Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.

DECLARATION OF THE STUDENT

I declare that this final internship report is my working tasks within the company and original not
copied from other.

Name of intern Signature Date

1. Marshet Mangistu Adaga ----------------------- -----------------

Approval of the Advisor

I approved the student that the final internship report is done by him and not copied from
any one.

Name of mentors Signature DateMr.

Muktar _______________ ____________

Name of Examiner 1 Signature Date

______________ _______________ ____________

Name of Examiner 2 Signature Date

__________________ _______________ ____________

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all I would like to thanks the almighty GOD for his blessings in every of my activities.
And, then I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dilla University School of Engineering
and technology for giving such an opportunity to enhance my practical knowledge through this
Internship program. I am grateful to Mr. Nabso A/Garo (Head Agaro town water, mines &
energy department) Sada Jamal (Drinking water study &design head process) and me also great
full to Mr.Beyisa Damtew as my organizational supervisors (Team Coordinator) for their whole
hearted support during my governmental department Internship program period. I should have
very difficult to prepare this report without their guidance. I need to express great thanks to
Agaro town water, mines & energy department and for all workers of this organization. They
gave me good advice & suggestion.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is prepared on the basis of our four month practical experience at Agaro town water
Mine &Energy Department. In our internship report, we widely try to include the starting from
the mission (aim) of my governmental department description with its full address of contacts.
Upon the request from the community & local administration the Agaro town water mine &
energy department has a plan to implement a water supply project program to thirteen woredas
of Agaro town Ethiopia 2011E.C among those projects Agaro town water supply project The
socio economic situation analysis, problems & solutions analysis have been studied. There for
this paper is report on technical study and design of the water supply system scheme. The study
design work includes topography survey, hydraulic design, material estimation & specification.
Generally, in this report we present about the small scale water supply system, the back ground
of the Agaro town work flow of the department, the material that all needed for the completion
of the project with brief & recommendation.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Agaro town Tariff of water ............................................................................................... 4
Table 2: Classification of climatic zone.......................................................................................... 4
Table 3: Demand analysis ............................................................................................................... 6

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Agaro Town ........................................................................................................ 2
Figure 2: Bore hole at Tj (1) ......................................................................................................... 10
Figure 3: Concrete Reservoir of Betemengist ............................................................................... 13
Figure 4: Organizational work flow of the company .................................................................... 14
Figure 5: Type of fitting ................................................................................................................ 19

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

LIST OF ABRIVATIONS
JZATWMED: Jima Zone Agaro Town Water Mines & Energy Department

GPS: Global Positioning System

UTM: Unit Meter

WHO: World Health Organization

ONNPRS: Oromia Nation Nationality People Regional State

HDPE: High Density polyethylene

D.C.I: Ductile Cast Iron

GS: Galvanized Steel

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Table of Contents
DECLARATION OF THE STUDENT ......................................................................................................... I

ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................................... II

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... III

List of tables................................................................................................................................................. IV

LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... V

LIST OF ABRIVATIONS ........................................................................................................................... VI

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF INTERNSHIP ................................................................................................ 1

1.1. General History of the Company ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Vision, Mission & value ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 Vision ........................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.2 Mission......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.3. Value ........................................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Main product or services ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 End user of the product ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Climate ................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.6 Population and water demand ............................................................................................................. 5

1.6.1 Population .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.6.2. Projected Water Demand ............................................................................................................ 5

1.7 HYDRAULIC DESIGN ..................................................................................................................... 7

1.7.1 Design period ............................................................................................................................... 7

1.8 Domestic Water Demand .................................................................................................................... 8

1.8.1. Modes of Services ....................................................................................................................... 8

1.9 Non-Domestic Water Demand ............................................................................................................ 9

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

1.10 Existing water supply system of the town ........................................................................................ 9

1.10.1. Water Supply System ................................................................................................................ 9

1.10.2. Water Source ........................................................................................................................... 10

Construction of Bore Holes .................................................................................................................... 10

Supply of Pipes and Fittings ................................................................................................................... 11

Booster Pump Station ............................................................................................................................. 12

1.10.3. Water Quality .......................................................................................................................... 12

1.10.4. Raw Water Pumps and Controls ............................................................................................. 12

1.10.5. Transmission System .............................................................................................................. 12

1.10.6. Service Reservoirs................................................................................................................... 12

1.10.7. Water Treatment ..................................................................................................................... 13

1.10.8. Distribution System................................................................................................................. 13

1.11 Objective of the project ................................................................................................................... 13

1.11.1 Statement of the Problem Justification .................................................................................... 13

1.12 Organizational work flow of Agaro town water supply and energy office ....... Error! Bookmark not
defined.

CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 15

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ............................................................................................ 15

2.1. The way I get in to the company ...................................................................................................... 15

2.2. The section of the company that I have been working in ................................................................ 15

2.3. Work flow of the section.................................................................................................................. 15

2.4. Work tasks I had been executing ..................................................................................................... 15

2.4.1. Office works.............................................................................................................................. 16

2.4.2. Supervision work ...................................................................................................................... 16

2.4.3. Site work ................................................................................................................................... 16

2.5 Procedures while performing work tasks .......................................................................................... 16

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

2. 6 Good performing work tasks............................................................................................................ 17

2.7 The challenges that I had been faced ................................................................................................ 17

2.8 Measurement that I had been taken to overcome those challenges................................................... 17

2.9 Material and methodology used ........................................................................................................ 17

2.9.1 Material Usage ......................................................................................................................... 17

2.9.2. Methodology used ..................................................................................................................... 18

2.10 Pipe material selection .................................................................................................................... 18

2.10.1 Choice of pipe material is dependent on .................................................................................. 18

2.11 Valves ............................................................................................................................................. 18

2.11.1 Stop valves (gate valves).......................................................................................................... 18

2.12 Fittings ............................................................................................................................................ 19

2.13 Power supply & pumps ................................................................................................................... 20

2.13.1 Pumping Equipment’s .............................................................................................................. 20

2.13.2 Power supply ............................................................................................................................ 20

2.13.3 Capacity design ........................................................................................................................ 20

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 22

3. OVERALL BENEFIT OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM ......................................................................... 22

3.1. Overall benefits I gained from the internship program .................................................................... 22

3.1.1. In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge ..................................................................... 22

3.1.2 In terms of improving inter-personal communication skills ...................................................... 22

3.1.3. In terms of improving my practical skills ................................................................................. 23

3.1.4. In terms of Improving Understanding Work Ethic ................................................................... 23

3.1.5. In Terms Of Improving My Team Playing Skills ..................................................................... 24

3.1.6 In terms of Improving Leadership Skill ..................................................................................... 24

3.1.7. In Terms Of Entrepreneurship Skills ........................................................................................ 25

CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................... 26

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................... 26

4.1. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................ 26

4.2 Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 26

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 28

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................ 29

GLOSSARY.................................................................................................................................................... 30

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF INTERNSHIP
Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences
gained by experience practice and applied the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature.
In another way, human life is not far from different types of problems. These problems must be
solved by scientific way; engineering is among the solution of these problems. Engineering is
central to understand the challenges and the solution facing in the world. For the development of
one country different sectors such as building construction, transportation and communication…
etc. are very essential. But all the above sectors could not achieve their goals without education.

The main purpose of qualified internship system is to come up with Gained practical as well as
organization working systems and process in the industry, Aware graduated about world of work
and transferred theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge.

For Four months I have been worked with Jimma Zone Agaro Town Water Supply And Energy
Development Office on the town water supply project deguwaga tj(2)and tj (1)site. This has been
a great experience for me practical knowledge and I have been participating there both in site and
office works. I have learned all the organization flow and each responsibility. And also I was
implemented all the theoretical knowledge that I have with the practical work.

This report consists most of the construction processes at Agaro town water supply as trainee
Hydraulic and water resource engineering for four months on the site and office. And also
Background of the hosting company, the challenges I have faced, As well as how I get to the
company, benefit I have gained from internship, conclusion and recommendation on my
internship practice

1.1. General History of the Company

Agaro town water supply and energy development office established with the aim of fulfill the
availability of sufficient quantity of good quality water it is must in a modern society, to plan and
build suitable water supply schemes, which will provide portable water to the community
according to their demand and requirement. To design and constructed the water supply project

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

schemes and increase good quality water products through water supply in dry and wet seasons.
To promote easy & manageable water supply operation system and the availability of sufficient
utilization of water resources for the demand/community. As well as the office to be decided to
study and design alternate water supply system, simple water supply and energy related work.

Figure 1: Map of Agaro Town

Agaro Town water supply & energy department is established under Oromia Regional State to
work as a governmental department in 1996 with proclamation number 78/1996. At present there
are 48 employees operating the system in total of which 9 are working in administration; 21 in
finance; and 18 temporary employees in technical sections.

The department is believed to assist the significant effort being made by the zones
Administrations in all aspects of water resources development. Being a young the enterprise is
currently fulfilling and engaged in the study design, construction &supervision of water, mine
&energy projects. Agaro town is one of the town of Jimma zone in Oromia regional state & it is
situated in the south west part of the region. Administratively it is divided in to 22 woreda & 2
town of administrations. The Agaro town located at about 45km South-West of Zone town
(Jimma) and 390km south-west of Addis-Ababa. The zone falls b/n longitude 7.8500 N&
36.5830east & latitude 70 51’ North and 360 35’east & covering an area of about 5,893.4 square
kilometers. The road from Addis Ababa to Agaro is standard asphalted from zonal town to all
woreda centers there is no serious accessibility problem but most of the roads from woreda
centers to kebele centers are seasonal which are difficult during rainy time.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

1.2 Vision, Mission & value

1.2.1 Vision
The Agaro town water supply and energy office aspires to fulfill availability sufficient quantity
of good quality water, constructing simple water supply within Agaro town for the aim of
reducing water problem as well as a good health condition and the town water resources properly
controlled and managed.

1.2.2 Mission
The Agaro town water supply and energy development office mission is to implement policies,
laws and regulations that are related to water resource management, provision of potable and
sustainable water supply and sanitation, in order to enhance socio-economic development of the
town.

1.2.3. Value
 Innovation and Creativity
 Loyalty
 quality and Accountability
 Quality first

1.3 Main product or services

The main activities of the organization are as its name indicated it construct different water
structures, like dam, spill way, Diversion tunnel, Intake tower, main regulatory, main canal, the
distribution system and the water supply network etc. with construction material.

1.4 End user of the product

As we can understand from the services its main work is providing benefits for the development
water supply using this water the peoples produce different types of the living and the farmers
provide this crops to the people. So the end user of the product or service is the all living and the
people living around the project.

The end user of the project is; -

 Private company
 Commercial

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

 Governmental company
 Public Fountains and etc.

Table 1: Agaro town Tariff of water

No Consumption in m3 Tariff
1 0-2 5.00
2 3-5 5.50
3 6-8 6.50
4 9-11 7.50
5 Greater than 12 9.00

Generally, until June 30 2011 E.C the end user or the customer of the product are six thousand
eighty hundred twenty-nine (6,829) customer.

1.5 Climate
Climate plays a great role in influencing meteorological parameters such as rain fall,
temperature, relative humidity, evapotranspiration& wind speed. Which are very important for
water resources evaluation the rain fall levels on average of 1300mm/year & frequently reaching
values as high as 1800-2000mm/year around the mountainous area.

Based on altitude (elevation) and temperature Ethiopia mapping agency classified five climatic
zones. These classifications are shown in the following table.

Table 2: Classification of climatic zone

№ Altitude (m.asl ) Temperature ( ℅ ) Climate zone

1 Below 500 30-40 Desert

2 500 to 1500 About 50 Tropical

3 1500 to 2300 15-20 Subtropical (weinadega )

4 2300 to 3300 10-15 Temperate (Dega)

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

5 3300 & above 10 or less Alpine (kur)

Based on altitude (elevation) and temperature Ethiopia mapping agency

Based on the altitude the study zone Jimma has (three) climatic zones such Tropical (Kolla) part
of Sub tropical (weina Dega) the most plateau areas of the zone and Temperate (Dega).

1.6 Population and water demand

1.6.1 Population
Based on the information obtained from the National population Housing census statistical
Abstract data of 2007 the Agaro town total population is 25,458 (M = 12,946& F=12,512).

1.6.2. Projected Water Demand

Design of water systems require estimates of expected water demands applicable to size the
pumping equipment, transmission and distribution pipe lines and storage facilities. Estimating
water demands for a particular town depends on the size of the population to be served, their
standard of living and activities, the cost of water supplied, the availability of wastewater service
and the purpose of demand. It varies according to the requirement of the domestic population,
institutional, industrial and social establishments, etc. In addition to these, demand allowances
need to be included for leakage, wastage, and operational requirements such as flushing of mains.

Accordingly, the water demand of town is calculated with due consideration of actual conditions
of the town and pertinent to available data. Where gaps are observed in acquiring of data,
estimates are made from general experiences of the country utilized for similar towns. According
to WHO, for areas with no area corded for capital consumption data 15-20 l/c.d adopted. Based
on this future various demands are noted below.

ADD = PCC x P

MD = MDF x ADD

PHD = PF x ADD

PHD @ WP=PHD/No WP

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Where: - ADD =Average Day Demand

PCC =Per Capital Consumption

P = Population

MDD=Maximum Day Demand

MDF= Maximum Day Factor (1.2)

PHD =Peak Hour Demand

PF = Peak Factor (1.3)

Table 3: Demand analysis

No Parameter Unit year

2010 2011 2020 2025
1 Population No 6569 7864 9,169 10,469
2 Per capital l/c/day 25 25 25 25
demand
3 Domestic demand l/day 164,225 196,725 229,225 261,725
4 Water lose (10% l/day 16,422.5 19,672.5 22,922.5 26,172.5
of DD)
5 Average daily l/day 180,647.5 216,397.5 252,147.5 287,897.5
demand
6 M3 180.64 216.39 252.14 287.89
7 Max day demand m/day 225.8 270.48 315.175 359.86
8 Reservoir M3 74.514 89.26 104.00 118.75
capacity
9 Peak hour demand M3/day 338.7 405.72 472.76 539.79
When the l/s 9.4 11.27 13.13 14.99
community use
for 10Hr

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

NB: - From the demand analysis table the volume of the reservoir required to balance the
demand shortage at the end of the design period should be 32.24=50m3.Based upon the
calculation of Maximum Daily Supply Rate the Discharge rate is 1.14 l/s. But in case of rural
areas, by Assuming continuous pump operation to be 12 hours at maximum. Therefore the
suitable discharge rate of this project is 2.28 let/sec

1.7 HYDRAULIC DESIGN

1.7.1 Design period
Design period is the length of time a component of water work, system has to serve without
being over loaded or being out of service. The economic design period of a structure depend on
its life, first cost, ease of expansion, anticipated population growth rate and likelihood of
obsolescence. Taking all these facts in to consideration 15yrs of design periods adopted

From the kebeles council information, it is known that the present population of the villages is
6,569. For the anticipated of future population geometric progression equation with 3% of
growth rate is considered.

Geometric increase method

This method is based on the assumption that the percent increase in population from decade to
decade remains constant. In this method the average percentage of growth of last few decades is
determined; the population forecasting is done on the basis that percentage increase per decade
will be the same. The method is expressed as follow

Geometric Progression Formula

Pn = Po (1+r) n

Where: - Pn = Population at the end of nth years

Po= Present population

r = growth rate (3%)

n = design period

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Economic Diameter of Pressure Main

Economical diameter of pumping main can be designed by adopting the formula given by Lea,
i.e.

D= 0.97 √Q to 1.22 √Q

Where:-

D = Economical diameter of pumping main

Q = assumed discharge from the BH

a = Lea’s Constant (0.97-1.22)

D=0.97 √0.004 to 1.22 √0.004

= 0.0613m to 0.0772m

61.3mm to 77.2mm

Take 63mm, 2.5”

1.8 Domestic Water Demand

Domestic water demand is the amount of water needed for drinking, food preparation, washing,
cleaning, bathing and other miscellaneous domestic purposes. The amount of water used for
domestic purposes greatly depends on the lifestyle, living standard, and climate, mode of service
and affordability of the users.

1.8.1. Modes of Services

Based on the available data from the project town water supply service during the field data
collection in August 2008, five major modes of services were identified for domestic water
consumers in Agaro town. Adjusting these to match those of the design criteria sued the five modes
are:

 House tap connections (HC)

 Yard tap connections (YCO)
 Neighbour tap Connections (YCS)
 Public fountains (PT)

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

 Other Sources
1.9 Non-Domestic Water Demand
Non-domestic water demand was also determined systematically. It can be broadly classified into
the following major categories:

 Institutional water demand

 Educational

 Healthy center

 Public and Gov’t office

 Religious and

 Other public services

 Commercial water demands

 Industrial water demand.

 Agricultural water demand

1.10 Existing water supply system of the town

The respectively organ for managing the water supply system for both mineral & urban areas of
the zone is water, mines & energy department, which is accountable to zonal administration
office & regional water resources Bureau. The main responsibility of the department is to study,
design, supervise and maintain medium scale water supply system and as a general to manage
zonal water, mines & energy resources.

The water supply schemes in the zone are deep wells with distribution systems spring on spot &
with distribution system, deep wells drilled up to 90m fitted with hand pumps traditional &
modern hand dug wells & some roof catchments. In 2002 E.C the water supply coverage of
Agaro Town.

1.10.1. Water Supply System

Well water is a hydraulic structure usually vertical, excavated into the earth for bring
groundwater to the surface. It is a hole or shaft excavated in the earth to withdraw water from

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

groundwater body. It, when properly designed and constructed, permits the economic withdrawal
of water from a water- bearing formation. When the yield potential of an area is not a limiting
factor, a properly designed well can supply water in a quantity to irrigate the entire area under
consideration or sufficient for community water supply or industrial unit.

1.10.2. Water Source

The water source/s will be selected to meet the expected total demand (including unaccounted for
water) for the relevant design period.

The location of the raw water source as well as size and depth requirements will be determined in
accordance with hydrological investigations.

The quality of the borehole raw water will also be tested for turbidity; chemical content and
bacteriological contamination to ensure its suitability and to determine if any treatment is required.

Actual pumped discharge rates will be determined in accordance with required demand and
sustainable pumping yields.

Figure 2: Bore hole at Tj (1)

Construction of Bore Holes

Appropriate timing for boreholes construction and testing is crucial for both civil engineering
and ME contracts so that these could proceed without delays caused by the boreholes’ late

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

construction or late availability of data produced in their testing. Construction of boreholes is an

independent work, to be carried out by the contractor that has the necessary expertise and tools to
carry it out. Construction of consecutive boreholes in a scheme should be timed in series, to take
advantage of gained previous experience and findings in the drilling of next boreholes. However,
subject to the contractor’s capability, construction of boreholes at various well fields may be
carried out in parallel or in series. In order to decide the actual pumps to be supplied in
accordance to the actual field result the drilling work will have to be completed as early as
possible. The total number of boreholes to be drilled at Stage I are 3 boreholes. Assuming 15
days for completion of one borehole including test pumping a total of 45 days are required which
is about 3/2 months. The drilling works assumed to be completed within the first three months
period including mobilization of the contractor to the drilling sites. Thus, the contractor needs to
supply more than one drilling rig to complete the drilling activity which will be the basis for
resizing of electro-mechanical equipment.

Supply of Pipes and Fittings

The supply involves the import into Ethiopia of goods required for the works, mainly comprising
the following:

 Pipes of various diameters, of DCI, HDPE, uPVC and GS.

 Fittings for various kinds and diameter of pipes, such as couplings, bends, tees,
reducers, etc.

 Accessories, such as valves, air vents, water meters, tools, etc.

Since the goods are intended to be incorporated in a distinct water supply system, cross reference
and matching of manufacturing, class categorisation, tolerances, and similar standards are of
paramount importance.

The point of delivery of the goods should be the town, with the contractor being responsible for
transportation and inland haulage. The contractor should submit the goods stacked in store,

where these are to be separated by kind and intended use, e.g. for pipelines by material, for
reservoir pipe work, etc.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Booster Pump Station

Mechanical and electrical works in the Stage I pump station will have to be upgraded to cope with
the additional flow requirements

For the second stage demand booster pumps in a 3+1 configuration will be installed at the collector
reservoir site. The extra plinth constructed in the first stage will be employed to accommodate the
fourth second stage pump. All the first stage pumps will be replaced by new pumps, as the
discharge requirement from each pump for the second stage is higher than that required for the
first stage. The common suction and discharge piping will continue to be used as these are seized
for second stage demand.

Stage I required a pump set that could deliver 30m3/h at a head of 205m. The booster pump
requirement for stage II is 48m3/hr at 212m.

1.10.3. Water Quality

Physio-chemical analyses were carried out on sample taken from the well at the end of the
constant discharge testing. The water is generally in acceptable range of WHO standard. Most of
the chemical of the water collected from borehole are identical and nearly equal in WHO
concentration.

1.10.4. Raw Water Pumps and Controls

The functioning boreholes are equipped with submersible pumps. The pumps are driven by
EEPCO power from country’s grid system. There are standby diesel generators sitting inside
generator houses at some of the borehole sites. There is a control room and booster pumps at
Betemengist reservoir site.

1.10.5. Transmission System

The transmission line from Daguaga, Tj(1), and Tj(2) to the existing service reservoir at
Betemengist is constructed from galvanized iron (GI) and Ductile Cast Iron (D.C.I.) pipes and
comprised of between 2“ and 10” diameter mains but their actual length are not known. From this
site the booster pump station deliver water to Silase reservoir site.

1.10.6. Service Reservoirs

There are three reservoirs in Agaro water supply system, the first one is ground level 25m 3
reinforced concrete and Betemengist its ground level 1000m3 concrete reservoir, and the other is

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

silase 500m3 concrete reservoir tank. The 25m3 reinforced concrete reservoir located at kidela was
constructed in 1988. The 1000m3 concrete reservoir at Betemengist was constructed in 1997 by a
private Contractor but is not functional. The 500m3 concrete reservoir tank was constructed in
1996 by the water supply office. Most of them are in good condition but their locations are not
appropriate for the recent town master plan coverage area.

Figure 3: Concrete Reservoir of Betemengist

1.10.7. Water Treatment
There is a water treatment facility in the system. Two 1000 litre capacity tanks with chlorine
dosing and mixing electric motors are installed in a chlorine house situated in the room of the
booster pump station. The tanks are connected with the line coming out of the booster station but
are not properly operational.

1.10.8. Distribution System

The distribution network in the town is constructed from GS, PVC and D.C.I. pipes comprised of
between 2 inch and 6 inch diameter mains with a total length of about 12,500 meters.

1.11 Objective of the project

The main objective is the effective implementation of the Propose water supply scheme thereby:-

 Providing sustainable safe, adequate and affordable water supply service for the target
groups at a reasonable distance
1.11.1 Statement of the Problem Justification
As it has been interviewed most of the community members, The lack of domestic water
supply at vicinity is the major prevalent and chronic problems facing which greatly affect

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 Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

their both social and economic condition other than If is basic necessity. The fact that there is no any
water supply system at the area, the villagers are obliged to fetch an safe water from Agaro town
walking more than 2km round trip distance. This for domestic and livestock consumption.
Usually, during peak dry season they have no chance to get this source, since the upstream
communities are used to divert the stream as a whole to consume their purpose.

Hence, more generally the absence of adequate potable and affordable water supply in the area
has the following listed adverse impact on living situation of the villagers. These are:-

 Wasting more time for catering water

 Put considerable physical stress and work over burden on women's and the younger
 Health problem often expose for unnecessary routine medicine expense
 Students drop out from the school
 Exposed to use unsafe water
 Lose their livestock, and less productivity
 Affect the farming activity since the livestock not capable to do and others

Thus, the sum of these and others highly influence the development and wellbeing of the
community.
1.12 Organizational work flow of Agaro town water supply and energy office
General Manager

Administration & Finance

Secretary
Project manager
Sales department

coordinator Foreman driver

Data collector
Quality control

carpenter Mason Concrete crew

Figure 4: Organizational work flow of the company

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

CHAPTER TWO

OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1. The way I get in to the company
In the Dilla university College of Engineering and Technology department of hydraulic and
water resource engineering gives me the chance were to get internship program on fourth year
second semester.

So, the department gives me request paper to ask for acceptance of hosting company then taking
my request paper from department and Semite to Agaro town water supply, mineral and energy
office to work as an internship for four-month then they accept me.

2.2. The section of the company that I have been working in

On this internship program I have gotten a chance to join in the Agaro town water supply,
mineral and energy bureau, in order to develop my practical knowledge in different ways. I had
worked in water supply development study design and section of the company.

Generally, the following are some of the factors that necessitate water supply;-

 Maintenance part of the pipe

 Distribution of water
 Technical maintenance
 Installation of Pipe line
 Ticket sale
 Finance office & etc.

2.3. Work flow of the section

The work flows in the section are Manager, engineers (site engineers and office) general Forman,
specific Forman and labors.

2.4. Work tasks I had been executing

As I were working in the construction hydraulic structure mainly in water supply project, I had
been to know everything done on the sites and offices. I tried to practice on different work tasks
like site engineer works, office engineer works and supervisor works. In addition, I try to know

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

other worker’s duties related with the above engineers like quantity surveyor, data collector,
timekeeper and Forman.

2.4.1. Office works

Taking the collected data, sample, information, and assumption as input data sources the hydraulic
structural designed were analysis. I have got knowledge and experience above some of office works like
break down, methodology of work and preparing weekly and monthly report.

2.4.2. Supervision work

By supervising by advisors I mean checking the work, if it is according to the design or not. If it
is not according to design, it must be corrected by any means necessary considering the cost, the
time and the quality of the work.

2.4.3. Site work

Site works are done after some of the office works accomplish up to some level. They have to be
done in accordance with the plans and as mentioned above, specific supervisors check all of their
specifications with the steps of works at every stage.

The field work includes surveying works, visual observation about the geological condition of
the construction and gathering necessary information from the project area and discussion among
the study team members and construction of the earth work s and structures

2.5 Procedures while performing work tasks

On this internship program, I had improved my knowledge in different ways like work ethics,
interpersonal communication, and team playing skills and so on. This knowledge will help me
when I will join in to job in the future work sector.

My company supervisor ordered me to know the overall procedures in my work tasks.

 First he gave to me top map.

 He ordered me to refer the design of pipe line.
 He shows me how to delineate the slope and elevation on top map.
 I have done my work task
 I gave my work tasks to our supervisor, In order to check my work.
 He gave to me the valuable suggestion about my work
 He told to me faller in my tasks and the way how to make in the approved me.

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2. 6 Good performing work tasks

To success in work is partly due to superior use of time and resource. One of the people remain
poor in the country was lack of time management. It’s important to respect work hard, therefore
it was important to come to work on time, but this was not enough, but to do effectively was well
using the least amount of time and resource. This will help to reduce the cost of doing things in
the work space, thus saving money which could be use more productivity.

On the same way when I treat lack a good work habits I will not accomplish my assigned task
well. If the work was not a good work habit will fail our results. Finally, from this internship
program I would get good work performing work task related the above issues.

2.7 The challenges that I had been faced

The challenges during my internship program are:-

 The challenges for getting the required data.

 Transportation problem
 Shortage of data to write the report
 As the site engineer was so busy it was difficult to get appropriate information on time.

2.8 Measurement that I had been taken to overcome those challenges

 In case of transportation problems I had taken my solution by traveling on foot`s and using
taxy to the site place
 For lacking of working material and human labor I discuss with my supervisor and local
community to solve this problem.
 Material transport car
 Selecting my data from design practice.
 Managing the time and setting a time schedule to get the site engineer to get information
 Calling to responsible and concerned body to ask questions about my work when they did
not present in the site.

2.9 Material and methodology used

2.9.1 Material Usage
Pump:- used to lift water from low to higher elevation.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Concrete: - used for the purpose of constructed reservoir, water point, road crossing pipe &
pavement.

Galvanized iron pipe (GI): is used for raising main, overflow inlet, wash out of the reservoir.

GPS: is used to determine elevation and X, Y co-ordinate.

2.9.2. Methodology used

The methodologies employed before the start of investigation are:

 Assess existing water source & their condition on the area.

 Examining existing data and previous work.
 Population forecast.
 Field data analysis, interpretation and organization of relevant information.
 Conduct mutual discussion with local regard of water problem in the area.
 Collection and analysis of relevant data.
 Assess the need of water in the school and health center.

2.10 Pipe material selection

The commonly used pipes for water supply projects are ductile iron (DCI), UPVC, galvanized
steel (GS) & high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes.

2.10.1 Choice of pipe material is dependent on: -

 Chemical nature of water

 Chemical nature of the soil along the pipe line route,
 Comparative cost of alternative pipes,
 Weather condition of the area,
 Geologic formation of the pipe line route,
 Expected pressure of the pipe line.

2.11 Valves

2.11.1 Stop valves (gate valves)

 Stop valves are located to reduce the affected area of water supply by the operation of
few valves Stop valves are installed on BRANCH PIPES at the point of branching of
the distribution Line, & also generally placed on the d/s side of the branch point.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

 Stop valves are installed on both sides of important points on the main pipe line (main
pressure & distribution main).

2.12 Fittings
Depending on the pipe line configuration, Pipe line fittings: bends, tees, Couplings, Branches,
elbows, etc., will be of the same material, diameter and the same or higher pressure class of the
pipe line in which they are installed.

Some common fittings & their uses

Figure 5: Type of fitting

 Coupling: is a type of fitting which is used connect pipe with pipe
 Nipples: is a type of fitting which is used to connect fitting with fitting
 Reducer: is a type of fitting which is used to connect reducer pipe (at reducing flow
point)
 Union: is a type of fitting which is used to connect pipe with pipe for easy maintenance
 Elbow: is a type of fitting which is used to at bending point (900 ,450,22.50)
 Female adapter: is a type of fitting which is used to connect GI pipe with HDPE pipe.
 Plug: is a type of fitting which is used to at stop distribution. Depending on the pipe
line configuration, pipe line fittings: bends, tees, coupling, branches, elbows, etc., will
be the same
 Material, diameter and the same or higher pressure class of the pipe line in which they
are installed.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

2.13 Power supply & pumps

2.13.1 Pumping Equipment’s
Considering the reliability & the availability of the pumps in market with the required head &
discharge, submersible pumps are considered to be used. Power factors of electric driven motors
should be maintained at 0.95 or above by suitable equipment’s & starting arrangements should
ensure a maximum start upload of 3 times the normal load.

In selecting pumps & motors, the following factors should be considered

 Hydraulic characteristics of the system

 Dynamic water level
 Mechanical/electrical efficiency
 Economic consideration
 Availability of maintenance services & spare parts
 Standardization of equipment
 Operating speed

The design working capacity of the pumps (duty point) should be determined taking in to
account the system requirements & number of units working together. The pump characteristics
should normally allow working in the range b/n 2/3 & 2.5 times the normal discharge at the
design duty point. Pumps will be provided with a discharge isolating valve, non-return valve, air
vent, pressure gauge and water meter.

2.13.2 Power supply

Pumps may be driven by electric motor or by diesel engine considering convenience operational
uniformly & pollution aspects; electric drive for pumps is preferable. Electric power may be
provided from the National Grid System (EEPCO line), or locally provided by diesel generator
(s). Where the driving power is electricity, it should preferably be available from two sources:
From the grid as prime source & from a diesel generator as a stand by source generating sets
should be capable of driving all the electric motors of the plant to full design capacity plus any
expected over load.

2.13.3 Capacity design

a) Pump of power, Pp will be designed with the following formula;-

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Pp =ρ QgH/η

ρ = density of water (1000kg/m3)

Q = discharge of the bore hole (m3/s)

g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s2)

H = total pumping head (m): the sum of the delivery head Hd, the frictional head loss
through the line Hf, & the minor losses of fittings & bends (commonly taken as 10% of
the frictional loss):

The delivery head Hd: elevation difference between the water level in the wet well &
the reservoir
N = pump efficiency (0.7)
b) Power supply (generator/EEPCO)

The generator power will be taken as 1.5 times the power required by the pump

PG = (pp*2)/0.8KVA

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CHAPTER THREE

3. OVERALL BENEFIT OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

3.1. Overall benefits I gained from the internship program
Before joining the internship program, I had been expected that only practical and theoretical
Knowledge would be gained. But after the completion of my internship program I could gain
different benefit and experience. The major benefits that I gained from the internship program
Listed below: -

3.1.1. In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge

Theoretical skill that I learned before internship period was mostly based on practical and also
they need more practical skill. It is well known that there is nothing new in the theoretical
education I learned before but, during my internship I upgrade my theoretical knowledge as
follow:

 Putting the theory into practice.

 The usefulness of the theoretical knowledge.
 Theory is the basic to that of practice and it should be mandated.
 The capability to understand different design

3.1.2 In terms of improving inter-personal communication skills

For any individual, communication is an important way of learning which can be defined
formally as the act, process or experience of gaining knowledge. The communication skill that I
gained from my internship period helped me in handling information, persuading people and in
improving relationships with others.

Personal communication skill improves in the internship activities. In case of this I improved
personal communication skill dependence on any activity to improve through a time by
communicated with other.

Finally internship and communication skills are interconnected each other.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

3.1.3. In terms of improving my practical skills

This internship improves my theoretical knowledge through participating practically. If I have a
good theoretical knowledge during my study, it is important to participate practically. Upgrading
theoretical knowledge is important to participate in the internship and also internship is a back
bone to apply theoretically.

The internship also helps how I improve the general skill through training or participating
examine in any work task by observing. In this internship, it was the best one to understand that
the theoretical and practical skill are dependable each other because the theoretical studies helps
to understand easily and to know simply the practical action also when I do any task that related
to my studies, it has its own advantages to save the theoretical knowledge with in image. It uses
to remember at any times in addition to this, the practical skill to help to develop the work
opportunity personally and confidentially without any problem.

3.1.4. In terms of Improving Understanding Work Ethic

During my internship period, I understand what work ethics is mean. In my section of the district
I have seen different workers how to express work ethics with their activities. Work ethics can be
explained in the following ways. The workers in my work place respect their entering and exiting
time properly

 Time management
 Morning 2:00-11:30am
 Respecting person
 Respecting the norms &values of the workers
 Respecting not to harm the workers
 Promoting equal rights for the workers
 Good relation with all workers
 Reporting accurate data
 Punctuality
 Honesty
 Loyalty
 Transparency

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3.1.5. In Terms Of Improving My Team Playing Skills

Leadership is the ability to motivate a group of people towards a common goal. This internship
has developed my ability of getting and giving information good leadership skills.

As I was observed the team playing of the employees activities more result and develop in a
more ultimately and more benefit way.

Generally, this internship gained better experience in upgrading the habit of team playing skill or
cooperating work and benefit of the team playing and developing work ethics for example
helping each other, respect view and ideas of individuals improving good relationship with each
other, accepting and orientation of the company, punctuality and willing on my work helps me to
improve team playing skill.

3.1.6 In terms of Improving Leadership Skill

Leadership is a critical management skill, is the ability to motivate a group of people toward a
common goal. The internship also helps me to improve how to carry my responsibility and
leadership skill because if I have given some job to do and to manage the task properly. Since,
there is accountability in my duties and the action that given to me, so in order to carry my
responsibility I had been executed on the required time. This also helps to improve legality and
punctuality in any way.

The following leadership skills are those I gained from internship

 Manage the overall the activity

 Ensuring sustainability of the activities in organization
 Initiation and conducing of change in the organization
 And be confident leadership in the fold

Finally, this internship has developed my ability of getting and giving information for good
leadership skills

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

3.1.7. In Terms Of Entrepreneurship Skills

Participating in an internship allows me to gain a better perspective of post-graduation

employment by applying the principles and theories I have developed in the class room. This
practical application creates an easier transition for me from the class room to the working world.

While participating in this internship I realize that creativity problem solving is one of the
starting points of entrepreneurs.

The main purpose of the project is to supply quantitative and healthy water to the project area
Therefore, consideration should be given for the following points.

For creating work opportunity for others.

Rural and urban people also participates in the construction of the project so that known how to
contract the component of each structure

Generally from my understanding it is possible in order to entrepreneurs or to create profitable

job.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

CHAPTER FOUR

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. CONCLUSION

In conclusion to appreciate the role of the internship in introducing students with practical work
experience and other personal and professional skills provided that it is perceived and run in the
right way both by the university and the hosting company.

Oromia zone water supply and energy development office participates in different large scale
and small-scale projects located around our towon area. Since due to its cost effectiveness and
mostly on time project completion as well as effective use of human and material resources this
project is given to them. Problems on the shortage of design time and construction execution
time affected the resulting output, as it affects the quality of workmanship.

Generally I try to discuss in the above sections the project was done between deguwaja water by
lifting groaned water towards the surface using water-lifting technology and then distributed to
command area or irrigate area through the main pipe to filed valves. After the water passes
through the pipes, then down flow to the field valves through the risers and then to the towon
area by gravity. The system conducts using pressure and gravity system in order to be
economical.

Finally, this internship semester is so good and too interesting education period of time in which
the over view of Water Resource is engineering is consumed or grasped. It is a time that makes
me familiar to the future outside world. It is also a time in which theoretical concept is developed
by itself, changed into real practical skills and job searching experience is trained.

4.2 Recommendation
The internship program hold benefit to the field supervisor and hosting company by providing
motivated workers (student) at no or small cost to an organization and furnishing the opportunity
to train possible future employees for the organization to maintain a working relationship with
the university in which I had been enrolled in several cases, special project can be accomplished
more in expensively by using student expertise.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

Therefore, I suggest that the company should host more intern students in the future for the
common good of the student and the company.

The company didn`t have a good management and there is a problem in project areas and also no
good interaction between each other. So I think the company should give more attention to
organize commercials and prepare posters that will attract owner toward the company and give a
good training for the employers in professional as well in management issues.

The company should allow interns to work on office work as well as site to give the interns to
provide a good knowledge to the interns.

The site manager prepares transport service for daily workers, surveyors and other site workers
but not for internship students for that reason, I would like to recommend for the site leader to
arrange service transport as much as possible for the future internship students.

The internship supervisors should visit students sooner and frequently so as to support the interns
in any questions they have and challenges they faced.

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

REFERENCES
 Different documents

 Personal information

 Rural water supply volume -1,manila,phlippenes February, 2019

 Water supply and sanitary engineering, by G.S Bridie,1996

 Rural water supply volume -1,manila,phlippenes February, 2012

 Water supply engineering ninth edition by Santosh Kumar Garge, 1996

 Rural water supply volume -1,manila,phlippenes February, 2012

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Agaro Town Water Supply, Mineral And Energy Office 2019 G.C

APPENDICES
Sample calculations

APPENDIX A

Population Forecasting

Pn = P0(1+r)n

Appendix B

Domestic Demand (DD)

DD =P x PCD

Appendix C-WATER LOSS IS 10%OF DD

Appendix D

AVERAGE DAILY DEMAND

ADD=DD+WATER LOSS

Appendix E

Average daily Demand in (m3) or (ADD/1000)

Appendix F

Maximum daily demand (MDD)

MDD=ADD x MDDF

Appendix G

Peak Daily Demand (PDD)

PDD =MDD * PHF

Appendix H

Capacity of reservoir (CR)

CR =0.33*MDD

Appendix I

Economic diameter (D)

D= 0.97 √Q to 1.22 √Q, Where Q = discharge in m3/sec = 0.008 m3/s

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GLOSSARY
Water supply and sanitary engineering fourth edition by G.S Birdie

Plug: is a type of fitting which is used to at stop distribution

Reducer: is a type of fitting which is used to connect reducer pipe (at reducing flow point

Female adapter: is a type of fitting which is used to connect GI pipe with HDPE pipe.

Nipples: is a type of fitting which is used to connect fitting with fitting

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