AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED IN NOVEL “KOALA KUMAL”

BY RADITYA DIKA

Desva Ariasanti¹, Sastika Seli², Dewi Syafitri³

STKIP PGRI LUBUKLINGGAU1,2,3
ariasantidesva@gmail.com1

ABSTRACT

The problem of the study was “What are the types, meanings, and functions used
in novel ‘Koala Kumal’ by Raditya Dika?” The objectives of the study were to
find out the types, meanings, and functions of code mixing used in novel “Koala
Kumal” by Raditya Dika. This study mainly aimed to describe code mixing found
in novel “Koala Kumal”. The writer used a qualitative descriptive method to
classify and analyze the data. The data were analyzed through some steps
including identification, classification, reduction, description, and conclusion.
After the data were analyzed, the writer found the types, the meanings, and the
functions of code mixing in novel “Koala Kumal”. The types of code mixing that
were found in novel “Koala Kumal” were insertion of word (112 words) and
phrase (53 phrases), alternation (4 clauses), and congruent lexicalization (3
words). Denotative meanings (170 words and phrases) and connotative meanings
(65 words, phrases, and clauses) were found in novel “Koala Kumal”. The
functions of code mixing which found were to involve the topic of conversation
(146 words and phrases), adapt with new participant (21 words, phrases, and
clauses), and express solidarity (5 words). In summary, code mixing which is used
by Raditya Dika in his novel had the purpose to inform and convey the topic
which Raditya talk about, then to express his feeling, and also to measure the level
of solidarity among the relationship between Raditya Dika with other people in
intimate and distance relationship.

Key word: code mixing, novel

INTRODUCTION
Language is used for communication by all people wherever and whenever
people were. According to Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2003: 3), “People live
in a world of language.” A world where people could talk and interact to their
parents, families and relatives, friends, communities, wives and husbands, their
lovers, their teachers, rivals, and even enemies. It meant other people understood
what the speaker mean.
People usually use more than one language to create a better and clearer
understanding of language used in communication. It is like a necessary for them
when communicate with their listeners. People use and mix two or more
languages to communicate. It would support their communication with other
people or established more interactions.

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 Language can not be separated from the society. There is a special
relationship between language and the user of language itself even the language is
mixing. According to Sumarsih, Siregar, Bahri, and Sanjaya (2014: 77) “Code
mixing due to mixing speakers of both languages (code) in a mixed sentence.”
This code mixing is not used just in spoken but also in written. Code mixing was
also found in literary works. Some authors of books or novel mixed the code in
their works. One of the authors who used code mixing was Raditya Dika.
Raditya often mix foreign language like English with Indonesian in his
novel. This mixing make his novel is more interesting and more impressive to
read by the reader, and because of this mixture, the readers do not feel tedious
when the readers read the novel. However, there are not all the readers understand
or know what the types, the meaning, and functions of code mixing. From the
explanation above, the writer was interested to conduct the study entitles “An
Analysis of Code Mixing Used in Novel “Koala Kumal” By Raditya Dika”.

LITERATURE REVIEW
People use language to communicate to the others people in society. Based
on Wardhaugh (2006: 1) “A language is what the members of a particular society
speak”. It means language is an important thing in daily life. People usually do not
only used one language when speak, but sometime people also use two or more
languages.
People are able to used more than one language, because people have ability
to use and master more than languages. This ability in sociolinguistics is called
bilingual or multilingual. Bilingualism (or multilingualism) also refers to the
situation in nations in which two (or more) languages are spoken and recognized
as official or national languages (Fromkin, Rodman, & Hyams, 2011: 461).
The ability to master two or more languages enables people for mixing the
language when speak or communicate with another. This mixture is called code
mixing. Based on Sumarsih et all. (2014: 79), code-mixing is a mixture between
two or more languages with different language. Code mixing occurs when
speakers mix/insert foreign words, phrases, or clauses in the dominant language
use, including the use of foreign terms that appear intellect.
There are several types of code mixing. The types are insertion of phrase
and word, alternation, and congruent lexicalization (Muysken, 2000: 3). There are
also the meanings of code mixing such as denotative and connotative meanings
(Leech, 1981: 9). Beside the types and the meanings of code mixing, there are also
the functions of code mixing. For instance, involving the topic of conversation,
adapting with new participants, and expressing solidarity (Adapted to Holmes,
2008: 34).

RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, the writer used descriptive qualitative research as research
design. Based on Fraenkel & Wallen (2009: 422) qualitative research is research
studies that investigate the quality of relationship, activities, situations, or
materials are frequently. The data sources were divided into two parts of data:
primary and secondary data.
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 According to Hox and Boeije (2005: 593), Primary data are collected for the
specific research problem at hand, using procedures that fit research problem best.
On every occasion that primary data are collected, new data are added to the
existing store of social knowledge. Increasingly, this material created by other
researchers is made available for reuse by the general research community; it is
then called secondary data.
The data were collected by conducting library research. Based on George (2008: 7)
“Library research involves identifying and locating sources that provide factual
information or personal/ expert opinion on a research questions; necessary component of
every other research method at some point.”
The writer collected the data from the content of Koala Kumal novel as data
sources and focus on code mixing used of first language (L 1), second language (L2), and
foreign language (FL). The writer read the whole content of novel “Koala Kumal” to
collect the data.
After the data had been collected, the writer analyzed them. In analyzing the
data, there were some steps or procedures that were used by the writer, they were
as follows:
1. Identification
2. Classification
3. Reduction
4. Description
5. Conclusion

FINDINGS
There were some findings in this study. The first finding was the types of
code mixing. Muysken (2000: 3) shows some types of code mixing also known as
intra-sentential code mixing such as insertion, alternation, and congruent
lexicalization. The types of code mixing were found in Koala Kumal novel was
about 172 codes mixing.
The table bellow would show the total numbers of the types of code mixing
which was found in novel “Koala Kumal” by Raditya Dika:

Table 4.1
The Total Numbers of Code Mixing Types

No Code Mixing Types The Total Numbers of Finding

Insertion of word 112 words
1
Insertion of phrase 53 phrases
2 Alternation 3 clauses
3 Congruent lexicalization 4 words

Based on the table above, the most types of code mixing which appeared in
novel “Koala Kumal” was insertion of word type of code mixing with the total
numbers were 112 of words. It is because the word from another language like
English was commonly insert in Indonesian sentence or utterance.
The next finding was the meaning of code mixing. Denotative meaning and
connotative meaning were the meanings of code mixing that was found in this
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study. The following table presented the total numbers of the meaning of code
mixing.
Table 4.2
The Total Numbers of Code Mixing Meanings

The Numbers of Code

No Code Mixing Meanings
Mixing Meanings
1 Denotative meaning 170 words/phrases
2 Connotative meaning 65 words/phrases/clauses

The table presented above showed that the most meaning of code mixing
which found in Koala Kumal novel by Raditya Dika was denotative meaning with
the total numbers were 170 of words and phrases. It is because the meanings of
those words and phrases have a specific, exact and concrete meaning, and the
meaning can be found in dictionary.
The last finding in this study was the function of code mixing. There are
three function of code mixing. The functions are involving the topic of
conversation, adapting with new participants, and expressing solidarity (Adapted
to Holmes, 2008: 34).
The following table bellow showed the total numbers of code mixing
function. They are as follows:
Table 4.3
The Total Numbers of Code Mixing Functions

The Total Numbers of

No Code Mixing Functions Code Mixing
Functions
1 Involving the topic of conversation 146 words/phrases
2 Adapting with new participants 21 words/phrases/
clauses
3 Expressing solidarity 5 words

Based on the table which was showed above, it could conclude that the most
function of code mixing which was showed by Raditya Dika in novel Koala
Kumal was involving the topic of conversation with the total numbers were 146 of
words and phrases. This function could be the most code mixing function that
found in Koala Kumal Novel, because the primary purpose of Raditya Dika in
written his novel was to convey the topic that Riditya Dika usually discuss and
Raditya Dika also expressed his feeling about the topic of his conversation.

CONCLUSION
Based on finding and discussion, the writer concluded that the types of code
mixing which found in novel “Koala Kumal” were insertion of word (noun, verb,
and adjective insertion) and phrase (noun phrase, verb phrase, and adjective
phrase insertion), alternation, and congruent lexicalization. Denotative and
connotative meanings were found in novel “Koala Kumal”. The functions of code
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mixing which were found in novel “Koala Kumal” was to involve the topic of
conversation, adapt with new participant, and express solidarity. The most type of
code mixing that was used by Raditya Dika was insertion of word in form of noun
insertion. The most meaning which was found in novel “Koala Kumal” was
denotative meaning. Then, the function of code mixing which most used by
Raditya Dika was to involve the topic of conversation. Code mixing which is used
by Raditya Dika in his novel had the purpose to inform and convey the topic
which Raditya talk about, then to express his feeling, and also to measure the level
of solidarity among the relationship between Raditya Dika with other people in
intimate and distance relationship.

SUGGESTIONS
Based on the result of this study, the writer gives some suggestions as
follows:
1. For the Lecturers
The lecturers are suggested to provide a new and additional knowledge for
teaching material which can be used by the lecturers to teach the students in
teaching code mixing material in the class. Therefore, the lecturers could use the
novel “Koala Kumal” or other novels which had been written by Raditya Dika as
teaching resources or teaching media to teach linguistics, especially about code
mixing.
2. For the Students
The writer suggests the students to take some information and knowledge
about linguistics study, especially in sociolinguistics. The result of this study
could enrich students’ knowledge about code mixing and they also can found
examples of code mixing used in Raditya Dika’s novel or other fields.
3. For the Other Writers
The other writers are suggested to investigate and find other’s types,
meanings, and functions of code mixing in other novels.
4. For Institution
The institution is better to provide other studies and more sources related to
sociolinguistics study to enrich references for the writers.

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