UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF
PRELIM OUTPUT 1 -
HISTORY OF THE SELF
NAME: KATRINA KATE P. MABBUN
SECTION: BS RADTECH 1-1
PROFESSOR: MR. MARK LESTER C. CUAYZON, PH.D.
DATE: AUGUST 29,2022
Perspectives of the

different

Philosophers
The Perspectives of the different

Philosophers about the self.

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Know thyself through introspection
Plato's perspective on the idea of
Asserts the need for the need for the soul to

achieve unity with God through faith and

or reflection "self" is actually best represented in

reason.
Tripartite Structure of the Soul
his theory/explanation of the
The soul's quest for heaven is the need to be

namely the manageable self

"psyche". Rather than use the word
contempt of the self, wherein the self

(spirited), appetitive self (unruly),

"self", he had what some academics
represents the mundane and worldly

rational (reason). call a tripartite theory of the soul.

demands.
The soul need to go through several steps
For Socrates he believes that every Humans have 3 divided functions,

with end goal of freeing itself from the

man and women composed of a one

namely, nutritive psyche, sensitive
demands of self.
soul and he also believes there are
psyche, and rational psyche; and it
Augustine believed that humans were made

different souls there are perfect and

behaves in a hierarchical fashion. in the image and likeness of God. Unlike

unperfected soul, however he

Knowledge is already within the self,
inanimate things, animals perceive and react

challenges everyone to understand

and we could understand the world
to the sensible world, but they still have no

knowledge or desires not tied to their senses.

there selves or thyself an Socrates

around us through reason and

Humans have an inner knowledge that

confirms that the unexamined life is

introspection. Therefore, the self
animals lack.
not worth living for, Socrates is a
contains knowledge and connects to
He believed that mind is aware of itself, and

Greek teacher he cannot teach

the dictum "Know thyself" it recognizes that its own existence and

anyone but he can make them think. knowledge is good.

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David Hume was a Scottish

All living things posses a soul. Human

Rene Descartes was a French
Enlightenment philosopher, historian,

soul continues to exist even in death.

philosophers, mathematician, and
economist, and essayist, who is best

It is only complete again when it

scientist. A native of the Kingdom of
known today for his highly influential

animates a body once more such as

France, he spent about 20 years of his
system of philosophical empiricism,

resurrection. life in the Dutch Republic after serving

skepticism, and naturalism.
Aristotelian thought emphasizes that
for a while in the Dutch States Army of
Hume completely undercuts Descartes

the person is both body and soul. The

Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
and Locke's view of self-identity.
soul is the form that all living things
and the Stadtholder of the United
He believed that any idea must be

possess. Provinces. derived from an impression.

The soul's presence in the body
Self is someone who is a thinker
Hume argues that when we are self-

enriches and nourishes the body when

because he can be able to think which
conscious we are only aware of fleeting

it is joined together. It is not any kind

thoughts, feelings and perceptions; we do

proves that self has its own mind. Mind

not have an impression of the self or a

of punishment for the body. will able to know that something exist

thinking substance.
He believed that the body
if it's visible in the eye.
He concludes that the idea of the self is

constitutes individuality. The

In my own definition of self, presence
simply a fiction.
individual was the focus of
of mind is a thing to define self. It is the
We are never aware of any enduring self,

Renaissance thought, with Descartes’

same with Rene Descartes, which is for
we are never justified in claiming we are

famous “I think, therefore I am” as the him, a person is existing because he can
the same person we were a year ago or a

epitome of the Western idea of self. be able to think because he has a mind. minute ago.
 RLEA
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Gilbert Ryle’s argument against the theory
All knowledge about the self is based

Immanuel Kant's perception of self (The

that, the mind does not exist and

on the "phenomena" of experience
inner and outer self) is somewhat same as

therefore can't be the seat of self. Ryle

The "I" is a single integrated core

mine. In my own perception self is being

believed that self comes from behavior.

identity; a combination of the mental,

you, you do what you think, sometimes

We're all just a bundle of behaviors caused

physical and emotional structures

unconsciously. When a person does

by the physical workings of the body.
something with or without his
around a core identity of the self
According to me: he is right. Experience

consciousness (Outer self) is because of

Phenomenology of Perception-

creates perspective, as the evidence is

the command coming from the mind

everything that people are aware of is

stored through memories. It is this

(Inner self). contained within the consciousness

perspective that creates your reality. The

I believe that what you do reflects what

Perception is not merely a

conscious mind is the gatekeeper of all

you are. So, my perception of self is

information, storing and releasing it
consequence of sensory experience;

related to fried rich engles that the labor

accordingly. Self is the manifestation of
rather, it is a conscious experience.

done reveals its laborer. When you do a

compiled experiences. Thus, the self is embodied subjectivity.
project (Labor), the ideas put on that work
Ryle thought the philosophical of the use
A phenomenologist who says the

displays the characteristics of a person

of the word soul was a "category mistake"
mind-body bifurcation is an invalid

(Laborer). or a mistake in the use of the language.

problem
Kant believed in a 'transcendental'
The example which he used was a
Mind and body are inseparable
enduring self. foreigner watching a cricket match
"One's body is his opening toward his

Kant argued against Hume's idea of there

"Where's the team's spirit" may have been
existence to the world"
being a different 'self' at each moment of
interpreted as "the team's spirit" being a
The living body, his thoughts,

consciousness. physical entity. emotions, and experiences are all one.

 ERSPECT
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IVE
MY
Being a self, namely one's own self, is

the most common of all experiences.

In fact, it is one's own experience of

experiencing those experiences that

is felt: one's sensations, emotions,

memories, feelings of agency,

feelings of thinking, deciding, and

doing, as well as the basic sense of

living. Philosophical traditions advise

us to be aware of who we are but

also to not take ourselves too

seriously or to become excessively

preoccupied with our wants,

thoughts, decisions, and actions—our

"ego"—in the process. However,

what exactly is this self experience,

why do we have it, and what happens

if it starts to fall apart? I'll make the

suggestion that we should be in awe

of the experience of the self and

wonder why we have it.