‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﻔﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺾ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ]‪.[1‬ﻭﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
 ‫ﻻ‪.‬ﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺃ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﻔﻲ ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮﺀِﻣ‬
‫َﻦ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟﺴِ‬‫ْﻬ‬
‫َﺮ‬ ‫ِﺤﺐ ﺍُ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ْﺠ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُﻳ‬‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪﴿ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ِﻝ﴾‬ ‫ْﻮ‬‫ْﺍﻟ‬
‫َﻘ‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﺒﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ) ﻻ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﺏ ً‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ؛‬

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﺮﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ّ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻬﺎ ) ﺇﻻ (؛ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻚ ﺇﻻ‬

‫ﺕ‪-‬ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻄﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮﺏ‬

‫ُﻩ‬ ‫ُﺪْ‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻳﺎ‬ ‫ُﺒ‬‫َ‬
‫ْﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫َ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫َ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻀ‬‫َ‬‫َ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫}ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪َ:‬‬
‫{ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺑـ ) ﺃﻥ ‪ +‬ﻻ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ (‪.‬‬

‫ُ‬
‫ْﻢ {‪ ) .‬ﻻﻡ‬ ‫َﻰَﻣﺎَﻓﺎ‬
‫َﺗﻜ‬ ‫ْﻮﺍَﻋﻠ‬‫َﻼَﺗﺎ‬
‫َﺳ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪} :‬‬
‫ِﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ‪ +‬ﻻ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ (‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻄﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺯﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺰﻭﻡ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﺙ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‪:‬‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ ً‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻴﻦ (‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻥ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ُ‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ )ﻣﻦ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻢ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺇ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﺼﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ّﻟﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﻭﻗﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺯﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫َ‬
‫ِﻜﻦ‬
‫ُﻮﺍَﻭﻟ‬
‫ِﻣﻨ‬‫ْﻢُﺗ‬
‫ْﺆ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻨﺎُﻗﻞ ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺏَ‬‫َﺮُ‬‫ْﻋ‬‫ِﺖْﺍﻻ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪}:‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْﻢ{‬
‫ﻮﺑﻜ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ُ‬‫ُ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻤ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ِ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ُ‬‫ْﺪ‬‫َﻳ‬‫َﻤﺎ‬
‫َﺎَﻭﻟ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْﻤﻨ‬
‫ْﺳﻠ‬ ‫ُﻗُ‬
‫ﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺍ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻟﻦ‬
 ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ ) ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ (‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ّ‬
‫ُ {‬ ‫ُﻧَ‬
‫ﻮﺏ ﺍﻻ ﺍ‬ ‫ُﺮ ﺍﻟﺬ‬‫ْﻐ‬
‫ِﻔ‬‫َﻳ‬
‫َﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪َ} :‬ﻭ‬
 ‫‪ 2‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ) :‬ﻟﻮ – ﻟﻮﻻ – ﻟﻮﻣﺎ ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﺯﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺭﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻷﻛﺮﻣﺘﻪ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻨﻲ ﻫﻮ‬

‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪} :‬‬
‫ًﺑﺎ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺖُﺗ‬
‫َﺮﺍ‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ِﻨﻲ ﻛ‬
‫َﺘ‬‫َ‬
‫ْﻴ‬ ‫ُﺮ‬
‫َﻳﺎ ﻟ‬‫ﺎﻓ‬
‫ِ‬‫ﻮﻝْﺍﻟﻜ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُﻘُ‬
‫َﻳ‬
‫َﻭ‬

‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬

‫ﻻ ‪ -‬ﻟﻴﺲ ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮ ‪ -‬ﻟﻢ ‪ -‬ﻟﻤﺎ ‪ -‬ﻟﻦ ‪ -‬ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ً‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ . 1‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻟﻔﯿﺮﻭﺯﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
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