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Analysis and Design of Slabs

Types of slabs;
1. One way slab;- generally supported on two opposite side only, the loads
being carried by the slab in the direction perpendicular to the supporting beam.
 If > 2 → (𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏).
Where 𝐿 ; 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿 ; 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

2. Two way slab; supported on four sides.

 If ≤ 2 → (𝑇𝑤𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏).

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3. Flat Plate Slab: supported directly by

columns without used the beams.
 This type are commonly used where
spans are not large and loads not
particularly heavy.
 Must avoid the effect of shear because
is the biggest.

4. Flat Slab; supported on

columns without beams also but
by drop panels and/or column
capitals.
 Both (drop panel and column
capital) are devices to reduce
stresses due to shear and
negative bending moment
around the columns.

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5. Ribbed Slab; [Grid or Waffle Slab]

 thickness of the slab is small because
the distances between beams are small.
 Slab with recesses or pockets made by
permanent or removable fillers between
ribs or joists in two directions.

Design of One Way Slabs;

 Consider (1 m) wide strip and design, it is as a rectangular section beam with

a depth, h.
 The load per unit area on the slab (W), (KN/𝑚 ), becomes the load per unit
length on the slab strip (KN/m).
 The strip can be analyzed by the methods that were used for rectangular
beams.
 Since all of the load on the slab must be transmitted to the two supported
beams, it follows that all of the reinforcement should be placed at right angles
to these beams with the exception of any bars that may be placed in the
other direction to control shrinkage and temperature cracking.
 A one way slab, thus, consists of a set of rectangular beams side by side.

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∆ = , and ∆ = 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 ∆ = ∆ = ∆

𝑊 𝐿 𝐿 𝑊
= 𝐼𝑓 =2 = 16
𝑊 𝑆 𝑆 𝑊

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 The minimum thickness (h), of non-prestressed one way slabs, (according to

the table ACI Code 318-14; 7.3.1.1 for deflection.


The continuity
means a negative
moment due to
adjacent slab or
fixed with spandrel
beam

a) 1.65 − 0.003𝑊

𝑏) 1.09

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Minimum area of shrinkage

 Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is required at right angle to the

main reinforcement to minimize cracking and it tie the structure together to
ensure its acting as assumed in the design.

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Clear cover

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏, 25 𝑚𝑚

𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑
d=h-25mm

The maximum spacing

1. For main reinforcement according to ACI Code 318-14; 7.7.2.3 the
maximum spacing for the slab shall be the leaser of 3h, and 450 mm.
2. For reinforcement of shrinkage and temperature according to ACI Code 318-
14; 7.7.2.4 the maximum spacing for the slab shall be the leaser of 5h, and
450 mm.
The maximum ratio of main reinforcement 𝜌 . = 0.85𝛽
.

𝑀 , = ∅𝜌𝑏𝑑 𝐹 1 − 0.59𝜌

.
∅
𝜌= here b=1000 mm
.

The shear strength ∅𝑉 = 0.75 × 0.17 𝐹 𝑏𝑑 ≥ 𝑉 must be satisfied, if does not

should be increased the depth, d.

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Example; Design the Slabs for the reinforced concrete building shown in Fig., if
Fc’=30Mpa, Fy=420Mpa additional D.L.=2KN/𝑀 , L.L.=2 KN/𝑀 , the dimensions
of beams=300 × 500𝑚𝑚, 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 = 300 × 300𝑚𝑚

.
 Solution; = = 3.07 > 2 thus the slab is one way slab
 Since one end continuous and other end fixed with spandrel beam so
consider both ends continuous; ℎ = = 142.8 𝑚𝑚, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 150 𝑚𝑚
 Calculated loads;
 𝑊. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.15 × 24 = 3.6
𝑊 . . = 3.6 + 2 = 5.6

 𝑊 = 1.2 × 5.6 + 1.6 × 2 = 9.92

 For unit strip (1m) width the load
 𝑊 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9.92 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

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 For analysis use ACI Code Coeff.

To find the values of the moment in the three sections

.
𝑀 = 𝑤 𝐿 = × 4 = 6.61 KN.m
1 9.92
𝑀 = 𝑤 𝐿 = × 4 = 11.34 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
1 9.92
𝑀 = 𝑤 𝐿 = × 4 = 17.64 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
9 9
𝑤 ×𝐿
𝑉 = = 19.84 𝐾𝑁
2
𝑤 ×𝐿
𝑉 = 1.15 = 22.82 𝐾𝑁
2
 Check effective depth according to shear requirement
𝑑 = ℎ − 25 = 150 − 25 = 125𝑚𝑚
𝑉@ =𝑉@ − 𝑤 × 𝑑 = 22.82 − 9.92 × 0.125 = 21.58 𝐾𝑁

Calculate shear strength of concrete

∅𝑉 = ∅ × 0.17 𝐹 𝑏𝑑 = 0.75 × 0.17 30 × 1000 × 125 × 10 = 87.3 𝐾𝑁 > 𝑉 @
= 21.58 𝐾𝑁 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑞𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝐴𝑠 = 0.0018 × 𝑏ℎ = 0.0018 × 1000 × 150 = 270 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
30 0.003
𝐴𝑠 = 0.85 × 0.84 × × × 1000 × 125 = 2732.14 𝑚𝑚
420 0.003 + 0.004
.
∅
 The steel reinforced ratio find from; 𝜌 = use rebar Ø=10, Ab=79
.

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AS/m, req. check

Moment Ρ; steel As/m, Added,
Location with As, min and AS Space, mm Bent As, Total area
KN.m ratio provided As/m
max
1000
Ø10@580 Ø10@580
Mu1, 6.61 0.00113 141<270; use 270 270⁄79 - 272
(136 𝑚𝑚 ) (136𝑚𝑚 )
= 292.59 ≈ 290
243.75<270; use Ø10@290 -
Mu2 11.34 0.00195 290 - 272
270 (272)
Ø10@580+
Ø10@580
Mu3 17.64 0.00305 270<382.5<2732 206.5 use 200 - Ø10@580 408
(136)
(272𝑚𝑚 )

For the long direction provided steel reinforcement only for shrinkage ant temperatures
𝐴𝑠 = 0.0018 × 1000 × 150 = 270 𝑚𝑚
Spacing between rebar's 𝑆 = ⁄
= 292.59 ≈ 290𝑚𝑚
Use Ø10@290mm
Note: half positive bars were bent to upper face to be used as negative bars.

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