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--------------- Strength of Materials ---------------

Strength of Materials
- (also known as Mechanics of Materials) is the
study of the internal effect of external forces applied to
structural members. Stress, strain, deformation,
deflection, flexure, shear diagram, and moment
diagram are some of the topics covered by this course.

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--------------- Strength of Materials --------------- --------------- Strength of Materials ---------------

In Statics of Rigid Bodies, we learned that external loads produce internal loads.
Through our knowledge in Strength of Materials, we can also have a
general idea on how to answer the following questions:

1. How much stress does a body experience?

Here in Strength of Materials, we will learn that:
1. These internal loads cause stress in a body/material.
2. These stresses cause a body to deform.
2. Is it safe for the body to carry this much stress?
3. How big should a body be so stress is low enough?
4. How much does the body deform?
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--------------- Stress ---------------

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Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area. It is the
force on a member divided by the area which carries the force.

In symbols,
Simple Stresses 𝝈=
𝑭
𝑨

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ARC1134: Module 1
It can be expressed in N/mm , MN/m or MPa for SI units, and lb/in
or psi in English units.
Stress is the lead to accurately describe and predict the elastic
deformation of a body.
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--------------- Classification of Simple Stress --------------- --------------- Normal Stress ---------------

1. Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to
Simple stress can be classified as either:
the cross-sectional area of the material.
1. Normal Stress 𝑷
𝝈=
2. Shear Stress 𝑨
where:
3. Bearing Stress 𝑃 = applied normal load in Newton
𝐴 = area in 𝐦𝐦𝟐
Suspension bridges
Normal stress is either tensile stress or
are good example of
structures that carry compressive stress. Members subject to tensile
these stresses. force are under tensile stress, while members subject
to compressive force are under compressive stress.
https://cdn.britannica.com/87/887-050-04408E86/George-Washington-Bridge-New-Jersey-York-City.jpg
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Problem 1. A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as

shown. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in
bronze and 120 MPa in steel.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
(Normal Stress)

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Problem 2. The homogeneous bar shown is supported by a smooth pin at C and a cable Problem 3. Determine the cross-sectional areas of members AG, BC, and CE for the truss
that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its shown. The stresses are not to exceed 20 ksi in tension and 14 ksi in compression. A
diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb. reduced stress in compression is specified to reduce the danger of buckling.

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Problem 4. Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by two wires shown. Practice problem 1. For the truss shown, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and
The stress in either wire is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires AB DF. The cross-sectional area of each member is 1.8 in . Indicate tension (T) or
and AC are 0.4 in and 0.5 in , respectively. compression (C). 𝑨 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟔 𝐤𝐬𝐢 𝑨 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐬𝐢 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟓𝟐 𝐤𝐬𝐢
𝑪𝑬 𝑫𝑬 𝑫𝑭

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--------------- Shear Stress ---------------

2. Shear stress is developed if the applied force is parallel to the
resisting area. Shear stress is also known as tangential stress.
𝑽
𝝉=
where:
𝑨
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
𝑉 = resultant shearing force in Newton
𝐴 = area in 𝐦𝐦𝟐 (Shear Stress)

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Problem 1. What force is required to punch a 20-mm diameter hole in a plate that is 25 Problem 2. Find the smallest diameter of the bolt that can be used in the clevis shown
mm thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m . below if P = 400 kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.

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Problem 3. Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as
shown. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
Practice problem 2. In the figure below, a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a
shearing strength of 40 ksi. The compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi.
(a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate in which a hole 2.5 inches in diameter can
be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the diameter of the smallest
hole that can be punched. 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝐢𝐧 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟖 𝐢𝐧

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--------------- Bearing Stress ---------------

3. Bearing stress is the contact pressure between separate bodies. It
applies to the strength of bolts, pins or rivets when holding parts together.
𝑷𝒃
𝝈𝒃 =
where:
𝑨𝒃 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
𝑃 = the force between the fastener and the parts it holds together
𝐴 = the surface area where the two objects make contact
(Bearing Stress)
Bearing stress differs from compressive stress, as it is an internal stress
caused by compressive forces.

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Problem 1. In the figure shown, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates Problem 2. The lap joint shown below is fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter rivets.
that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate Calculate the maximum safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets
material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing stress in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume the
plate and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates. applied load is uniformly distributed among the four rivets.

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Problem 3. The figure below shows a roof truss and the detail of the riveted connection Practice problem 3. In the clevis shown, find the minimum bolt diameter and the
at joint B. Using allowable stresses of 𝜏=70 Mpa and 𝜎 =140 Mpa, how many 19-mm minimum thickness of each yoke that will support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding
diameter rivets are required to fasten member BC to the gusset plate? Member BE? a shearing stress of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.
𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔 𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 𝐢𝐧

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END OF LECTURE
QUESTIONS?

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