Mariana Merva

FIN-1-18
Practical task 23
Практичне заняття 23.Стилістика англійської мови.

1. Chapter 1

1)Quotation
Not only did she love him very deeply, but her life and travels with him have opened
up her world and her heart in irreversible ways.

Technique 
Metaphor,Hyperbole

How does the style add to the meaning?

The author uses these styles to show the big love of Jody

2)Quotation
Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board.”

Technique 
Idiom,metaphor

How does the style add to the meaning?

Zora Neale Hurston uses this idiom to introduce the novel and to show all its sense in
the beginning.Also this quotation has got a metaphor because ships can’t have man’s
wish.

Defenition
Stylistics, a branch of applied linguistics, is the study and interpretation of texts of all
types and/or spoken language in regard to their linguistic and tonal style, where style
is the particular variety of language used by different individuals and/or in different
situations or settings. For example, the vernacular, or everyday language may be used
among casual friends, whereas more formal language, with respect
to grammar, pronunciation or accent, and lexicon or choice of words, is often used in
a cover letter and résumé and while speaking during a job interview.
For stylistic purposes, Galperi presents the system of stylistic classification of
English vocabulary which consists of three overlapping layers:

1.(unmarked) neutral layer – being the most stable level it forms the bulk of

English vocabulary, its common core, includes field-nonspecific words, is the source
of polysemy and synonymy and renders itself for the word-formation processes,

2. (marked) literary layer consisting of a) common literary words (used esp. in

writing and polished speech), and b) special literary words, which include terms and
learned words (terminology of sciences), poetic words (highly elevated
vocabulary), archaic words (obsolescent, obsolete, archaic proper), barbarisms and
foreign words (foreignisms), literary/terminological coinages (including nonce-
words),

3.(marked) colloquial layer contains words which have lively spoken character:

a) common colloquial words, b) special colloquial words which include slang (e.g.,
college slang, rap slang, military slang), jargonisms, professional words (e.g.,
journalese), dialectal words, vulgar words, colloquial coinages (nonce-words). The
neutral layer along with the overlapping areas of common literary words and
common colloquial words form the standard English vocabulary. The relations
between the neutral and common colloquial/common literary words is represented by
existing chains of synonyms.

2. Means of stylistic expression

a. Tropes 

Four Master Tropes

Metaphor ,Metonymy, Synecdoche , Irony

Hired gun,the media

Tropes of Degree
Hyperbole ,Auxesis ,Meisosis ,Litotes,Amplification

I’ve told you to clean your room a million times!

Plays on Sound and Sense

Antanaclasis,Syllepsis,Onomatapoiea

Machine noises—honk, beep, vroom, clang, zap, boing.

Characterizations
Periphrasis ,Antonomasia ,Personification

Shakespeare - "The Bard"

Plays on Logic
Rhetorical Question ,Oxymoron

 Act naturally.
 Alone together.

b. Schemes 

1) Repeating words, phrases, or even sounds in a particular way is_ Repetition

2) Leaving out certain words or punctuation that would normally be expected is

Punctuation

3) “Bob brought the box of bricks to the basement.”  example of Alliteration

4) A scheme in which vowel sounds repeat in nearby words, such as the "ee" sound in
the proverb: "the squeaky wheel gets the grease." IS Assonance

5) The deliberate omission of one or more words from a sentence because their
meaning is already implied. In the example, "Should I call you, or you me?" Ellipsis

6) The repetition of sentence structure for emphasis and balance. This can occur in a
single sentence, such as "a penny saved is a penny earned," and it can also occur over
the course of a speech, poem, or other text. IS Parallelism