Types of communication

There are several different ways wherein we share information with one another.
For example, we might use verbal/oral communication when sharing a presentation
with a group or a written communication when applying for a job or sending an
email. Major types of communication are discussed as under:

1. Formal communication
It is also known as the official communication as it takes place
through the pre-planned or the officially designated mediums. The context of
the conversation is also prepared before the communication and things
mostly go in hierarchical order. While doing this type of communication, a
certain type of rules and regulations and conventions and styles are being
followed. No slang language is used in the formal communication, and the
conversation is mostly in the documented form as it is kept as the evidence
for official purpose. Furthermore, the formal communication is of four
types; upward or bottom up, downward or top-down, horizontal for lateral
and crosswise or diagonal communication.

2. Informal Communication
The Informal Communication is the casual and unofficial form of
communication wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously
between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official
rules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command. The informal
communications are based on the personal or informal relations such as
friends, peers, family, club members, etc. and thus is free from the
organizational conventional rules and other formalities. In the business
context, the informal communication is called as a “grapevine” as it is
difficult to define the beginning and end of the communication.

3. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information
through speaking or sign language. It is one of the most common types, often
used during presentations, video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-
on-one conversations. Verbal communication is important because it is efficient.
4. Nonverbal Communication
It is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions to
convey information to others. It can be used both intentionally and
unintentionally. For example, one might smile unintentionally when s/he
hear a pleasing or enjoyable idea or piece of information. Nonverbal
communication is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and
feelings.

5. Oral Communication
This is the communication which employs the spoken word, either
direct or indirect as a communication channel. This verbal communication
could be made on a channel that passes information in only one form i.e.
sound. For example Lectures, Speeches, discussions, etc.

6. Written Communication
It is the act of writing, typing or printing symbols like letters and
numbers to convey information. It is helpful because it provides a record of
information for reference. Writing is commonly used to share information
through books, pamphlets, blogs, letters, memos and e-mails, texts, reports,
SMS, posts on social media platforms, documents, handbooks, posters,
flyers, etc.

7. Inter-personal Communication
Communication between two or more people is called inter-
personal communication.

8. Intra-personal Communication
Intra-personal communication is a process in which people
communicate with themselves either consciously or unconsciously.