Chinh sach cua nha Nguyen trong cuoc

dau tranh gianh lai Phong Thu va Binh Lu

Nguyen Thj Thu Thuy\ Pham Thi Lan Phuofng^

' Truong Dai hpc Su pham Hd Npi.

Email: thuynt@ hnue.edu.vn
Email: phamphuong4111994@gmail.com

Nhan ngdy 6 thang 4 ndm 2018. Chap nhan dang ngay 19 thang 10 nam 2018.

Tom tat: Qud trinh ddu tranh gianh lai hai dpng Phong Thu vd Binh Lu Id thdnh tyu ngoai giao tieu
bieu cua nha Nguyen trong moi quan he vdi nhd Thanh d Tmng Qudc. Bang cdc bipn phdp quan sir
Cling rdn cimg chinh sach ngoai giao mem deo, nha Nguyen da gidnh l^i hai dpng Phong Thu, Binh
Lu (chdu Chieu Tan, phii An Tay, Hung Hoa). Ket qua ciia cupc ddu tranh nay Id bai hpc kinh
nghipm cho c6ng cupc dau tranh, bao vp chu quyin vting biPn gidi hien nay.

Tur khda: Phong Thu, Binh Lu, nha Nguyin, ddu tranh ngoai giao.

Phan loai nganh: Sii hpc

Abstract: The process to regain the two conununes of Phong Thu and Binh Lu is a sahent
diplomatic achievement ofthe Nguyen dynasty in its relation with China's Qing dynasty. Applying
both stong military measures and a flexible foreign policy, the Vietnamese side regained the two
communes, which were in the chdu of Chieu Tan, the phu of An Tay {chdu and phu were
administrative units under the dynasty). Hung Hoa province. The process provides a lesson to leam
for Viemam's cause of safeguarding its sovereignty in the border area today.

Keywords: Phong Thu, Binh Lu, Nguyen dynasty, diplomatic struggle.

Subject classification: History

l.Mofdau Lang gon, Tuyen Quang, Ha CJiang, Ldo

Vtmg^bien gidi phia Bac Viet Nam thdi
Nguyen gdm cac hin ciia tinh Quang Yen,
Cao Bang, Lang San, Tuyen Quang, Hung
Hda (nay Id cac tinh Quang Ninh, Cao Bdng,
Cai, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Y6n Bai, Son La,
mpt phin tinh Phd Thp va mpt phin tinh
Thai Nguyen); cac trin do gidp vdi cac tmh
Van Nam, Qudng Tay, Quang Ddng ciia
Trung Qudc. Ke tyc su nghipp cua nhirag
 Nguyin Thj Thu Thuy, Pham Thj Lan Huang

trieu dai trudc, cdc vua nha Nguyen da thyc nha Thanh chiim dit 6 chau trSn 10 chau d
hien nhieu bien phap tfch cyc nhdm bdo ve phii An Tay. Mudi chau d phii An Tay
chii quyen bien gidi lanh thd cua qudc gia. (Chieu Tin, Quynh Nhai, Lai Chau, Ninh
The nhung, do nhilu If do khdc nhau, van cd Bien, Qudng Ldng, Hodng Nhai, Hpp Phi,
nhiing viing dit bi nha Thanh xam lan. l i Tuyin, Khiem Chau vd Tuy Phy) thupc
Nghien ciiu ve viec giai quyet tranh chap Hung Hda, rilp giap vdi dat dai Van Nam"
lanh thd bien gidi Viet Nam va Trung Qudc [7, tr.680]; 'Tho dan nhd Thanh ciing phin
thdi Nguyen da dupc de cap den trong mpt nhilu vupt trdn sang chiem dat d cac chau ay
sd cdng trinh nghien ciiu nhu Dia chi Cao dl b, thanh ra Qudng Lang vd Khiem Chau
Bang, Lich sic tinh Cao Bdng, Bia chi Thdi hi huypn Kiln Thuy thudc phu Khai Hoa
Nguyen, Bfa chi Lgng Sem, Dia chi Tuyen chiim cii. Trilu ^nh nhilu ldn tu gily bien
Quang.,. Dong thdi, mdt so nhd nghien ciiu, bach, chua dupc nha Thanh trd ldi. Din nay,
nhu Pham Thi Lan Phuang, Nguyin Thi My bay tdi giu trin Hung Hda lai bao cdo ve
Hanh da budc diu de cap din cupc ddu hanh trilu Id Bdn chau Hodng Nham, Tuy Phy,
gidnh lai hai dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu khi Hpp Phi vd Le Tuyen deu bj huyen Kien
nghien ciiu cdc van de lien quan den chfnh Thuy xdm chiem. Hp cii thu thue theo ndc
sdch an ninh quoc phdng cua viing bien gidi nhd hipn co" [7, y.754-755]. Vhng ddt hi
phfa Bac ciia trieu Nguyen [4]; su kien xung
chiem nay md rpng ra dia gidi 6 chdu la
dpt giiia quan nha Nguyen vd quan nha
Quang Ldng, Khiem Chdu, Hodng Nham,
Thanh d ddn Phong Thu nam 1831 [1]. Tuy
Tuy Phy, Hpp Phi va Ld Tuyin va mdt phdn
nhien, den nay, chua cd cdng trinh nao de
cua chdu Chi6u Tdn (dpng Phong Thu vd
cap rieng bipt ve qua trinh dau tranh gidnh
Binh Lu), sau do dupe nhd Thanh ddi ten
lai hai ddng Phong Thu va Binh Lu thdi
Nguyen. Bdi viet'' neu nhiing ghi chep ve thanh 6 trai Manh Lai, Manh Thich, Manh
dpng Phong Thu va Binh Lu trong sii sach; Dinh, Manh Thoa, Manh Bang, Manh Long
trinh bdy chfnh sach ngoai giao va qudn sy (diu thupc huyen Kien Thuy, Trung (^udc).
cua nha Nguyen trong cudc dau tranh gidnh
Quoc su qudn trieu Nguyen ciing cd ghi
lai dpng Phong Thu va Binh Lu.
chep vl lai lich cua hai ddng Phong Thu,
Binh Lu nhu sau: "Manh Thoa la Mudng
Thu cua chdu Chieu Tan, Manh Lpi Id
2. Ghi chep ve dong Phong Thu va Binh Mudng Thfch cua Lai Chdu, hai mudng nay
Lu trong su* sach d heo ldnh nai bien gidi, Ian ldn vdi dan
huyen Kien Thuy nudc Thanh. Va lai hai
Phong Thu vd Binh Lu tir thdi Hdu Le vdn la dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu thudc chdu
hai dpng thudc chdu Chieu Tan, phu An Tay, Chieu Tan vd dpng Hodi Lai thudc Lai
Hung Hda** giap huyen Kien Thiiy, phu Lam Chau deu bi bon quan lai nha Thanh d bien
An, Van Nam. Hai ddng nay bi nhd Thanh gidi lie hiep thu thue bac (ba dpng Phong
chiim tu thcd Le - Trinh. Khdm dinh Viet su Thu, Binh Lu, Hoai Lai bj huypn quan nudc
thong gidm cuang muc chep sy kipn nay nhu Thanh mdi nam thu thue bac mdi dpng 220
sau: "Canh Ty (1780), thang 11, ngudi thd langr[6,t.l,tr.667].
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, sd 12 - 2018

Ve viec hai dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu bj vdi ddn huypn Kien Thuy nudc Thanh. Lai
nhd Thanh chiim vd thu thui bac, Dgi Nam hai dpng Phong Thu va Binh Lu thupc chdu
thuc luc viit: "Hai ddng Phong Thu, Binh Lu ChiSu Tan, ddng Hoai Lai thupc chdu Lai,
chdu ChiSu Tdn tilp gidp vdi trai Manh TMch timg bj quan lai bien gidi nudc Thanh hilp
nudc Thanh (nguyen la dit Lai Chau, Hung thu mdi nam mdi dpng 220 lang bac, nay
Hod, bj mat vdo nudc Thanh da lau), tu ddi neu lai dem 2 Manh liet vao biSn hd nudc
Le trudc bj ngudi nudc Thanh ngam chiem, Thanh thi dat dai hai chau khdng cdn l?i
gpi la yai Manh Thoa, thudc vao huypn Kiln duoc may niia" [5, tr.335].
Thuy, cdp cho thd ty hp Deo lam Chudng trai Nhu vdy, den thdi vua Gia Long, nhd
thu thui bdng bac" [6, t.3, y.58]. Thanh da chiem trpn 6 chau d phii An Tay,
Thdi Le - Trinh, chiia Trjnh Sam da ngodi ra cdn ngam chiem va thu thue ciia
nhieu lan tu giay sang nudc Thanh de doi ngudi dan a dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu (chau
lai vimg dat tran Hung Hda. Vl dieu nay, Chidu Tan) vd dpng Hoai Lai (chdu Lai) ciia
Quoc sic qudn trieu Nguyen viet: "Sdm hpp Hung Hda. Vi vp.y, cd hipn tupng, ngudi
bay tdi trong trilu Idm van thu gdi sang diing diu hai ddng Phong Thu, Binh Lu viia
vi6n quan d Van Quy (Vdn Nam - Quy nhan chuc quan cua trieu dinh nhd Nguyin,
Chau) bipn bach de cuang gidi hai ben vira nhan chiic Chudng trai cua trilu dinh
dupc diing. Nhung sau do, vi chua Trinh nha Thanh. Dgi Nam thuc luc c6 chep: "Hai
Sdm hi bpnh rdi mat, vipc ly ben thoi. Tir dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu chdu Chieu Tdn
day, ddt dai 6 chau, sudt thdi nha Le khdng tiep giap vdi trai Manh Thfch nude Thanh...
sao khoi phuc lai dupc" [7, tr.755]. Ddu nam Gia Long, thd ty la Deo QuIc
Trudc nha Nguyen, cac chfnh quyen qudn Thuyen dupc trao chiic Phdng ngy sii, coi
chu Viet Nam dd ft nhieu quan tam din viec lam vipc chdu. Qudc Thuyen lai nhan chiic
gidnh lai vting dit phu An Tay (Hung Hoa), Chudng trai cua nudc Thanh, nppriengthui
hong do cd hai dpng Phong Thu vd Binh Lu, hai dpng mdi nam 50 lang b£ic" [6, t.3,
nhung d6u khdng cd kit qua. h-.58]. Dieu nay tao nen gdnh nang thui khda
ddi vdi nhan dan viing bien gidi, khiln tinh
hinh an mnh bien gidi bit dn va chii quyin
3. Chinh sach ngoai giao cua nha Nguyen lanh thd qudc gia bj vi phjim.
Trudc tinh hinh do, Tong trdn Bac
Theo Quoc su qudn trieu Nguyin: "6 chdu Thanh da tau len vua Gia Long: "Chieu Tan
Hoang Nham, Hpp Phi, Tuy Phu, Tung vd Lai Chau chfnh thupc sd Hung Hda ma
Lang, L6 Tuyin vd Khiem, dan cu liln vdi ngudi Thanh lai dem ddn cac mudng dpng
dat nudc Thanh, khdng rd mil vl nudc fiai chdu chep lan lam cac trai manh, chdng
Thanh tir thdi d^ naol Nay Manh Thoa cua qua dd id bon quan lai a bien giditiiayddt
nudc Thanh tiic la Mudng Thu cua chau dai vd nhdn dan ay cd Ipi nSn lap rieng
Chieu Tdn xua, Manh Lai ciia nudc Thanh xung hipu, muu toan bd chiim, ma Tong
tiic la Mudng Thii cita chau Lai xua, hai doc Van Quy thi cii mpt myc nghe theo,...
Mudng ndy d ldnh xa nai bien gidi, lan ldn Nay xin trudc viet thu h i ldi cho Tdng doc

82

Van Quy, tdch bach ro rang cuang gidi cita
hai chau yeu cau sai ngudi sang hpi ddng
chia vach lai, dl xem y hp ra sao, rdi sau lai
se ndi den chuyen cii ve cuang gidi sdu
chau. Nhu the thi Tdng ddc Van Quy han la
lo ta hoac cd sinh vipc d biSn gidi, khdng
the khdng tru lieu, dan hai chdu do do md
cung cd the khdi phai thue ma nang ne" [6,
t.l, tr.667-668]. Tuy nhien, vua Gia Long
eho rang: "Nudc duang liic bdt dau khai
sang, chua roi ma lieu edng vipc bi£n
cuong. Viec de day khdng tra Idi" [6, t.l,
tr.668]. Sau do, van de bidn cuang d Hung
Hda khdng dupc nhdc lai d thdi vua Gia
Long nira. Nhd Thanh cdp cho thd ty hp
Deo 1dm Chudng trai thu thue bdng bac d
ddn Phong Thu va Binh Lu.
Chinh sdch ciia nha Nguyen ddi vdi vipc
dau tranh gidnh lai hai dpng Phong Thu va
Binh Lu trd len manh me vdo nhiing ndm
30 cua the ki XIX dudi tiidi trj vi cua vua
Minh Mpnh nhan sy kipn Deo Doan An.
Trong cupc ddu tranh ndy, nhd Nguyin da
ket hpp kheo leo giiia chfnh sdch ngoai giao
vd chfnh sdch quan sy de gidnh lai hai ddng
Phong Thu va Binh Lu.
Ndm Minh Mpnh thii 11 (1830),tiiang5,
Deo VTnh Dien (Tran thdn Hung Hda) phdi
Deo Chfnh Djnh (ngudi Lai Chau) giii ddn
Phong Thu thay cho Deo Doan An (do Dho
Doan An sang nhd Thanh cdu ciiu de ndi
chiic cha dng). Sy kien ndy da tao n8n
nhiing tranh chap va dpng binh d vung biSn
gidi phia Bdc. Dgi Nam thuc luc chep sy
kien nay nhu sau: "Den bay gid Doan An
sang nudc Thanh cau lam Chudng trai, vd
ndi tinh tp bpn VTnh Dien ba chiim, rdi
chng dang Id Deo Doan Kien, Deo Doan V5
nhd 300 linh nudc Thanh vay bdt bpn VTnh
Nguyin Thj Thu Thuy, Phjim Thj Lan Huong
Dien dua sang huypn Kien Thuy" [7, t.3,
tr.58]. v l sy kien ndy, Minh Menh chinh
yeu viit: "Ngudi Dieu (Deo - tac gia chii)
Doan An a tinh Hung Hda, dng cha ndi ddi
qudn giii ddn Phong Thu. Den nay quan d
Bdc Thdnh cho ngudi d Chdu Lai la Dieu
Chanh Djnh din thay. Doan An mdi chay
sang tinh Van Nam nudc Thanh de cau ciiu
dupc ndi chiic ong cha, ngudi nhd Thanh
dem 600 quan qua bd eoi de ddi bat ngudi
Chanh Dinh" [8, tr.1645-1646].
Viec bat ngudi ciia nha Thanh khdng
phdi Id ldn dau. Cung khong phai do Deo
Doan An den cau ciiu nhd Thanh thi huypn
Kien Thiiy mdi cir ngudi vupt bien gidi
sang giup da. Trudc su kien nam 1831,
quan huyen Kien Thiiy nha Thanh da tiing
vupt dja gidi sang bat Bho Quoc Lan (quan
vien ciia tran Hung Hda) dem di, sau dd lai
den bdt Cam Nhan Cim, nhung Nhan Cim
khdng cy dupc. Quan quan nha Thanh chi
lay do lam cd, nhan su kipn Dodn An ma
dem quan qua dia gidi de sinh sy, lam anh
hudng den an ninh vung biSn gidi phfa bac
Vipt Nam.
De ddi phd vdi viec coi thudng bang
giao va qudc the ciia quan qudn huyen Kien
Thuy, vua Minh Menh va Bp Hinh ban bac
vd di den quyet dinh tni6c mdt dung bipn
phap ngoai giao, tu giay sang phii Van Qu^
yeu cau nha Thanh tra bien de dn djnh tinh
hinh bien gidi. Ve vipc ndy, Quoc sir qudn
trieu Nguyen viet: "Gidi han hai bSn dd
dinh ro rang, neu cd ngudi ddt khdc pham
phdp thi phdi xet cho dich xac va phdi tu
giay cho sd tai bat de giao sang... Xin sac
cho bp L I dem sy trang may lin huyen
Kien Thuy da gdy ra, tu cho Doc phit Van
Quy tra bipn, khien tir sau khdng dupc ty
83
Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, s6 12 - 2018
tipn vupt cdi 1dm bay. Nhu the thi qudc the
va bang giao on ca" [6, t.3, tr.59].
4. Chinh sach quan su- cua nha Nguyin
Cung vdi viec sir dung bipn phap ngoai
giao, vua Minh Menh ciing chit dpng tdng
cudng lyc lupng qudn trieu dinh ket hpp
vdi quan dja phuang ciing thd binh d Hung
Hda dl phdng bj vting bien gidi, dong thdi
cu quan di tuin phdng dd xet. Dgi Nam
thirc luc ghi: "Phdi 200 thii binh Thin ca
din giii trdn sd, lai luong phdi sau bdy muai
ngudi trdn binh chinh bj khf gidi, di hdi vdi
thd binh theo dja gidi md tuan phdng dd
xet" [6, t.3, tr.59]. Khdm dinh Dgi Nam hgi
dien su le ciing chep chi du cua vua Minh
Menh: "Huypn Kien Thuy nuac Thanh da
nhilu lin sinh su, le khdng bd qua dupc.
Vay thdnh sd tai (tir Bac thanh) phdi them
quan Thin sach 100 ngudi den coi giii tran
sd dy. Tran sd tai phai them bien binh thupc
tran 6, 70 ngudi, mac binh phuc nghiem
chinh di ngay den chau Chieu Tan cung vdi
Thd binh phdi den trudc day, chieu theo dia
hat ma tuan tieu, neu ngudi nudc Thanh
cdn dam vupt qua coi quay nhieu, chuan
cho bien binh cita thanh da phai den, gdp
siic ddnh bat, cot bdt sdng dupc tai chd 5, 3
t£n ngudi nudc Thanh ap giai vl thanh, rdi
tiic thi tdu len, dpi chi de giai giao cho tinh
VanNamxet"[3, tr.373].
Ghi chep ve sd lupng quan duoc Minh
Menh phai din chdu Chieu Tin hong sy
kipn ndy cd sy khdc nhau. Tuy nhien,
nhung ghi chep nay diu thi hien vipc vua
Minh Menh rit kien quylt trong viec diu
tranh dl bao ve vung dit Phong Thu vd
Binh Lu, dting luc lupng qudn su dl giii dit
va sdn sang dpng binh khi can thiet.
Theo Khdm dinh Dgi Nam hgi dien su le,
ndm Minh Menh tiiii 12 (1831), Bdc Thanh
dp tau ring: "Den Phong Thu chdn bdt dupc
ngudi nudc Thanh la bpn Tieu Tu Tin 6
ten" [3, tr.373]; sy viec dupe giai quyet khi
ddc phii tinh Van Nam cd cong vdn phtic
dap tdi Bac Thdnh. Sau mpt thdi gian ban
bac, nha Nguydn cho rang: "Huypn Kien
Thiiy xet xii ten Deo Chfnh Djnh khdng
dupc lai quiy nhieu, phai giii gin ydn on vd
ciing khdng ddm ndi den ddi lai nhung
ngudi Hdn lin trudc ta da bat dupc, du thay
ngudi Thanh ldi le da dudi, tiic nhiSn qud
huypn nha Kien Thiiy khong dupc 1dm can
gdy hdn niia, vay ta ciing khdng can phai
bien luan bdt be nhieu 1dm gi" [3, tr.373].
VI vdy, vua Minh Mpnh da cho rlit qudn ve
va can dan thd myc bien gidi chi nSn giu
gin bd cdi khdng dupc vupt sang dja gidi
ciia nhd Thanh.
Su kien Deo Doan An dupc giai quyet
bdng viec quan nha Nguyen ddng d don
Phong Thu. Nha Thanh khdng thu dupc
thue bac tCr dpng nen mat di mpt ngudn lpi
ve kinh te ldn. Nha Thanh khdng phuc nha
Nguyen khi nhd nguyen lay lai viing dat.
Theo hp, dd la thupc ldnh thd Trung Quoc
tir thdi vua Khang Hy. Dya vdo "If le" nay,
nha Thanh tiep tyc thuc hien cac hdnh dpng
quan sy nham tranh chap ddn Phong Thu
vdi nha Nguyen. Dgi Nam thuc luc cd ghi
chep su kien nay vao Ndm Minh Mpnh thii
12 (1831) nhu sau: "Phii Lam An (huyen
Kien Thuy thupc phu ndy) thupc tran Lam
Nguyen nha Thanh lai phai muc luypn hon
600 ngudi din ddi lay ddn Phong Thu va
ndi: Phong Thu la dit Manh Thoa cu ciia
nha Thanh, ddn binh cita ta phdi nit di,
khdng dupc ddng nua" [6, t.3, tr.l83]. Hanh
dpng ndy cua phii Lam An tiep tyc de dpa
 Nguyin Thj Thu Thiiy, Ph^m Thj Lan Huong

nghiem trpng den chii quyin lanh thd cua Vdi thing lpi tam thdi ciia nha Nguyen,
Viet Nam, khiln cho vua Minh Mpnh nha Thanh cd de van thu vdi y mudn giang
khdng the lam nga. Vua lap die lenh cho hda. Vua Minh Mpnh ddng y va ra Ipnh:
"Uy thdng thap ca Nguyen Dinh Phd dem "Phdm nhung khf gidi nghi tupng bdt dupc
1.000 biln binh ciia thdnh hat va 10 that voiciia quan Thanh, deu dua tra het. Khdng cin
di gap len ddng giii trdn Hung Hod. Khi den phdi hpp mat vdi hp, lap tiic nit het bien
trin, lap tiic trieh ldy 300 ca bien binh ldnbinh vl 0-ln" [6, t.3, tr.l83]. Quylt djnh nay
trin hinh va thd binh, 5 thdt voi, uy cho ciia vua Minh Menh khong phai thi hipn su
quan trin Vii Vdn Tfn va Ngo Huy Trdn hen kem, nhu nhupc trudc nha Thanh, md
dem den Chieu Tdn tim chd ddng lai phdng nhdm dn djnh tinh hinh bien gidi, tranh
giii" [6, t.3, tr.l83]. Sau do, vua tu giay dpng binh khi khdng can thiet sau khi da
sang nha Thanh vdi dai y ndi rang: "Phong dat dupc muc dfch ciia minh.
Thu Id dat cii cua. ban qude. Tu xua den
Sau nay, ndi ve sy vipc Deo Doan An,
nay, ddng giii theo dja phan gidi han da ro
vua Minh Menh cdn ndi thSm: "Trudc kia,
rang. Cdn cho gpi la Manh Thoa hoac gid
cung cd nhung chua dupc nghe noi d vao ngudi nha Thanh vd cd bdng phdi binh Ifnh
cho nao. Vay khdng n6n nghe ldi Doan An sang cuang biic chiem ddng ddn bdo ciia ta.
ma gay ra han khfch" [6, t.3, tr.l83]. Quoc the vd bien phong, hai vipc deu la
quan trpng, nen mdi phdi binh h'nh den
Mac dh vay, nhd Thanh van tien biic ddn phdng ngira, ciing Id vipc bat dac dT phai
Phong Thu. Do binh luc khdng du manh, lam de ung pho vdi hp, chii ha mudn nhpc
Chic Dinh Thong, Thu ddn Phong Thu siic ngudi de muu dd viec xa xdi dau?" [6,
khdng chong ndi, phai lui ve ddng Binh Lu. t.3, h-.2D9]. Din nam Minh Menh thii 12
Tuy nhien, khdng vi the ma nhd Nguyen (1831), thang 8, Deo Doan An cimg dd
hudng xudi de nha Thanh chiem lai hai ddng bj bat vd gidi ve kinh. Bp Binh va Bo
dpng ay. De khdng djnh quyet tam cua Hinh khep Doan An vao tpi "trdm giam
minh, vua Minh Mpnh lai lenh cho "Dang hau" de chd vua quyet djnh. Tiep dd, vua
Van Thiem dilu tiiem 200 biln binh, 2 tiiat giao cho cdc tii trudng dja phuang cai quan
voi cung Vii Van Tfn tien thdng den nai" vd ddng giii ddn Phong Thu, cho Deo Qudc
[6, t.3, tr.l83]. Ket qua Id, quan quan nha Long, con Deo Qudc Thuyfin quan ly hai
Thanh khdng chiu duoc thuy tho vung nay, dpng Phong Thu, Binh Lu, kiem cai qudn
bj dm chet nhieu, ngay dan tan ra. Khi Vu ddn Phong Thu [6, t.3, tr.209].
Van Tfn den ddn Phong Thu, quan Thanh
Sau khi gianh lai dupc vhng dat d dpng
da bd di trudc, Vu Vdn Tfn thu dupc siing
Phong Thu va Binh Lu (chau Chieu Tdn,
Idn, Sling nhd, guom trdng bd sot lai. Sau
phit An Tdy, Hung Hda), nha Nguyin xac
khi quan qudn nhd Thanh nit khdi ddn
lap lai chii quyen qudc gia bang viec cho
Phong Thu, Vii Vdn Tin phai uy Chdnh dpi
quan qudn lap ddn bdt, chia quan phdng giu
trudng suat dpi Bui Van Huang quan ITnh
va cir ngudi qudn ly viing dat dd.
100 binh (vira trin binh vira thd binh) dl
dong giii, rdi lap ddn d chd each song, ehia Nam Minh Menh thii 13 (1832), thang 9,
quan phong giii. vua sai Le Dai Cuang tham dd tinh trang
thdi gian gan dd cua ngudi Thanh d dpng

85
Khoa hpc xa hpi VietNam, s6 12-2018
Phong Thu tiiudc Hung Hod [6, t.3, tr.366],
dl tam bf mat do xet, nam bdt tinh lunh de
cd nhiing bipn phap doi phd khi can. Vua
Minh Menh nhdn dupc cau trd ldi ciia Le
D^i CXrang rdng: "Huyen Kiln Thuy nha
Thanh cung thudng sai ngudi din dpng
Phong Thu ddi thui namtixrdc,cdc tiid myc
khdng chju nop. Ngudi nhd Thanh ciing
khdng dam sinh sy" [6, t.3, tr.366].
Nhu vay, bdng nhiing bien phap ngoai
giao cuang quylt kit hpp vdi chfnh sdch
quan sy, ddng thdi kheo leo giang hoa vdi
nhd Thanh, nha Nguyin da gianh lai dupc
Phong Thu vd Binh Lu. Nhd Thanh cung tir
bd y dinh quIy nhilu, thu tiiue bac d vting
dat nay.
5. Ket ludn
Cupc dau tranh gidnh lai chu quyen d hai
dpng Phong Thu va Binh Lu (chau Chieu
Tdn, phii An Tay, Hung Hda) dudi thdi
Nguyen dien ra trong mpt khodng thai gian
khdng dai (tu thang 5 ndm 1830 den thdng
8 nam 1831), nhung dd la qud trinh dau
tranh kien quyet bang bipn phdp ngoai giao
ket hpp vdi qudn sy. Bdng chfnh sach ngoai
giao mem mdng, nhd Nguyin khdng nhiing
duy tri dupc mdi quan hp bang giao tdt dep
vdi nha Thanh, ma van giu vung nguyen tac
bat kha xam pham vl bien gidi lanh thd,
gianh lai dupc viing ddt da mit tu thdi Hau
Le. Thanh cong trong cupc diu tranh gidnh
lai viing dit Phong Thu va Bmh Lu co y
nghTa quanti-pngtrong vipc khdng djnh chu
quyin va toan ven Idnh thd cua qudc gia.
Vipc sir dung cdc bien phdp ngoai giao
mem mdng, kheo leo nhung kien quylt kit
hpp vdi siic manh qudn sy tir trong cudc
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diu tranh gianh 1^ Phong Thu va Binh Lu
dudi thdi Nguyen la nhung bdi hpc kinh
nghiem quy hdu trong sy nghiep bdo ve chii
quyen, toan ven lanh thd qudc gia ngdy nay.
Chu thich
' Bai viit nay la kit qua cua de tai cap Bp: "Chinh
sach bien gidi phia Bac Vipt Nam cOa tneu Nguyen
va bai hgc dii voi su nghipp bao vp chu quyen lanh
thi Vipt Nam hipn nay", ma s6: B2016-SPH-01.
''Tinh Hung Hoa thoi Nguyen gom cic tinh L4o Cai,
Lai Chau, Dipn Bi6n, Ygn Bit, Son La vk mpt phan
tinh Phii Tho ngay nay. Dgi Nam thuc luc c6 ghi
chep: 'Thing tti 3 phii \k Quy Ho5, Gia Hung, An
TSy; 5 huyen la Van Chan, Yen Lap, Tam N8ng,
T r k Yen, Thanh XuySn; 16 chSu Ik Thuy VT, Van
Bin, SoTi La, Thu^n Chau, Tuan Giio, Mai Sem, An
ChSu, Ninh Bien, Mpc Chau, Da Bic, Phii Hoa, Mai
Chau, Chieu Tan, Luan Chau, Lai Chau, Qujnh
Nhai" [6, t.3, tr.230). Thcri H6ng Diic, tran Hung
Hoa CO dia gicri giip phu Lam An vk phij Khai H<5a
(V3n Nam, Trung Quoc). Trong do, tran Hung H6a
gIm cac phu Gia Hung, phu Dipn Bien, phu An Tay
giap huyen Kien Thiiy, phii Lam An; phu Quy H6a
giap huyen Van Son, phii Khai Hoa.
^ Th&i Le Cinh Hung, phii An Tay, Hung Hda c6 10
chau, nhung 6 chau Tung Lang, Hoang Nham, Hpp
Phi, Le Tuyen, Tuy Phy vk Khiem bj mat ve miijc
Thanh, chi con 4 chSu Chi£u Tan, Qu)Tih Nhai, Lai
vk Luan [5. tr.332]. Siu chSu bj mSl tr6 thknh siu
manh (Manh Lai, Manh Thich, Manh Dinh, Manh
Thoa, Manh B^ng, Manh Lpng) cua nhk Thanh.
Chua Trinh Sam da nhieu lan tu giay sang nuac
Thanh de doi lai viing dat tran Himg Hda. Thoi
Quang Trung, vua da lira biiu xin lai cucmg gidi
Hirag Hda, lai bi Ting doc Luong Quang Phiic
Khang An bac [7, tr.334]. Thai Gia Long, til trudng
 N g u y i n Thi T h u Thiiy, P h ^ m Thi Lan H u o n g
Lai Chau vk Van Ban sang cac tran bj mat vao tay
nha Thanh de chieu dy dan phiSu tan trd v l . Tong
doc Van Quy dua cong van sang trilu nhk Nguyen
yeu cau nhk Nguyin chdm dut dnh tr?ng dy do dan d
siu mSnh dd.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Nguyen Thi My Hanh (2017), Quan hi ngogi
giao Viet Nam • Trung Quoc thdi Nguyin
(1802 -1885), Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Hk Npi.
[2] Tr4n Thi Nhung (2011), Chinh .sdch an ninh
quoc phdng aia trieu Nguyin doi vdi viing bien
gidi phia Bdc (1802 -1858), Luan van thac sy.
Trucmg Dai hoc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van,
D^ii hpc Quoc gja Ha Npi.
Npi c i c trieu Nguyen (1993), Khdm dinh Bgi
Nam hgi diin su le, t.8, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue.
Ph^im Thj Lan Phucmg (2016), Chinh sdch bdo
vp vd,ng bien gidi phia Bdc dudi thdi Minh
M$nh (1820 - 1840), Khda luan t i t nghiep,
Trucmg Dai hpc Su phsim H i Npi, HJl Npi.
(Juoc su quan trieu Nguyen (2006), Dgi Nam nhdt
thong chi, xA, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi.
Quoc sit qu^n trieu Nguyin (2007), Dgi Nam
thgc lgc, t.l, t.3, Nxb GiSo dye. Ha Npi.
Quoc sii quin trieu Nguyen (2007), Khdm dinh
Vi?t su thong gidm cuong myc, t.2, Nxb Giio
dye, Hk Npi
Quoc sii quan trilu Nguyen (2010), Minh
M$nh chinh yiu, Nxb Thu§n Hda, Hue.
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