CIVIC WELFARE TRAINNING SERVICE

SUBJECT: NSTP-CWTS 2 / NSTP-LTS 2

TITLE: Civic Welfare Training Service 2 / Literacy Training Service 2 CREDIT

UNITS: 3 units

COURSE BASIC REQUIREMENTS:

1. Attendance in lectures, seminars/workshops, community outreach activities

2. Presentation/Discussion/Team-Building & Team Bonding Activities
3. Assignments, Quizzes, Major Examination
4. Group album w/c includes narrative report, photos, community profile, attendance sheet
(during outreach activity) bio data of members, waiver

GRADING SYSTEM: Cumulative

PERCENTAGE and DISTRIBUTION OF GRADES:

Quizzes 15%

Final Examination 15%

Project Formulation, Content, Documentation 30%

Project Implementation 40%

Total 100%

%Passing 50%

GRADE RANGE ( Cut-off Score 50)

100 1.0 84-85 1.8

98-99 1.1 82-83 1.9
96-97 1.2 80-81 2.0
94-95 1.3 71-79 2.25
92-93 1.4 64-70 2.5
90-91 1.5 57-63 2.75
88-89 1.6 50-56 3.0
86-87 1.7 0-49 5.0

ATTENDANCE MARK:

1 meeting/week 2 meetings/week
0A0A
1 B 1-3 B
2-3 C 4-7 C
4-up D(Failed) 8-up D(Failed)
COMMUNITY

Community

A community is a geographical area where a group of people live a common life linked together
by factors such as religious beliefs, sexual orientation, occupation, or ethnic origin and a shared sense of
identity and belongings.

The fact that people live close to one another does not necessarily mean that they have much to
do with one another. There may be little interaction between neighbors. It is the nature of the
relationships between people and social networks of which they are a part that is often seen as one of
the most significant aspects of the community.

The nature of networks within a particular place or grouping is of fundamental importance when
making a judgement about communities and extent to which people can flourish with them.

People in a community are social beings. Connection and interaction both widen what they can
achieve and make possible improved individual character and knit the social fabric.

Kinds of Communities

1. Rural Communities – those located in barrios or sitios which are far from the cities
2. Urban Communities – those found in the cities and populated town center.

Sixteen Elements of Community Strength

1. Altruism – the property to which, individuals are ready to sacrifice benefits to themselves
for the benefit of the community as a whole
2. Communal Services – facilities and services (such as roads, water, access to education), their
sustainability and the degree to which all community members have access to them. 3. Common
Values – the degree to which members of the communities shared values, especially the idea
that they belong to a common identity that supersedes the interest of members within it.
4. Communication – exchange of information between people
Within the community and between itself and outside, communication includes roads,
electronic methods, printed media, networks, mutually understandable languages, literacy
and the willingness and ability to communicate.
5. Confidence – relationship based on trust
An understanding that the community can achieve whatever it wishes to do, positive
attitude, willingness
6. Context – an environment that supports strengthening includes political (includes the values
and attitudes of national leaders, laws and legislation) and administrative) attitudes of civil
servants and technicians, as well as Governmental regulation and procedures) elements,
and the legal environment.
7. Information – collected facts and data about a specific subject
The ability to process and analyse information, the level of awareness, knowledge and
wisdom found among key individuals and within the group as a whole
.
8. Intervention – actions affecting another’s affair
The extent of effectiveness of animation (mobilizing, management, training, awareness,
raising stimulation) aimed at strengthening the community.
9. Leadership – ability to guide, direct or influence people
Leaders have power, influence and the ability to move the community
10. Networking – process of gathering of contacts
Not just “what you know “but“ who you know”
11. Organization – a group of people identified by a shared interest or purpose The degree to
which different members of the community see themselves as each having a role in
 supporting the whole, including organizational identity, structure, procedures, decision
making processes, effectiveness, division of labor and complimentary of roles and
functions.
12. Political power – Power is the ability, strength and capacity to do something The degree to
which the community can participate in national and district decision making. 13. Skills – the
ability to do something well.
The ability manifested in individuals that will contribute to the organization of the
community and the ability of it to get things done, technical skills, management skills,
mobilizing skills.
14. Trust – Confidence
The degree to which members of the community trust each other, especially their leaders
and servants, which in turn is a reflection of the degree of integrity within the community. 15.
Unity – Harmony
A shared sense of belonging to a group consisting the community.
The degree to which community members are willing to tolerate the differences and
variations among each other and are willing to cooperate and work together. 16. Wealth
– value of assets
The degree to which the community as a whole has control over actual and potential
resources, and the production and distribution of scares and useful goods and services,
monetary and non - monetary.

The more any community has each of the above elements, the stronger it is, the more
capacity it has, and the more empowered.
Issues and Concerns Prevailing in the Community

1. Graft/Corruption
Corruption is the behaviour of public officials which deviates from accepted norms, in
order to serve private ends.
2. Incidence of Poverty
Poverty is a condition that is said to exist when people lack the means to satisfy their
basic needs.
Extreme poverty is the root cause of malnutrition.
3. Unemployment/Underemployment
Unemployed are people not at work for more than a specified minimum period of time
and who are able and willing to do work and also actively seeking work. The
underemployment are those who are working but expresses the desire for additional
work.
4. Health and Sanitation
5. Peace in order
6. Environmental Concern
a. Air Pollution
b. Water Pollution
c. Solid Waste Pollution
7. Food and Nutrition
Inadequate food intake and presence of infection lead to malnutrition. Those two
factors are caused by lack of quality maternal care and no awareness of proper
nutrition.
8. Drug Abuse
 9. Gambling
10. Mendicancy
11. Alcoholism
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

Local Government Unit – is a political subdivision if a nation or state is constituted by law and has a
substantial control over local affairs, including the power to impose taxes, and has governing officials
who are either appointed or elected.

Section 6 of RA 7160 – known as the Local Government Code of 1991

- Provides for the manner of creating local government units

Criteria or Requirements for the Creation of Local Government Units

1. Population – must be certified by the National Statistics Administration (NSA) 2. Estimated

average annual income for the immediate preceding two consecutive years and must be
certified by the Department of Finance (DF)
3. Land area – must be certified by the Land Management Bureau (LMB)
1. Barangay – must have a population of 2,000 inhabitants as certified by the NSA ; known as the
basic political unit.
2. Municipality – must have a population of 25,000 inhabitants as certified by the NSA, income of
P2.5 million for the last 2 consecutive years; land area of at least 60 square km. certified by the
LMB; composed of barangays.
3. City – must have a population of 150,000 inhabitants as certified by the NSA, Income of at least
P20 million for the last two consecutive years as certified by DF, land area of at least 100 sq. km.
as certified by the LMB, composed of more urbanized and highly developed barangays and
municipalities.
4. Highly Urbanized City – an income of P50 million and a population of 200,000 inhabitants 5.
Province – must have a population of 250,000 inhabitants as certified by NSA, land area of 2,000 sq.
km. certified by LMB, income of P20 million as certified by DF, composed of cluster municipalities,
or municipalities and component cities

Local Government Units

1. Barangay – has 8 elective local officials and 2 appointive local officials

Elective Local Officials: Punong Barangay and 7 Sangguniang Barangay
Members Appointive Local Officials: Barangay Secretary and Barangay
Treasurer.

2. Municipality – has 10 elective and 9 mandatory appointive officials

Elective Officials: Municipal Mayor. Municipal Vice Mayor, 8 Sangguniang Bayan
Memebers Appointive Officials: Engineer, Health Officer, Secretary to the Sangguniang,
Treasurer, Assessor, Budget Officer, Planning and Development Coordinator, Accountant,
Municipal Registrar
3. City – has 15 elective officials and minimum of 12 and maximum of 14 appointive officials
Elective Officials: City Mayor, City Vice Mayor, Sangguniang Panglungsod Members
Appointive Officials: Secretary to the Sangguniang Panglungsod Members, City Treasurer, City
Assessor, City Accountant, Budget Officer, City Planning and Development Coordinator, City
Engineer, City Health Officer, City Civil Registrar, City Administrator, City Legal Officer, City
 Veterinarian, City Social Welfare and Development Officer, City General Services Officer
Additional Appointive Officers: City Architect, City Information Officer, City Agriculturist, City
Population Officer, City Cooperative Officer, City Environment and Natural Resources Officer

4. Province – has a minimum of 10 elective and 14 mandatory appointive officials Elective Officials:
Governor, Vice Governor, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Members Appointive Officials: Provincial
Treasurer, Provincial Assessor, Provincial Accountant, Provincial Engineer, Provincial Budget
Officer, Provincial Planning and Budget Coordinator, Provincial Legal Officer, Provincial
Administrator, Provincial Health Officer, Provincial Social Welfare and Development Officer,
Provincial General Services Officer, Provincial Agriculturist, Provincial Veterinarian.
Additional Appointive Officials: Provincial Population Officer, Provincial Natural Resources and
Environment Officer, Provincial Cooperative Officer, Provincial Architect, Provincial Information
Officer.

Guiding Principles of Community Organizing:

• Go to the people
• Learn, Plan, and Work with the People
• Start with and Build on What the People Know
• Teach by showing, learn by doing
• Not Piecemeal but an Integrated Approach
• Not Relief but Release
Community Development

Community development refers to the improvement, growth and the change of the
geographic area and its people from backwardness to modern ways, from crudeness to
refinement, from ignorance to learning, from faultiness to virtuosity. It is about getting
things done like building a children’s play area; caring for people with disability, people
working together to support each other, involving and giving power and responsibility to
disadvantage people, growing in confidence and competence through active participation.
It is a partnership among the community development workers, the students, the
professionals, people of the community and other agencies in uplifting the standards of the
life of the community. The people of the community must be willing to give their share in
the work.
The aim of community development is to help the people acquire a coherent meaning
to life; it leads the people towards achieving sustainability and self – determination.

Community Work

Community work is a form of intervention that enables local people to reap maximum
benefit from community – based action and community development. It is an action – based
set of values, methods, skills and techniques.

Approaches to Community Development

1. Welfare Approach
It is an immediate approach and/or spontaneous response to ameliorate the
manifestation of poverty, especially on the personal level. The giving of foods,
 clothing and other materials to victims of calamities like fire, flood, earthquake,
volcanic eruption and typhoon are examples of the activities of this approach. 2.
Modernization Approach
It assumes the development consists of abandoning the traditional method of doing
things and must adopt the technology of industrial and developed countries. The use of
modern methods of farming, fertilizers and pesticide were viewed to increase farm
production, thus improving the economic capacity of the farmers. 3.
Transformatory/Participatory
It is the process of empowering/transforming the poor and the oppressed sector so
that they can pursue a more just and humane society. This strategy involves the
people’s participation in every developmental activity, making them own the
project. The sustainability of the project or program
Community Organizing – Participatory Action Research (CO – PAR)

Community Organizing – Participatory Action Research is a collective, participatory, transformative,

liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people’s organizations by
mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution
of their issues and concerns towards effecting changes in their existing oppressive and
exploitive conditions.

Community Organizing (CO) is transformative/liberative because it seeks to affect

changes that are not simply palliative or cosmetic in nature
CO is collective because it requires the concerned effort of a significant number of people
who have a common problem and share the same vision.

CO is sustained because there can be no real organizing if the process itself and the corresponding
results are short lived. This implies that the process is dynamic and never static, is always
revolving with changes and challenges in the environment. Participation is a must because
unless the people themselves are actively involved from the very start, nothing can be
expected to last.

CO is systematic because it is a strategy with a set of tactics planned by the organizer in order to
mobilized the poor towards their desired common goal.

CO is participatory process because it emanates from the bottom – up and is something imposed
from the top – down.

Importance of CO – PAR
CO– PAR Is a tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the
community workers generate community participation in the development activities

Goal Oriented Project Planning (GOPP)

GOPP is a set of simple yet effective planning tools and procedutre designed to come up with
the needed set of planning documents that are useful in preparing the plans of a proposed project.
As planning framework, it goes down to the minor details of a plan which are often overlooked or
given less emphasis in other more conventional planning techniques.

Project plans produced using the GOPP are consistent with one another because of the
interactive nature of the planning process, that is, the later plans are built – on plans produced
earlier.

The four planning documents in GOPP are Problem Analysis, Objective Analysis, Alternative
 Analysis and Participation Analysis...
PHASES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

PHASE ONE: COMMUNITY SELECTION

a. Pre – Entry Stage

After your specific community has been identified, organizers are then expected to conduct a
social investigation (S.I.) on the said area, conduct initial interviews with the community persons
and to go around performing a site ocular inspection. These activities shall be of great help to
the organizers in acquiring pertinent information on the background of the community they are
to organized.
b. Entry Stage
The community has the right to know of the organizers entry in their area. Because of such, a
courtesy call in the barangay officials and respected leaders from the said community is
necessary. An orientation on the assisting organizers background and purpose must also be
clearly relayed.
PHASE TWO: INTEGRATION
When you perform the tasks of an organizer, you do not go to the community and just make
yourself “felt” by merely “showing up”. No matter how frequent you go the area but fall to exert any
effort to integrate with the community members, your visit will just go to waste.
Integrating with the locals is also one of the best strategies one organizer can practice in prder
to catch – up with the current situation of the community. Joining a small “umpukan” of of housewives,
or some of the local youths at their “tambayan” , can one way or another help you gather pertinent
information (identification of problems and current issues) on the community.
Be observant. Attentively watch the community’s “pamumuhay” or way of living. What do the
youths normally do? How much do the community members spend their spare time? What is their
common source of income? What type of houses do they have? These are just some of the things you
can initially observe during your visit. TRUST BUILDING is important at this stage. PHASE THREE:
ANALYSIS
The community organizers during this stage assist the community in identifying, analysing, and
prioritizing current community needs and issues. A compromise between the felt and objective needs
must be met. Let the locals decide on to which program they think is appropriate for them.

The SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a technique to analyse the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
of a decision, problem, place, etc. In community development and urban planning, SWOT is often used
at community meetings to structure conversations about quality of life in a neighbourhood or a
controversial project. Carrying out this analysis often illuminates what needs to be done and put
problems into perspective.
A SWOT analysis can offer helpful perspective at any stage of an effort. It can be used to:
● Explore possibilities for new efforts or solutions to problems
● Make decisions about the best path for initiatives. Identifying the opportunities for success in context of
threats.
● Determine where change is possible. If at a juncture or turning point, an inventory of the
strengths and weaknesses can reveal priorities as well as possibilities.
● Adjust refine plans mid – course. A new opportunity might open wider avenues, while a new
threat could close a path that once existed.

STRENGTH – attributes of the community that are helpful to achieving their development like
 human/material resources

WEAKNESSES – attributes of the community that are harmful in achieving their development
like lack of trained manpower

OPPORTUNITIES – external conditions that are helpful to achieving their development like the
support from LGUs, NGOs, GOs
What are the good opportunities facing community?
What opportunities were not taken advantage of?

THREATS – external conditions which could do damage to the community’s performance like the
outside organization’s implementation problem.
What should the community be mindful of?
What external factors threaten community?
What has to be overcome to increase opportunities?
Community Profile
The community profile is a summary of history and present conditions of a community. It
provides detailed demographic, economic and cultural information of the community. It gives an
overview or series of snap shots of the area and it is used as a basis for identifying its potentials.

The Community Profile includes:

1. Narrative text that describes community characteristics, such as population demographics,
economics and social history of the communities, the importance of various facilities. 2. Tables
of graphics that summarizes important data or conclusions, such as population demographics
or employment trends
3. A visual map or maps that depict physical characteristics, such as neighbourhood
boundaries, land uses, public facilities and commercial centers.

Community Characteristics
The following are examples of the types of data to collect and incorporate into a community
profile
1. Population and Demographic Characteristics
● Trends in population growth and demographics
● Ethnicity and race
● Age and gender distributions
● Income levels
● Educational Attainment
● Employment status
● Special population subgroups, such as disable persons
●Indian tribal governments

2. Socio – Economic History Characteristic

● Community historical background and context
● Populations of Indigenous groups
●Community values and issues
● Economic base/livelihood
● Other economic characteristics
 3. Physical Characteristics
● Community centers/activity centers
● Infrastructure (roads, transit, water and sewage system)
● Public services and facilities(schools, police, fire, libraries and hospitals)
● Land use plans and zoning
● Special areas, historic districts and parklands
● Businesses
● Housing
● Planned and approved future development
●Community focal points or informal meeting place (places of worship, playgrounds and hair salons)
4. Health Status
● Common and endemic diseases
● Disease causes and management
● Maternal and child care practices
● sources of water, waste and disposal
●dietary patterns

5. Access to Service
● Groups and agencies that are providing service and the type and frequency of the service they
provide

6. Community Organizations
● Organizations in the barangay, their projects, activities, and organizational set – up

Problem Analysis
Problem is taken as anything or a state that is undesirable, such as inadequacies, deficiencies and
constraints. A Problem Tree is a structural presentation of all identified and real problems that includes other
relevant information about a particular problem context.

Steps on Constructing Problem Tree

1. Write on cards all likely possible candidates as Core Problems (existing problems only).
2. Choose one and only Core Problem
3. Establish the major causes of the Core Problem and line – up the cards immediately below the Core
Problem
4. Develop the major effects of the Core Problem
5. Review the diagram (Problem Tree) and check if it is complete and logically structured (both upward
and downward)
PHASE FOUR: COURSE OF ACTION
After the problem and issues of the community have been identified, a systematic course of action may now
be determined. The organizer, during this stage, plays the role of a facilitator to which he ensures that the
community is able to communicate and express their concerns, and is able to encourage them to give their own
suggestions on how they could possibly resolved their problem. Finally, organizers must also ensure of the
community’s participation and commitment on the produced plan.
Consider also the available resources (human, man – made, natural) in the community which can be utilized
during the implementation of the project.

PHASE FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION

a. Implementation
The plan that was initially formulated with the community is now put into action. Collective
work from the community members must be encourage by the worker, after all, the project is for
them, therefore, should also be participated by people themselves.
b. Evaluation
In some inevitable cases when problems during the implementation may arise, the
community organizer, again as facilitator, may assist the community in examining what happened,
 what went well, what has been learned and what should happen next.
PHASE SIX: PHASE OUT
After the goals of the community have been met, and its members are empowered, the community
organizer can now pull out from the community. Remember that prior to this, the worker must prepare the
community before phasing out. This is basic courtesy to the people.

ROLES OF A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER:

An organizer, while at the community, plays various role, depending on what the situation calls for.
Below are the four basic roles they portray, at one time or another.
1. Facilitator – facilitates the community process through listening and questioning nd by giving continuous
encouragement and support to the local strivings
2. Animator = stimulates the people to think critically when identifying problems and finding new solutions 3.
Enabler – Consistently directed at freeing the community (through key persons like leaders) to realize their
strength and potentials in cooperative work.

CATALYST – Hastens the process of transformation/change

IDEAL PERSONAL QUALITIES OF A COMMUNTIY ORGANIZER

● INTEGRITY ● CREATIVITY ● COURAGE ● FLEXIBILITY ● OBJECTIVITY ● SELF -
DISCIPLINE ● TACT ● SENSITIVITY ● HONESTY ● ADAPTABILITY ● IMAGINATION ● SENSE
OF HUMOR

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Each and every one of us at some point plans and implements a project. Whether you are a student finishing
homework, an engineer designing a plan, an event coordinator organizing for a friend’s wedding or a director
shooting a movie – whatever field or profession you might choose, it can be safely said that it is imperative
for us to be familiar with the steps involved in planning and preparing for a project. Not only this knowledge
will be able to make our task easier but shall also give direction in achieving our project’s success.

Project as defined by the Webster Dictionary are planned undertakings. This project usually posses various
elements which can be categorized namely as:

1. Project Objectives
This element tries to answer what your project aims to do and what the project is for
2. Project Boundaries
This element specifies the scope and limitation of your project.
3. Project Location
Specifies where the project will be implemented.
4. Project Target Beneficiaries
For which group is the project and who would benefit from its implementation is address by this
element, 5. Project Duration
Planners must decide upon a particular schedule when the project will be executed and up to when it shall
be implemented
6. Project Methodologist
What techniques or procedures shall be used by the group to deliver the project is clarified in this element.
7. Project Cost
This element will be based on the expected expenses your class incur in the event that the project
is implemented.

PHASES OF PROJECTS

PHASE ONE: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

During this phase in the project development cycle, the planners undergo the process of searching
for potential projects directed to achieve their goals.
 PHASE TWO: PROJECT PREPARATION:
Once a particular project has been agreed upon, the next step would be to involved the planners to
determine how and when the project be implemented.
PHASE THREE: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Finally, the plans are executed during this stage. The project is carried out by the assigned persons
for the target beneficiaries during the set schedule.
PHASE FOUR: PROJECT EVALUATION.
Sometimes after the project has been implemented, an evaluation is usually conducted to
determine whether the project objectives has been realized, and if so what extent.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION
Human blood for transfusion is the only form of treat that cannot be manufactured. It is only possible if blood from
kindhearted people is available. Blood donors are considered as heroes who care enough to share their blood and
spend their time in order to save another person’s life.
Basic Requirements of a potential blood donor:
Weight at least 110 lbs. (50 kgs.)
Pulse rate: Between 60 and 100 beats/min. with regular rhythm
Blood pressure: Between 90 and 130 systolic and 60 and 100 diastolic
STEPS ON HOW TO DONATE BLOOD
A. Before blood donation
• You will be asked tofill up Donor’s forms upon arrival at the blood collection site
• Questions regarding your health history will bw asked by a trained professional staff
• Pre – donation education and counselling will be given by a trained professional staff •
Your weight, blood pressure, pulse rate and temperature will be checked
• You will be examined by a physician
• This will take another 10 – 15 minutes
B. During Blood Donation
• You will be asked to lie down on blood donor couch for blood collection which will be done by a skilled
phlebotomist
• The amount of blood which will be taken will be determined by a physician. It will depend meanly on
your body weight and does not exceed 450 ml
C. After Blood Donation
• You will be advised to rest for 10 more min.
• Beverage and simple snacks will be served.
• Post-donation education and counseling will be given by a trained professional staff. •
You will be advised to take more fluids
• The volume of fluid taken is completely replaced by the body within 3 to 5 hours.
Temporary conditions why a person cannot donate blood:
• Pregnancy • Recent alcoholic intake
• Acute fever • Ear or body piercing and tattooing • Recent surgery

Persons with the following conditions are not allowed to donate blood permanently:
• Cancer
• Cardiac disease severe lung disease
• Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
• HIV infection, AID or Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
• High risk occupation (e.g. prostitution)
 • Unexplained weight loss of more than 5kg. over six months
• Chronic alcoholism
• Other conditions or disease stated in the Guide to Medical Assessment of Blood Donors
WHO RECEIVES BLOOD?
From a single blood donation there are 3 main components that can be derived. Each component will be
used for specific patient need.
The people who can benefit from your donated blood are:
• Patients suffering from severe blood loss
• Leukemia patients
• Hemophilia patients
• Mothers giving birth with complications
• Major trauma patients.
HOW OFTEN CAN A PERSON DONATE BLOOD?
The minimum interval between 2 donations is 12 weeks ( months). This interval allows our body to rrstore its
iron stock.
WHERE CAN I DONATE?
Share your blood at the following:
A. Blood Service Facilities (BSF)
• Philippine Blood Center
• DOH Hospitals (BSF)
• PNRC (BSF)
• LGUs/NGOs (BSF)
B. During various mobile blood donation activities in:
• Community
• Participating government organizations
• Private kabalikat agencies
• Schools/Universities