Chapter 9-1 Analysis of Beams 19 3 2023

345 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES CHAPTER NINE
ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
CHAPTER NINE
DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS
ACI Moment Coefficients
ACI Code 6.5 includes expressions that may be used for the approximate calculation of
maximum moments and shears in continuous beams and one-way slabs.
The expressions for moment take the form of a coefficient multiplied by wu ℓn 2 , where wu is
the total factored load per unit length on the span and ℓn is the clear span from face to face of
supports for positive moment, or the average of the two adjacent clear spans for negative
moment. 𝑀 = 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤 ℓ
Shear is taken equal to a coefficient multiplied by wuℓn∕2.

𝑉 = 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤 ℓ
The coefficients, found in ACI Code 6.5.2 and 6.5.4, are shown in Table and summarized in
Figure below:
The ACI moment coefficients were derived by elastic analysis, considering alternative placement
of live load to yield maximum negative or positive moments at the critical sections. They are
applicable within the following limitations:
1. Members are prismatic.
2. Loads are uniformly distributed.
3. The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load.
4. There are two or more spans.
5. The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more than 20 percent.
Different Types of Discontinuous End

Three types for discontinues supports are presented and discussed in below.
Unrestrained Support: This type of support occurs when beams or slabs are supported
directly on masonry walls or concrete walls without monolithic casting.
Unrestrained Discontinuous
Ends.
Spandrel Support: This type of support occurs when beams or slabs are supported on a
monolithically casted edge beam or girder.
UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD/ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING/ CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT/ THIRD YEAR COURSE/ 2022-2023
PROF. DR. ABDULMUTTALIB I. SAID ALMUSAWI
Discontinuous ends with

spandrel member support.
Column Support: This type of support occurs when beams supported directly on columns.
Slabs that supported directly on columns are out the scope of our course (junior course) and
will be studied thoroughly in senior course.
Discontinuous ends with column support.
TABLE Moment and shear values using ACI coefficient†
FIGURE 11.10 Summary of ACI moment coefficients: (a) beams with more than two
spans; (b) beams with two spans only; (c) slabs with spans not exceeding 10 ft (3.0
m); and (d ) beams in which the sum of column stiffnesses exceeds 8 times the sum
of beam stiffnesses at each end of the span.
Example 8.1
Use ACI coefficients method, if applicable, to determine the factored moments and shear for
roof and floor beams of interior frame of building indicated in figure below. In your solution
assume that 𝑊 = 3 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 , 𝑊 = 10 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚 , 𝑊 = 9 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚, and
𝑊 = 6 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚, and that the support region has a width of 500mm.
3D View.
Support region.
Elevation view
for interior
frame.
Solution
Roof Beams:
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.5 × 0.3 × 24 = 3.6 ⇒𝑊 = 9 + 3.6 = 12.6
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = max(1.4 × 12.6, 1.2 × 12.6 + 1.6 × 3) ≈ 20
𝑚
Check applicability of ACI coefficients method for roof beams:
o Members are prismatic, Ok.
o Loads are uniformly distributed, Ok.
o The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load,
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 12.6 >𝑊 =3 ∴ 𝑂𝑘.
𝑚 𝑚
o There are two or more spans:
As there are two spans, therefore okay.
o The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more than 20 percent:
Adjacent spans are equals, therefore okay.
For roof beams, moments can be determined with referring to Case b
0.5
ℓ = 6.0 − × 2 = 5.5 𝑚
2
𝑊ℓ 20 × 5.5
𝑀 . = = = 67.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
9 9
As the discontinuous end is column support, hence positive and exterior negative moments
are:
𝑊ℓ 20 × 5.5
𝑀 = = = 43.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
𝑊ℓ 20 × 5.5
𝑀 . = = = 37.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
According to Table Error! Reference source not found., factored shear force at exterior
face of first interior support is:
𝑊ℓ 20 × 5.5
𝑉 = 1.15 = 1.15 × = 63.3 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Floor Beams:
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.5 × 0.3 × 24 = 3.6 ⇒𝑊 = 6 + 3.6 = 9.6
𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = max(1.4 × 9.6, 1.2 × 9.6 + 1.6 × 6) ≈ 21.2
𝑚
Check applicability of ACI coefficients method for floor beams:
o The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load,
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
3𝑊 = 3 × 9.6 >𝑊 = 10 ∴ 𝑂𝑘.
𝑚 𝑚
As there are four spans, therefore okay.
For floor beams, moments can be determined with referring to Case a
0.5
ℓ = 6.0 − × 2 = 5.5 𝑚
2
For interior spans:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑀 = = = 58.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑀 = = = 40.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
For exterior spans:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑀 . = = = 64.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10 10
As the discontinuous end is simple support, hence positive and exterior negative moments
are:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑀 = = = 58.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
𝑀 . =0
Finally, the shear at exterior face of first interior support is:

𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑉 = 1.15 = 1.15 × = 67.0 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Factored moments and shear forces for roof and floor beams are summarized in figure below.
Example 8-2
Resolve Example 8-1above when floor beam are supported on spandrel girder as indicated in
Figure below.
3D View.
Support region.
Elevation view
for interior
frame.
.
Solution
Roof Beams:
Change of exterior support condition for floor beams has no effect on factored forces of roof
beams;.
Floor Beams:
Regarding to floor beams, clear spans for exterior and interior spans are:
. . .
ℓ = 6.00 − × 2 = 5.5 𝑚, ℓ = 6.00 − − = 5.60 𝑚
ℓ shall be average of two adjacent span for negative moment:
5.5 + 5.6
ℓ . = = 5.55 𝑚
2
With these clear spans, factored moments for an interior span can be determined with
referring Case a:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.55
𝑀 = = = 59.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.5
𝑀 = = = 40.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
While for an exterior span with spandrel exterior support moments would be:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.55
𝑀 . = = = 65.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10 10
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.6
𝑀 = = = 47.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.6
𝑀 . = = = 27.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
24 24
It is useful to note that ℓ of 5.60 𝑚 is used to determine the 𝑀 . as
it is governed by its exterior span.
Finally, the shear at exterior face of first interior support is:
𝑊ℓ 21.2 × 5.6
𝑉 = 1.15 = 1.15 × = 68.3 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Factored moments and shear forces for roof and floor beams are summarized in figure below.
Example 8-3
For building frame indicated in figure below, edge floor beams and floor beams are subjected
to factored loads of 20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and 40 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 respectively. Check if ACI coefficients method is
applicable to determine factored forces of a typical floor beam and of the edge floor beam
located along stair shaft. In your checking, assume the unfactored live load does not exceed 3
times the unfactored dead load.
3D
View
Plan
View
Solution
Applicability of ACI coefficients method:
Checking applicability of ACI coefficients method for the edge floor beams and a typical floor
beam:
o The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load:
This condition is satisfied according to example statement.
 There are two spans for the edge floor beam located along stair shaft, oaky.
 There are three spans for a typical floor beam, okay.
Factored Forces for the Edge Floor Beam:

As the edge beam is directly supported on columns (that have width equal to that of the
girder), therefore their clear span is:
0.4
ℓ = 5.00 − × 2 = 4.60 𝑚
2
With two spans and column exterior support, the factored moments can be determined with
referring to Case b
𝑊ℓ 20 × 4.6
𝑀 . = = = 26.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
𝑊ℓ 20 × 4.6
𝑀 = = = 30.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
𝑊ℓ 20 × 4.6
𝑀 . = = = 47.0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
9 9
𝑊ℓ 20 × 4.6
𝑉 = 1.15 = 1.15 × = 52.9 𝑘𝑁
2 2
The factored forces for edge beams are summarized in see figure below
Factored Forces for a Typical Floor Beam:

As a typical floor beam has three spans and at discontinuous ends, it is supported on spandrel
girders, its factored forces can be determined with referring to Case b
0.4
ℓ = 5.00 − × 2 = 4.60 𝑚
2
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑀 = = = 76.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑀 = = = 52.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
16 16
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑀 . = = = 84.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10 10
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑀 = = = 60.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
14 14
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑀 . = = = 35.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
24 24
𝑊ℓ 40 × 4.6
𝑉 = 1.15 = 1.15 × = 106 𝑘𝑁
2 2
The factored forces for beams are summarized in see figure below

Chapter 9-1 Analysis of Beams 19 3 2023

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345 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES CHAPTER NINE

ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

ACI Moment Coefficients

Shear is taken equal to a coefficient multiplied by wuℓn∕2.

Different Types of Discontinuous End

Discontinuous ends with

TABLE Moment and shear values using ACI coefficient†

For roof beams, moments can be determined with referring to Case b

Finally, the shear at exterior face of first interior support is:

Factored Forces for the Edge Floor Beam:

Factored Forces for a Typical Floor Beam:

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