DOWN

1 forms the backbone of all organic compounds

2 dissociate into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) and one or more cations (positive ions) and are proton acceptors
3 Unit of matter of all chemical elements
4 the science of the structure and interactions of matter
5 This is a substance that when dissolved in water, dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH-
6 the most common chemical bonds seen in the body
7a noble gas with triple covalent bond; an important elemental component of proteins
8 The starting substances of a chemical reaction
9 uncharged subatomic particles
10 substances that inactivate oxygen-derived free radicals
11 an electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell; may damage tissues
and cause cancer
12 Catalysts in living cells
13 The kind of energy transfer in which the bond being broken has more energy than the one formed so that extra energy
is released. This usually happens in catabolic reactions
14 In this chemical reaction, a molecule is broken into smaller parts.
15 This type of chemical reaction involves the replacement of one atom or atoms by another atom or atoms.
16 Substances which contain non polar covalent bonds, thus repel water
17 In the oxidation-reduction reaction, this refers to the gain of electrons
18 Substances which contain polar covalent bonds and dissolve in water
19 A kind of steroid that serves as an important component of cell membranes and as starting material for synthesizing
other steroids.
20 Basic/Alkaline substances dissociate into this anion and another cation
21 The distinctive characteristic of phospholipids where they have both polar and nonpolar regions making them an
important component of the plasma membrane
22 The type of mixture where the solutes settle in the bottom of its container after some time
23 The phase of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen
24 An atom that has a positive or negative charge

ACROSS
1 The kind of bond that forms when ions having opposite charges attract each other
2 Different atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
3 The phase of cellular respiration that generates heat and gives rise to 30-32 molecules of ATP
4 Tiny, negatively charged subatomic particle
5 The chemical principle that states atoms with incompletely filled outer shells tend to combine with each other in
chemical reactions to produce a chemically stable arrangement of eight valence electrons for each atom
6 Positively charged ions that have given up one or more electrons (they are called electron donors)
7 The capacity to do work.
8 The main blood sugar
9 The most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems
10 Anything that occupies space and has mass
11 Forms the genetic code inside each cell and thereby regulates most of the activities that take place in our cells
throughout a lifetime
12 More of these cations are formed when an acidic solution dissociates
13 Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to
occur
14 The standard unit for measuring the mass of atoms and their subatomic particles
15 The sugar in RNA
16 This is a type of mixture wherein the solutes are large enough to scatter light
17 An anion that is a part of bones and teeth and is also a component of the ATP
18 This is a chemical reaction that involves breaking large molecules down into simpler ones by adding a molecule of
water.
19 An organic compound that gives structure to the body, regulate processes, provide protection, help muscles to
contract, transport substances, and serve as enzymes
20 A fibrous protein that forms structure of hair and nails and waterproofs the skin
21 Any solution below pH 7.0
22 The principal polysaccharide in the human body
23 Ions that are negatively charged
24 Number of strands seen in RNA