‫‪Possessive Case‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻨﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪ (-'s‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪(Apostrophe+ S) :‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ )‪.(Of‬‬

‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (-'s‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ‪The man's car‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ‪The student's name‬‬
‫ﺫﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ‪The horse's tail‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed's sister‬‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ )'( ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻑ)‪ ،(s‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ ‪The students' book‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﺨﻭﺍﻨﻲ ‪My brothers' car‬‬
‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ‪The boys' room‬‬ ‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ‪The teachers' room‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ‪The girls' dresses‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ‪The girls' school‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ ('s‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻑ)‪ ،(s‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬

‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ‪Women's rights‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ‪The children's toy‬‬

‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎل ‪The men's room‬‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ‪People's needs‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ ('s‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ )'( ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻑ )‪ ،(s‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫‪Yunis's book or Yunis' book‬‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‬
‫‪Faris's hat or Faris' hat‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ ('s‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬

‫‪Ahmed and Adnan's house‬‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺯل ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Hamdan and Khalid's friends‬‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺨﺎﻟﺩ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬
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 ‫‪ .6‬ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪ ('s‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫)‪This isn't my house. It's my brother's.(= my brother's house‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻪ ﺒﻴﺕ ﺃﺨﻲ‬

‫‪ .7‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ )‪ (of‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﺠﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺸﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﻗﻼﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪The name of the book‬‬
‫‪The leg of the chair‬‬ ‫ﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل‪:‬‬

‫‪The book's name‬‬ ‫‪The chair's leg‬‬

‫‪ .8‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ )‪ (of‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‪the beginning, the bottom, the ) :‬‬
‫‪ ،(top, the middle, the front,the back, the end‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬

‫‪The front of the house‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‬

‫‪The end of the street‬‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫‪The top of the page‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل‪:‬‬

‫‪The house front, The street end, The page top.‬‬

‫‪ .9‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ)‪ ('s‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ )'( ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻤﺱ ‪Yesterday's newspaper‬‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪An hour's time‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ‪Today's match‬‬ ‫ﺩﺨل ﺸﻬﺭﻴﻥ ‪Two weeks' income‬‬
‫ﻋﻁﻠﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺒﻴﻊ ‪Four weeks' holiday‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤل ﻴﻭﻤﻴﻥ ‪Two days' work‬‬
‫ﺃﺠﺭ ﻏﺩﺍﹰ ‪ Tomorrow's pay‬ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ‪Next week's meeting‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬

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 ‫‪Comparison‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Comparative degree‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫‪Superlative degree‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴل‬
‫‪Comparative degree‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻴﺌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﻀﻴﻑ ﻟﻬﺎ )‪ (-er‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺒــ)‪،(than‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪S+ Verb to be + Adj+ er + than+ S‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ ‪Small‬‬ ‫‪Smaller than‬‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪Fast‬‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪Faster than‬‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪Tall‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫‪Taller than‬‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻭل ﻤﻥ‬

‫‪1- Ahmed is taller than Rami‬‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻁﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍﻤﻲ‬

‫‪2- He is older than Jamal‬‬ ‫ﻫﻭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴل‬
‫ﺠﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻥ ‪Good,‬‬ ‫‪Better than‬‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺴﻥ‬ ‫‪The best‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫‪Well‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪Bad‬‬ ‫ﺴﻲﺀ‬ ‫‪Worse than‬‬ ‫‪ The‬ﺃﺴﻭﺃ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺀ‬
‫‪worst‬‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ‪Much,‬‬ ‫‪More than‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ‪ The most‬ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪Many‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴل ‪Little‬‬ ‫‪Less than‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪The least‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬
‫‪Far‬‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫‪Farther/Further‬‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪The‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫‪than‬‬ ‫‪farthest/‬‬
‫‪furthest‬‬
‫‪1- Studying is better than playing.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪2-Ahmed's car is worse than Omar's‬‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺴﻭﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﺭ‬
‫‪3- You drank more water than I did‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﺸﺭﺒﺕ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ*ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬

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‫( ﻭﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ‬more,less) ‫ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻑ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬.2
:‫ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫( ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬than)

S+ Verb to be + more, less +Adj+ than+ S

S+ main verb + more, less +Adverb+ than+ S

:‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬

beautiful dangerous expensive exiting interesting
difficult important careful wonderful generous

1. Tala is more beautiful than Mona. ‫ﺘﺎﻻ ﺃﺠﻤل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻰ‬

2. Our house is more expensive than yours. ‫ﺒﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﺃﻏﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﺘﻜﻡ‬
3. Silver is less expensive than gold. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﺃﺭﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‬
4. You play more quickly than Tala. ‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﻻ‬
5. He speaks English more fluently than you.
‫ﻫﻭ ﻴﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﻼﻗﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻨﻙ‬

‫ ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ*ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬.‫ﺃ‬
.(Islam English) ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ‬

4
 ‫‪Superlative Degree‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴل‬

‫ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻔﻀﻴل ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺸﻴﺌﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﻀﻴﻑ ﻟﻬﺎ )‪ (-est‬ﻭﻨﻀﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﻬـﺎ )‪ (the‬ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ ﺼـﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪S+ Verb to be +the+ Adj+ est ….‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪Short‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﺭ ‪The shortest‬‬
‫‪Tall‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫‪The tallest‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﻭل‬

‫‪1- Ali is the tallest student of all in the class‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﻭل ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬
‫‪2- The Nile is the longest river in the world.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل ﺃﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫‪3- This is the best story I have ever read.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻗﺼﺔ ﻗﺭﺃﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻑ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻀﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﻤﺎ )‪ (the most‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﻀﻴل‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫…‪S+ Verb to be + the most +Adj‬‬

‫…‪S+ Main verb + the most + Adverb‬‬

‫‪1- Sana is the most beautiful girl in the‬‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪town.‬‬
‫‪2- He is the most generous person here.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻜﺭﻤﺎﹰ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫‪3- Ahmad runs the most quickly in the class.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺭﻜﺽ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
Active and Passive ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬
:‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬
.‫" ﺤﺴﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬Be" ‫ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬.2 .‫ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬.1
.‫ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﻭﻨﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬.3
‫( ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺠﻤﻠـﺔ ﻤﺒﻨـﻲ‬active) ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬
.(Passive) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬
1. Ramzi keeps the files in a safe.(active)
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺃ‬
The files ……………………………..
‫ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬.‫( ﺤﺴﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬Be) ‫ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل‬.‫ﺏ‬
.(are)
The files are ……………………………..
:‫ ﺜﻡ ﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﻭﻨﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬.‫ﺠـ‬
The files are kept in a safe. (passive) ……………………………..
:‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬
.....‫" ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬Be" ‫ـﺎل‬
‫ـﺩ ﺃﻓﻌـ‬
‫ـﺎﺭ ﺃﺤـ‬
‫ﻨــﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘــﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﻨﺨﺘـ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺏ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻟﻠﻔﻌل‬
(write) ‫ ﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬is / am /are + written
(wrote) ‫ ﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬was /were + written
Will/would/shall/should/may/might + be + written
Can/could/ought to/must/have to
Has to/had to
Have/ has/ had + been + written
(‫" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬Be+ing" ‫ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ )ﺃﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬+ being + written

:‫ﺍﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

1. Ahmad writes a letter every day. (active)
-- A letter is written every day. (passive)
2. Ahmad wrote a letter yesterday. (active)
-- A letter was written yesterday. (passive)
3. Ahmad will write a letter tomorrow. (active)
-- A letter will be written tomorrow. (passive)
4. Ahmad has written a letter lately. (active)
-- A letter has been written lately. (passive)
5. Ahmad is writing a letter now. (active)
-- A letter is being written now. (passive)
6. Ahmad was writing a letter when I got home. (active)
-- A letter was being written when I got home. (passive)
‫ ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬.‫ﺃ‬
.(Islam English) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ‬

6
‫ )ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺒـﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل‬
(‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
Change the following sentences from the active into the
passive form.
1. I keep the butter in the fridge.
The butter ………………………………………………………
2. They stole the car last night.
The car...................................................................................
3. They are repairing the machine now.
The machine…………………………………………………….
4. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet……………………………………………………
5. Someone has changed the instructions.
The instructions………………………………………………...

‫ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺒﺔ‬

1. is kept in the fridge.

2. was stolen last night.
3. is being repaired now.
4. was written by Shakespeare.
5. have been changed.

‫ ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬.‫ﺃ‬
.(Islam English) ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ‬

7
 ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪Possessive‬‬ ‫‪Possessive‬‬
‫‪Adjective‬‬ ‫‪Pronoun‬‬
‫ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬

‫‪My…..‬‬ ‫‪Mine‬‬
‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬
‫‪His‬‬ ‫‪His‬‬
‫ـﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪Her‬‬ ‫‪Hers‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Its‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ـﻪ‪/‬ﻫـﺎ‬
‫‪Your‬‬ ‫‪Yours‬‬
‫ﻙ‪ /‬ﻙ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‪ /‬ﻟﻙ‪‬‬
‫‪Your‬‬ ‫‪Yours‬‬
‫ﻜﹸﻡ‪ /‬ﻜﹸﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻡ‪ /‬ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫‪Our‬‬ ‫‪Ours‬‬
‫ﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫‪Their‬‬ ‫‪Theirs‬‬
‫ﻫﻡ‪ /‬ﻫـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‪ /‬ﻟﻬﻥ‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪Saleh is my friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕﻱ‬
‫‪Saleh is our friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕﻨﺎ‬
‫‪Saleh is your friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕﻙ‬
‫‪Saleh is his friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕ ـﻪ‬

‫‪Saleh is her friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕﻫﺎ‬

‫‪Saleh is their friend‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺼﺩﻴﻕﻫﻡ‬

‫‪The cat had its food‬‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺔ ﻁﻌﺎﻡﻫﺎ‬

‫‪This is my house‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻨﺯﻟﻲ‬
‫‪This shirt is his‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﻴﺹ ﻤﻠﻜﻪ )ﻟﻪ(‬
‫‪This is his shirt‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﻴﺹﻩ‬
‫‪This is our shop‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺤلﻨﺎ‬
‫‪This is your pen‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻡﻙ‬
‫‪This pen is yours‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﻤﻠﻜﻙ )ﻟﻙ(‬
‫‪This book is mine‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻤﻠﻜﻲ )ﻟﻲ(‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﺃﻡ ﺠﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ‪Many‬‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ‪Much‬‬
‫‪ Many‬‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ )ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ‪ /‬ﻓﻌل ﺠﻤﻊ(‬
‫‪1. There are many cars in the park.‬‬

‫‪ Much‬‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ )ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ‪ /‬ﻓﻌل ﻤﻔﺭﺩ(‬

‫‪1. Much time is needed to finish the project.‬‬
‫‪2. There was much water in the tank.‬‬

‫‪Few‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫‪Little‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬

‫‪A Few / Few‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل )ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ‪ /‬ﻓﻌل ﺠﻤﻊ(‬

‫‪1. Few visitors have come to see Petra.‬‬

‫‪2. There were a few books on the table.‬‬

‫‪ A little / little‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل )ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ‪ /‬ﻓﻌل ﻤﻔﺭﺩ(‬
‫‪1. A little patience is always wise.‬‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ‪a few/few/a little/ little‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (a few/few‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (a little/little‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪) Few /little ‬ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻜﻔﻲ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪) a few/ a little ‬ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻔﻲ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪1. There is little time left. We can't do the exercise today.‬‬
‫ﺒﻘﻲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل )ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪2. There is a little time left. We can do the exercise today.‬‬

‫ﺒﻘﻲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل )ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‪ .‬ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪3. The restaurant is old and dirty . Few customers come here.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻌﻡ ﻗﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻗﺫﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل )ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺴﻠﺒﻲ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺒﺎﺌﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪4. I feel happy that I have made a few friends in the first week.‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴل )ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒـﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬
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 ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻔﻌل‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪Me‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻲ‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪Him‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪Her‬‬
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬
‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪It‬‬
‫ﺇﻨﻪ‪ /‬ﺇﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ـﻪ‪ /‬ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻗل‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪You‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﺕ‪ /‬ﺃﻨﺕ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‪ /‬ﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪You‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﺘﻡ‪ /‬ﺃﻨﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﹸﻡ‪ /‬ﻜﹸﻥ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪Us‬‬
‫ﻨﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬
‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪Them‬‬
‫ﻫﻡ‪ /‬ﻫـﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‪ /‬ﻫﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺎﻗل‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻗل‬

‫‪She loves me‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺏﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ‪:‬‬

‫‪He loves her‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺤل ﻤﺤـل ﺍﻻﺴـﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻴﺤﺏﻫﺎ‬
‫‪I love you‬‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺘـﺩل ﺃﻨﺎ ﺃﺤﺏﻙ‬
‫‪We love them‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ"ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩ" ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺘـﺩل ﻨﺤﻥ ﻨﺤﺏﻫﻡ‬
‫‪They love us‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ "ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻭﻀـﺤﺔ ﻫﻡ ﻴﺤﺒﻭﻨﺎ‬
‫‪You love her‬‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﺏﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪She loves him‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺏﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪It drinks milk every‬‬ ‫ـﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺇﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺏ ﻜل ﻴﻭﻡ )ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺔ(‬ ‫ـﺩ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ـﺭﺩ ﺒﻌـ‬
‫ـل ﺍﻟﻤﺠـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـ‬
‫‪day‬‬ ‫)‪ (He, She, it‬ﻴـﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻌـﻪ )‪(S‬‬
‫‪Ali is feeding it meat‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻁﻌﻡﻫﺎ ﻟﺤﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺔ(‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎﹰ‪ .‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل )‪ (Love‬ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ )‪.(S‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒـﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ‪Any / Some‬‬

‫‪Any‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤـل ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻡ ﺃﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺍﺀ ‪1. I didn’t have any lunch.‬‬

‫ﻫل ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺨﺒﺯﺍﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ?‪2. Is there any bread at home‬‬
‫ﻫل ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻴﺕ ﺃﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺏ ?‪3. Have you bought any comic books‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺯﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫل ﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺎل ?‪4. Do you save any money‬‬

‫‪Some‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻻﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪1. I will buy some apples.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺄﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬

‫‪2. He gave me some money‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﻌﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴل ‪3. Some people enjoy reading at night.‬‬

‫‪4. We bought some flowers.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﻭﺭ‬

‫‪5. You need some advice.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺌﺢ‬
‫* ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪ (Some‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫?‪would you like some tea‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒـﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬

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 Prepositions ‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ‬

Use of Prepositions ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ‬

(In) ‫ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ‬

‫ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠـﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻭل‬،‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬،‫ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺭ‬.1

:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
in March/ in October/ in 1982/ in winter/ in summer/ in the 19th century/ in the
twentieth century / in the evening/ in the 1990/ in the morning /in the middle ages/
in the afternoon / in the past/ in (the) future/ in time.

1. In Jordan most people don't work on Fridays. ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬
2. The sun rises in the morning. ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬
3. My father was born in 1977. ‫ﻡ‬1977 ‫ﻟﺩ ﺃﺒﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬

:‫ ﻜﻘﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬،‫ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬.2

in America in Jordan in Iraq in Damascus in Amman

1. I have lived in Syria for three years. ‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻋﺸﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
2. We watched several beautiful buildings when we were in London.
.‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺩﻥ‬
3. There are more than fifteen universities in Jordan.
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﺃ‬
.(Islam English) ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ‬

12
 ‫ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ )‪(At‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ(‪1. He will come at 7 o'clock.‬‬
‫)ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴل( ‪2. We arrived at midnight.‬‬
‫)ﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ(‪3. They will start at sunrise.‬‬
‫)ﻏﺭﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ(‪4. I will meet you at sunset.‬‬

‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (at‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪at night‬‬ ‫‪ at the weekend‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻅﻬﺭ ‪ at noon‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻁﻠﺔ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬
‫‪at the moment‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻅﺔ‬ ‫‪at present‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬

‫ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺭ )‪(On‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫)ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ( ‪- The exam is on Monday.‬‬
‫)ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ(‪- She was born on 17 October, 1990.‬‬
‫)ﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ(‪- The family meet on Christmas Day.‬‬
‫)ﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ(‪- I got this watch on my birthday.‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ* ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ "ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺭ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﻙ ﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻨﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ )‪.(Islam English‬‬

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