&aHeies

baHery s a deuice which can shx chomical enerry and,on

demand , coneat it inb electncal e
nesqy to dnie an exemal
CYcut
pachca a baHey ialways seaigned and amanutothu
TP Aparshiceular duh, e-q, to por toch, t 4hort a Cor
engine. 6
2ppt emergency power fos a
a cmputer.
bospikal or
For each
appica ken, a set
paHest chavactensheg wibe estenhal
ThLse
chavachenshe wl decide tho design a e cet
BaHen charochrishca
A Cevtain pesomance is necessa or a haHert t pert m

sahstpctoot in an
n Auht and we Berfore need ho define
charocemshcs which may be me astred and used to judge uhether
a
batest i< sutake for a
pash ealar applica hon.
1) vsitaae
Rrtominal vsttag. h e baHe- stl deperd h ren-enev
change in he ovevall ell reachon and, thechk, tRe heice eleclande
reachons, he leine hts elechroce reachons and cell Yesi4tahce ie

fcell EEAn-1-ieR
Gseater the value -E", g reaes wil be tho vattage.
MoRoves, bot the eleccdo reachons shuld occus at +io
seajure
Taheithent Bignifcan ovespoBentals and he cell should awas be
Aesi ned mnimiqe. nttage drop 1e, he electrodlag shoul be closel
paced and o electokyte khould have a hish conduck.ihy.

aenerally high cel

a
pofental iis * e t desiabke and
favered b itRo seleetin ekchoole reachensshih

Aead o an 6vesall cel high néga hue hee enerr

eachon at a

deckode veaches etheut large avepotenhals in

change ()
+Ro
+R ang
angc Tent to e dvawn tm he cel Cie., elechvoe
Teachon ehald be as) and ii) designing 4he cel wth Lno
lauo-resitfse
eslstance ie, wtth , highly Conduchivg
a elechooyte,
Amall interelechorocle qaap.
Bepaaer and
 CUment
Cument s AmeaAut ate al which +ho baHeny
&ischaqto cument
wThout

abiCih a baten h daler a high

eledren rasfer
an esces«ive dependeot on rapld
p e n a l h s is mimu
Teachons and (ovmec matenal to ensure
deaign the ackve is
elockoen tranfer
uprt alecyoachve species h tHo aite whex

Capaay
t6ot may be bbtained m the batort Je.
Capacih i ho chage
hous which a ba Hery Can povida. a
cussen
hambes
equal o he duschaqe ote.
depends o
i yuoted in ampee hous and clear

Roig h baky.The capadihy ea elecrade may be

caleulaked t e weigkt'w acve. materal a

C n f /M
ushe M i¢ the Tofar mazs t h e achve matenal. The capaci
i doteyminsel -4o electrode. cf lawest capaihs.
by
baHer
e vaftage Vs hm
Th capa meaured by monitomn
Sting a ed usnent discharne .

BaHer . Min
Fceo
vetage
t
me
at
ihe capaa ven b t heet is Ae ima
mn

ited wnent er fa vattot to reach a value e

shee the batey i no lerer wsehk
variakmA baHer tae durg dischasgt
contu o delver +hoxpecked
anc e abilih tho cetl
 (
Capac nCeaLe ischa»g nales., aar imporlen bate
Prlies

Lxdnsh Sho »nge deniA

chavge prr uilweigk} Aoved
in ba He
i e , iti h capciy pr unt wigt
Thfemm appies ho 4A whoe baHe and hemce , tho eiht
the
e
cEmplshe baten, including olocknyte.,
umend telleeh,
teminds, c ase ett

A hishstoote dlently depends on qood baHe de

mioiou3tng
izing Hhe weight all elomenls) and alse torectalechon
elec d. seachons.
anodes ia paty dus
or e e populaih ithum
4 weight . 1F chage is obtained om 4he diztukion

1
-nerot oensiy
Ener densihy i he eneTGA oblainable per uni weigh
b a t t CkilowaH beu per ka) and is deined aa

ne dennhy =
it'Ecel

measured by doheami ni ng dapaciht and nohing

and h total weightr
ave so porental.dunno discharge
h ba Henj.
eyd, lik
baHenes ax desimed only for a
kinga lischav
Pima
bato y is expeched o be capable ch
but a e cendan
tho hamber
charqe/dis ch amt cycles. be cyele ife iz
Tepehhve
*at ae peeeible. before ailure
chamel diichavgc cyeles
 Fos a econdan batb* t i eso nhal +2 cischany-1

chage ccle t Terdsm the achve matenal in 'a s u tabe ate fo

tsfhes lischarge . 1he achue m atorial must hane. P Corec

chemical cemposi Non, menpholcoy. and diztnbuhon in tho ccell-

ell

The met
comman fovm tiue a:

o seAon o tfe curent collech or centacts

Ahedding h a achve material om 2 plales
&hor dne do dendnes qmeina behoeen eeloctodea
ehanges in mor pholo
nen e
Theener
eneT eicdenea a Aecender baHey is ven a

To
eneY
enevnA uonc ehe Yeleaied on dischasx lJD
enerot Teyuured fr chage
Thecire wid dapend on tha cunen+
clenere
+elecroda proceses. etnd the ovezpotenhias nvate in
and reachms a well asbaHery
both diecha ra ohavop.
resstance.

Shef Lfe
14 h e period for which a bar Hery can be stored wi -
sef-dischara2 Ci reachom behween the anedle and cathade
a chve material a ) p bepen r Loien Cwnan5

colecns)