0.8500E+01
0.8600E+01
0.8700E+01
0.8800E+01
0.8900E+01
0.9000E+01
0.9100E+01
0.9200E+01
0.9300E+01
0.9400E+01
0.9500E+01
0.9600E+01
0.9700E+01
0.9800E+01
0.9900E+01
0.1000E+02
0.1010E+02
0.1020E+02
0.1030E+02
0.1040E+02
0.1050E+02
0.1060E+02
0.1070E+02
0.1080E+02
0.1090E+02
0.1100E+02
0.1110E+02
0.1120E+02
0.1130E+02
0.1140E+02
0.1150E+02
0.1160E+02
0.1170E+02
0.1180E+02
0.1190E+02
0.1200E+02
0.1210E+02
0.1220E+02
0.1230E+02
0.1240E+02
0.1250E+02
0.1260E+02
0.1270E+02
0.1280E+02
0.1290E+02
0.1300E+02
0.1310E+02
0.7955E+00
0.7584E+00
0.8406E+00
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- 51 -
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- 52 -
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- 53 -
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0.2327E+00
0.2321E+00
0.2315E+00
0.2308E+00
0.2307E+00
0.2314E+00
0.2326E+00
0.2340E+00
0.2353E+00
0.2368E+00
0.2373E+00
0.2379E+00
0.2379E+00
0.2368E+00
0.2363E+00
0.2352E+00
0.2339E+00
0.2330E+00
0.2325E+00
0.2327E+00
0.2332E+00
0.2334E+00
0.2340E+00
0.2341E+00
0.2332E+00
0.2323E+00
0.2306E+00
0.2282E+00
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.65
6.65
6.65
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
0.8715E-01
- 54 -
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
9.61
0.1639E-05
0.1590E-05
0.1540E-05
0.1490E-05
0.1444E-05
0.1399E-05
0.1356E-05
0.1317E-05
0.1276E-05
0.1238E-05
0.1199E-05
0.1163E-05
0.1128E-05
0.1097E-05
0.1070E-05
0.1047E-05
0.1026E-05
0.1005E-05
0.9858E-06
0.9634E-06
0.9414E-06
0.9185E-06
0.8927E-06
0.8685E-06
0.8442E-06
0.8201E-06
0.7979E-06
0.7783E-06
0.7612E-06
0.7457E-06
0.7302E-06
0.7155E-06
0.7005E-06
0.6684E-06
0.6518E-06
0.6209E-06
0.5780E-06
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.64
6.65
6.65
6.65
6.
Registration Certificate
- 55 -
Appendix B
ANSYS Input Decks
Modal Analysis Input Deck
/prep7
/title,FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF SIMPLE CANTILEVER BEAM
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,0.5
amesh,1
alls
C*** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS *****
c*** bottom
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,all,0
alls
/show,sh70_mod,grph,1
/view,,0,0,1
/angle,,90
/type,,1
eplot
finish
/solu
! model plot
/title, MODAL ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

antype,modal,new
nmode=50
! mode numbers to be extracted
modopt,lanb,nmode,0.1,1000
mxpand
outpr,,none
outres,,1
solve
fini
/post1
/show,sh70_plt,grph,1
! mode shape plot
- 56 -
/view,,0,0,1
/angle,,90
/type,,1
*do,n,1,nmode,1
set,1,n
pldisp,1
*enddo
fini
/eof
- 57 -
Seismic Analysis Input Deck (d,,accy)

/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,.5
amesh,1
alls
finish
!
! READ FORCE DATA FROM EXTERNAL FILE
!
*DIM,KSEW,TABLE,2672,1,1,TIME,FORCE
*TREAD,KSEW,'elwacc','TH',' ', ,
!
DELT = 0.02
! TIME INCREMENT
!
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
/CONFIG,NRES,1000000
/nerr,,99999999
!
/SOLU
/title, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM (d,,accy)
ALLSEL,ALL
ANTYPE,TRANS
TIMINT,ON,STRUC
NLGEOM,OFF
NROPT,FULL,,OFF
EQSLV,FRONT
NSUBST,50,100,10
AUTOTS,ON
RESCONTROL,DEFINE,NONE,NONE
NEQIT,50
OUTRES,ALL,LAST
!
alphad,1.1983e-2
betad,1.9111e-4
- 58 -
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
*DO,I,1,2672
TIME,DELT*I
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,accy,KSEW(DELT*I)*0.001
allsel
SOLVE
*ENDDO
! TOTAL NUMBER IS 2672
! forcing direction
FINI
/post26
numvar,60
! plot
nsol,2,103,u,y,103uy
add,4,2,3,,103uyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/axlab,y,Displacement(m)
/xrange,0,50
/yrange,-6,6
plvar,2
plvar,3
/yrange,-10,10
plvar,4
! top node in y-direction

! bottom node in y-direction
nsol,12,103,v,y,103vy
nsol,13,204,v,y,204vy
add,14,12,13,,103vyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,y,Velocity(m/sec)
/yrange,-1.0,1.0
plvar,12
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,13
/yrange,-1.5,1.5
plvar,14

nsol,22,103,a,y,103ay
nsol,23,204,a,y,204ay
add,24,22,23,,103ayrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,y,Acceleration(m/sec^2)
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,22
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,23
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,24
int1,32,22,1,,103vely
int1,33,32,1,,103dispy
- 59 -
/yrange,-1.0,1.0
plvar,32
/yrange,-6,6
plvar,33
int1,34,23,1,,204vely
int1,35,34,1,,204dispy
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,34
/yrange,-6,6
plvar,35
esol,51,100,,s,eqv,100seqv
/axlab,y,Equivalent Stress(Pa)
/yrange,0,25000
plvar,51
/yrange,0,450000
plvar,52
filldata,9,1,1000,1,0.1,0.1
resp,42,9,2,3,0.02,0.02
resp,43,9,3,3,0.02,0.02
resp,44,9,4,3,0.02,0.02
/axlab,x,Frequency(Hz)
/gropt,logx,on
/gropt,logy,on
xvar,9
/xrange,0.1,100
/yrange,0.1,10000
plvar,42
plvar,43
plvar,44
! spectrum generation for IR=2

! frequency
fini
/eof
- 60 -
Seismic Analysis Input Deck (d,,vely)

/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,.5
amesh,1
alls
finish
!
!
*TREAD,KSEW,'elwvel','TH',' ', ,
!
DELT = 0.04
! TIME INCREMENT
!
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
/nerr,,99999999
!
/SOLU
/title, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM (d,,vely)
ALLSEL,ALL
ANTYPE,TRANS
TIMINT,ON,STRUC
NLGEOM,OFF
NROPT,FULL,,OFF
EQSLV,FRONT
NSUBST,100,200,20
AUTOTS,ON
NEQIT,50
OUTRES,ALL,LAST
!
alphad,1.1983e-2
betad,1.9111e-4
- 61 -
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
*DO,I,1,1336
TIME,DELT*I
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,vely,KSEW(DELT*I)*0.01
allsel
SOLVE
*ENDDO
! forcing direction
FINI
/post26
numvar,60
! plot
add,4,2,3,,103uyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/xrange,0,50
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,2
plvar,3
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,4

nsol,12,103,v,y,103vy
nsol,13,204,v,y,204vy
add,14,12,13,,103vyrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,12
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,13
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,14

nsol,22,103,a,y,103ay
nsol,23,204,a,y,204ay
add,24,22,23,,103ayrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,22
/yrange,-2e-10,2e-10
plvar,23
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,24
deriv,32,12,1,,103accy
int1,33,12,1,,103dispy
- 62 -
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,32
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,33
int1,35,13,1,,204dispy
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,34
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,35
/yrange,0,25000
plvar,51
/yrange,0,450000
plvar,52
filldata,9,1,1000,1,0.1,0.1
resp,42,9,2,3,0.02,0.04
resp,43,9,3,3,0.04,0.04
resp,44,9,4,3,0.02,0.04
/gropt,logx,on
/gropt,logy,on
xvar,9
/xrange,0.1,100
/yrange,0.1,10000
plvar,42
plvar,43
plvar,44

! frequency
fini
/eof
- 63 -
Seismic Analysis Input Deck (d,,uy)

/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,.5
amesh,1
alls
finish
!
!
*TREAD,KSEW,'elwdisp','TH',' ', ,
!
DELT = 0.1
! TIME INCREMENT
!
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
/nerr,,99999999
!
/SOLU
/title, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM (d,,uy)
ALLSEL,ALL
ANTYPE,TRANS
TIMINT,ON,STRUC
NLGEOM,OFF
NROPT,FULL,,OFF
EQSLV,FRONT
NSUBST,250,500,50
AUTOTS,ON
NEQIT,50
OUTRES,ALL,LAST
!
alphad,1.1983e-2
betad,1.9111e-4
- 64 -
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
*DO,I,1,536
TIME,DELT*I
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,uy,KSEW(DELT*I)*0.01
allsel
SOLVE
*ENDDO
! forcing direction
FINI
/post26
numvar,60
! plot
add,4,2,3,,103uyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/xrange,0,50
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,2
plvar,3
plvar,4

nsol,12,103,v,y,103vy
nsol,13,204,v,y,204vy
add,14,12,13,,103vyrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-4,4
plvar,12
/yrange,-125,125
plvar,13
plvar,14

nsol,22,103,a,y,103ay
nsol,23,204,a,y,204ay
add,24,22,23,,103ayrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-200,200
plvar,22
/yrange,-250000,250000
plvar,23
plvar,24
deriv,32,2,1,,103vely
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-1,1
- 65 -
plvar,32
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,33
deriv,34,3,1,,204vely
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,34
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,35
/yrange,0,250000
plvar,51
/yrange,0,45000000
plvar,52
filldata,9,1,500,1,0.1,0.2
resp,42,9,2,3,0.02,0.1
resp,43,9,3,3,0.02,0.1
resp,44,9,4,3,0.02,0.1
/gropt,logx,on
/gropt,logy,on
xvar,9
/xrange,0.1,100
/yrange,0.1,10000
plvar,42
plvar,43
plvar,44

! frequency
fini
/eof
- 66 -
Seismic Analysis Input Deck (ACEL)

/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,.5
amesh,1
alls
c*** bottom
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,all,0
alls
finish
!
!
*TREAD,KSEW,'elwacc','TH',' ', ,
!
DELT = 0.02
! TIME INCREMENT
!
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
/nerr,,99999999
!
/SOLU
/title, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM (ACEL,)
ALLSEL,ALL
ANTYPE,TRANS
TIMINT,ON,STRUC
NLGEOM,OFF
NROPT,FULL,,OFF
EQSLV,FRONT
NSUBST,50,100,10
- 67 -
AUTOTS,ON
NEQIT,50
OUTRES,ALL,LAST
!
alphad,1.1983e-2
betad,1.9111e-4
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
*DO,I,1,2672
TIME,DELT*I
ACEL,0,KSEW(DELT*I)*0.001,0
SOLVE
*ENDDO

! forcing direction
FINI
/post26
numvar,60
! plot
add,4,2,3,,103uyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/xrange,0,50
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,2
plvar,3
plvar,4

nsol,12,103,v,y,103vy
nsol,13,204,v,y,204vy
add,14,12,13,,103vyrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-4,4
plvar,12
plvar,13
plvar,14

nsol,22,103,a,y,103ay
nsol,23,204,a,y,204ay
add,24,22,23,,103ayrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,22
plvar,23
plvar,24
int1,32,22,1,,103vely
int1,33,32,1,,103dispy
- 68 -
/yrange,-4,4
plvar,32
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,33
/yrange,0,25000
plvar,51
/yrange,0,45000000
plvar,52
filldata,9,1,1000,1,0.1,0.1
resp,42,9,2,3,0.02,0.02
resp,43,9,3,3,0.02,0.02
resp,44,9,4,3,0.02,0.02
/gropt,logx,on
/gropt,logy,on
xvar,9
/xrange,0.1,100
/yrange,0.1,10000
plvar,42
plvar,43
plvar,44

! frequency
fini
/eof
- 69 -
Seismic Analysis Input Deck (Response Spectrum)

/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,0.5
amesh,1
alls
c*** bottom
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,all,0
alls
/show,sh75_mod,grph,1
/view,,0,0,1
/angle,,90
/type,,1
eplot
finish
/solu
! model plot
/title, MODAL ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

antype,modal,new
nmode=50
! mode numbers to be extracted
modopt,lanb,nmode,0.1,10000
mxpand,,,,yes
outpr,,none
outres,,1
solve
fini
/solu
/title, SPECTRUN ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM
antype,spectrum
spopt,sprs,,yes
dmprat,.02
!2%
svtype,2
! acceleration
sed,0,1,0
! excitation direction
- 70 -
freq,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9
freq,1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9
freq,2,2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.7,2.8,2.9
freq,3,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.8,3.9
freq,4,4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.5,4.6,4.8,4.9
freq,5,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.5,5.6,5.7,5.8,5.9
freq,6,6.1,6.2,6.3,6.4,6.6,6.7,6.8,6.9
freq,7,7.1,7.2,7.3,7.4,7.6,7.7,7.8,7.9
freq,8,8.1,8.2,8.4,8.5,8.6,8.7,8.8,8.9
freq,9,9.1,9.2,9.3,9.4,9.5,9.6,9.8,9.9
freq,10.8,11,13.1,15.1,16.2,23,24,35,100
sv,,0.27636,0.92512,1.4504,1.5876,3.1458,1.715,2.7048,4.7236,3.0086
sv,,2.8224,4.5864,4.4982,5.3312,5.0862,5.684,7.301,7.4284,9.3786
sv,,7.1932,6.7424,7.7616,7.2128,7.8596,8.1928,6.0466,6.958,6.4288
sv,,5.8604,6.8894,6.6052,6.5562,5.7722,5.9976,6.5268,6.2524,6.5268
sv,,8.4966,8.8004,6.7424,6.7424,7.1834,7.1736,7.2618,7.8694,7.8106
sv,,7.3108,5.7918,7.1148,8.036,6.9972,5.9682,5.8114,5.88,5.8212
sv,,5.6742,5.6154,6.1838,6.37,6.3602,5.8212,5.5762,5.5664,4.753
sv,,4.5864,4.6158,4.508,5.1548,5.7722,6.0564,5.831,5.2038,4.4688
sv,,4.1748,3.626,3.4104,3.6456,3.7436,4.0278,4.1258,4.067,3.9984
sv,,4.1552,4.1944,4.018,3.528,3.8318,3.7338,3.6162,3.9788,4.0768
sv,,4.0572,3.7436,3.5672,2.4206,3.6652,2.5676,3.283,2.2442,2.1168
srss
solve
/post1
/input,,mcom
/show,sh75_plt,grph
/view,,0,0,1
/angle,,90
/type,,1
! plot
/title, SPECTRUN ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM

pldisp
plnsol,u,sum
plnsol,s,eqv
plesol,s,eqv
esel,s,elem,,1
plesol,s,eqv
esel,s,elem,,100
plesol,s,eqv
fini
/eof
- 71 -
Appendix C
Time History Analysis using Single Load Step
As mentioned in the Conclusions of this report, the time history analysis using the D
command for the base excitation such as earthquake may not give reasonable responses.
In the ANSYS 12.0 Release document ANSYS, Inc. Errata (April 2009 002648), the
followings are mentioned:
Acceleration and velocity boundary conditions (ACCX, ACCY, ACCZ, DMGX, DMGY,
DMGZ, VELX, VELY, VELZ, OMGX, OMGY, OMGZ) specified with the D command are
not interpolated between load steps. In a multiple load step analysis, the applied
values ramp from zero at the start of each load step. Work-around: Use a table to
define the values. (74693)
Therefore it is not recommended to use the D command for the acceleration and
velocity excitations in a multiple load step analysis because the applied values are not
interpolated between load steps. The displacement excitations not mentioned give a
rigid body motions and so are not also recommended even though the other responses
are acceptable.
To avoid this erratum, single load step analysis for velocity excitations may be used as
following input:
.
.
NSUBST,10000
!
AUTOTS,off
.
.
*toper,zzz,KSEW,add,KSEW,0.01,0
.
.
TIME,DELT*1336
nsel,s,loc,x,0
- 72 -
d,all,vely,%zzz%
allsel
SOLVE
.
.
! forcing direction
The response histories are shown in Figures C-1 through C-5. Comparison of response
histories between Figures C-1 and C-5 shows that responses generated in ANSYS itself
are almost the same as those generated by integration or differentiation, which was not
the same for the multiple load step analysis. But in this case the acceleration response
of top node has a peak value at the start of the analysis, which is also a reason for the
same type of equivalent stress histories. This fact shows that the response from single
load step analysis is not acceptable, either.
- 73 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure C-1. Response histories for base excitation of velocity
- 74 -
Figure C-2. Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node for
base excitation of velocity
- 75 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node

Figure C-3. Equivalent stress histories for base excitation of velocity
- 76 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node

Figure C-4. Response spectra generated for base excitation of velocity
- 77 -
(a) top node
(b) bottom node
Figure C-5. Response histories for base excitation of velocity by integration or

differentiation
- 78 -
The following input data was used for the single load step analysis.
/prep7
et,1,182
mp,ex,1,69e9
mp,nuxy,1,0.3
mp,dens,1,2700
!Pa
!kg/m^3
rect,0,50,0,1
esize,.5
amesh,1
alls
finish
!
!
*DIM,KSEW,TABLE,1336,1,1,TIME,
*TREAD,KSEW,'elwvel','TH',' ', ,
!
DELT = 0.04
! TIME INCREMENT
!
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
/nerr,,99999999
!
/SOLU
/title, SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM (d,,vely)
ALLSEL,ALL
ANTYPE,TRANS
TIMINT,ON,STRUC
NLGEOM,OFF
NROPT,FULL,,OFF
EQSLV,FRONT
NSUBST,10000
AUTOTS,off
NEQIT,50
OUTRES,ALL,ALL
!
alphad,1.1983e-2
- 79 -
betad,1.9111e-4
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
*toper,zzz,KSEW,add,KSEW,0.01,0
TIME,DELT*1336
nsel,s,loc,x,0
d,all,vely,%zzz%
allsel
SOLVE

! forcing direction
FINI
/post26
numvar,60
! plot
add,4,2,3,,103uyrel,,,1,-1
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/xrange,0,50
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,2
plvar,3
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,4

nsol,12,103,v,y,103vy
nsol,13,204,v,y,204vy
add,14,12,13,,103vyrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,12
/yrange,-0.5,0.5
plvar,13
/yrange,-1,1
plvar,14

nsol,22,103,a,y,103ay
nsol,23,204,a,y,204ay
add,24,22,23,,103ayrel,,,1,-1
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,22
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,23
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,24
- 80 -
int1,33,12,1,,103dispy
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-20,20
plvar,32
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,33
int1,35,13,1,,204dispy
/axlab,x,Time(sec)
/yrange,-5,5
plvar,34
/yrange,-0.3,0.3
plvar,35
/yrange,0,25000
plvar,51
/yrange,0,4500000
plvar,52
filldata,9,,,,0.1,0.1
resp,42,9,2,3,0.02,0.04
resp,43,9,3,3,0.04,0.04
resp,44,9,4,3,0.02,0.04
/gropt,logx,on
/gropt,logy,on
xvar,9
/xrange,0.1,100
/yrange,0.1,10000
plvar,42
plvar,43
plvar,44

! frequency
fini
/eof
- 81 -

RR 6851

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RR 6851

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KINS/RR-685

Keywords : earthquake, time history, response spectrum, acceleration, velocity,

List of Tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v

Theoretical Background ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Results and Discussion ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10

RSFTH (Program to Generate Response Spectrum from Time History) --------- 35

ANSYS Input Decks --------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Time History Analysis using Single Load Step -------------------------------------- 72

Frequency summaries ------------------------------------------------------------- 14

Equivalent stress summaries ------------------------------------------------------ 23

Finite element model of cantilever beam ------------------------------------ 7

Acceleration time history ------------------------------------------------------ 9

Velocity time history ----------------------------------------------------------- 9

Displacement time history ----------------------------------------------------- 10

Response spectrum generated for 2% damping ----------------------------- 11

Mode shapes of cantilever beam ---------------------------------------------- 13

Damping ratio used in the analysis ------------------------------------------- 14

Response histories for base excitation of acceleration --------------------- 16

Response histories for base excitation of velocity -------------------------- 17

Response histories for base excitation of displacement -------------------- 18

Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node

Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node

Relative response histories of top node with respect to bottom node

Response histories of top node for ACEL excitation with bottom

Contour plot of equivalent stress from response spectrum analysis ------ 23

Equivalent stress histories for different excitations ------------------------ 24

Response spectra generated for different excitations ----------------------- 26

Response histories for base excitation of acceleration by integration

Response histories for base excitation of velocity by integration

Response histories for base excitation of displacement by integration

Response histories for ACEL excitation at top node by integration

Structures and equipments in a nuclear power plant are required to be designed or

The transient dynamic equilibrium equation of interest is as follows:

[M ]{u&&n } + [C ]{u& n } + [K ]{u n } = { F a n }

{ u&&n } , { u& n } , { u n } and

are structural mass matrix,

{ u&n+1} = { u&n } + [(1 ){ u&&n } + { u&&n+1}]t

{ un+1} = { un } + { u&n }t + 1 { u&&n } + { u&&n+1} t 2

where is an amplitude decay factor.

Equation (3) can be represented for

{ u&&n +1} as:

Also, equation (2) can be rearranged as:

{ u&n+1} = { u&n } + (1 )t{ u&&n } + t{ u&&n+1} = { u& n } + a6 { u&&n } + a7 { u&&n+1}

{u& n+1 } as:

{ u&n+1} = a7 a0 [{ un+1} { un }] (a7 a2 1){ u&n } (a7 a3 a6 ){ u&&n }

[M ][a0 ({ un+1} { un }) a2 { u&n } a3 { u&&n }] + [C ]{a1 [{ un+1} { un }] a4 { u&n } a5 { u&&n }}

Rearranging equation (11)

(a0 [M ] + a1 [C ] + [K ]){un+1} = {F a n+1}+ [M ](a0 {un } + a2 {u&n } + a3 {u&&n })

+ [C ](a1 {u n } + a4 {u& n } + a5 {u&&n })

Representing this equation as follows:

are effective stiffness matrix and effective load vector as

}+ [M ](a { u } + a { u& } + a { u&& }) + [C ](a { u } + a { u& } + a { u&& })

{ un+1} = [K e ]1{ Fe n+1}

Once a solution is obtained for

{ u n+1 }, velocities and accelerations are updated as

described in equations (9) and (5), respectively.

Finite element model

Consider a simple cantilever beam with clamped-free boundary conditions at bottom

Figure 1. Finite element model of cantilever beam

Time history analysis

Figure 2. Acceleration time history

Figure 3. Velocity time history

Figure 4. Displacement time history