GLOBAL

GOVERNANCE
T H E CONT EM P ORARY W ORL D
SOCSCI 0 3 2

P R E PA R E D B Y : M S . M I C H E L L E J A N E D . M A R F A ,
RPM
INTRODUCTION
TO G L O B A L G OV E R N A N C E
WHAT IS A GOVERNMENT?
• The institution that creates warfare
and sets economic policies for a
country.
– A political unit that has authority over
its own affairs.
• The group of people who control
and make decisions for a country.
– A particular system used for
controlling a country.
 WITH
G L O B A L I Z AT I O N ,
SOME SCHOLARS
SUGGEST A
DECREASE IN THE
P OW E R O F T H E
S TAT E A N D T H AT
OT H E R AC TO R S
A R E AC T UA L LY
BECOMING MORE
P OW E R F U L .
These actors include multinational
• Today, the globalization of politics created an
atmosphere where the ideas of the nation-state, corporations and global civil society
state sovereignty, government control, and state organizations that cross national
policies are challenged from all sides. boundaries.
GLOBAL GOVERNMENT
VS
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
WHAT IS GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?
• A movement among political cooperation among
transnational actors, aimed at negotiating
responses to problems that affect more than one
nation.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THEM
GLOBAL GLOBAL
GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE
• We don't have global • Global governance is
government. a term that came
• We don't have an around mostly from a
authority with bunch of academics
hierarchical powers. who were looking at
the world's agenda.
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
GLOBAL GOVERNMENT
There’s no
such a thing as
Global
Government…
HISTORY OF
GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
Since the second
wo r l d w a r,
organizations and
u n i o n s h ave b e e n
c re a t e d t o
m a x i m i ze g l o b a l
gove r n a n c e a n d
i n t e r fe re n c e i n
o rd e r t o p reve n t
u n b a l a n c e b e t we e n
states.
N o t o n ly s h o u l d
o n e c o u n t r y h ave a
s ay t ow a rd s wo r l d
issues, but
decisions should
r a t h e r b e t a ke n
t oge t h e r a n d
i n t e r n a t i o n a l ly
which is the main
characterization of
g l o b a l gove r n a n c e .
The debate on
globalization has
been an important
s o u rc e o f t h e
e m e r ge n c e o f
theories on global
gove r n a n c e .
EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• The declining power
of nation-states.
–If states themselves were “highly
contingent and in flux”, it would
open the possibility of the
emergence of some form of
global governance to fill the void.
EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• the vast flows of all
sorts of things that run
into and often right
through the borders of
nation-states.
– This could involve the flow of digital
information of all sorts through the
Internet.
EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• Mass migration of
people and their entry,
often illegally, into
various nation-states.
– The flow of criminal elements, as
well as their products is a strong
factor in the call for global
governance.
EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• Horrendous events
within nation-states
that the states
themselves either
foment and carry out,
or unable to control.
EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• Global problems that
single nation-state cannot
hope to tackle on their
own.
–Such as the global financial
crises and panic that sweep
the world periodically, which
nations are often unable to
deal with their own.
There is no world or
government that can
coordinate and facilitate
cooperation among all
actors to deal with these
threats and challenges.
G LO B A L
GOVERNANCE IN
THE 21 S T

CENTURY
• Environmental Issues
• Health Policies
• Illicit Activities
• Human Rights
GLOBAL
• Refugees, Migration and ISSUES
Population
• Weapons Proliferation
As these problem become
common or global, they can no
longer be tolerated and require
collective action to be managed.
They cannot be dealt with at
national level, by individual states
acting alone.
EFFECTS OF
G LO B A L I Z AT I O N
TO GOVERNMENTS
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO
GOVERNMENTS
• There have been several challenges to the
government and ultimately, to state autonomy.
• We can divide these challenges into four: traditional
challenges, challenges from national or identity
movements, global economics, and global social
movements.
TRADITIONAL
CHALLENGES
There are two forms of
Traditional challenges:
• External Intervention
• Internal Challenges
TRADITIONAL CHALLENGES
I t c a n g e n e r a l ly b e d e s c r i b e d a s
EXTERNAL INTERVENTION i nv a s i o n by o t h e r c o u n t r i e s .

• Ex. Saddam Hussein was the ruler of Iraq in 1990, he decided • Russia’s external intervention into the affairs of Ukraine.
he was going to take over the oil fields in Kuwait. He Russia intervenes in the affairs of people in Crimea who
invaded Kuwait and took it over. As a result, he was want to become part of Russia again even thought they are
dislodged by an international coalition by the United States. part of Ukraine.
TRADITIONAL CHALLENGES
I t c a n g e n e r a l ly b e d e s c r i b e d a s
INTERNAL CHALLENGES p o l i t i c a l c h a l l e n g e s h ap p e n e d w i t h i n
t h e c o u n t r y.

• After Arab Spring in Egypt, a new constitution was created

and a government was elected. That government was more • In Syria, the original rebellion against Assad came from the
fundamentalist and rejected the notion of a plural society country’s own internal dissenters who wanted to replace
that included religious diversity. The military staged a coup the government even though they were also Syrian nationals.
that deposed the government in order to restore stability.
CHALLENGES
F R O M N AT I O N A L /
IDENTITY
M OV E M E N T S
• It is important to know that a
nation has cultural identity that
people attached to, while a
state is a defined entity due to
its specific boundaries.
• However, different people with
different identities can live in
different states.
CHALLENGES FROM
NATIONAL/IDENTITY MOVEMENTS
• Kurds reside in different countries • Global movements such as the Al-
including Iraq, Iran, and Turkey. Qaeda and ISIS, are another
• The Catalans live primarily in Spain examples of national or identity
but we can also find some of them movements. In case they are
in France. structured around the
fundamentalist version of Islam.
• Scottish nationalism is another
example of challenges the
traditional notions of state
sovereignty.
GLOBAL
ECONOMICS
• It demands the states to
conform to the rules of
free-market capitalism.
• Government austerity
comes from developments
of organizations that
cooperate across countries
such as WTO and regional
agreements.
GLOBAL ECONOMICS
• NEOLIBERAL ECONOMICS
– Or the Neoliberal Capitalism, started in the 1980s.
– It focuses on free trade and dismantling trade barriers. It made
sure that government did impose restrictive regulations on
corporate presence, as well as on the free flow of capital and
jobs.
– Free trade was seen as the ideal or normative belief, that is, the
best economy is one where there is free trade everywhere.
GLOBAL ECONOMICS
• NEOLIBERAL ECONOMICS
– Neoliberal economics requires a state to cooperate in the
global market through the free flow of capital, the privatization
of services, and fiscal austerity or constraint. In turn, the
government’s role is diminished as it relates to the market.
– Thus, Neoliberal economics is seen as threat, in general, because
a state cannot protect its own economic interest as a sovereign
state.
GLOBAL ECONOMICS

Greece is one example

that explains how
neoliberal economics
can threaten the
sovereignty of a state.
GLOBAL SOCIAL
M OV E M E N T S
• Are movements of people that
are spontaneous or that emerge
through enormous grassroots
organization.

• These social movements are

transnational movements which
means they can occur across
countries and across borders.
Therefore, states have less control of
them.
GLOBAL SOCIAL
M OV E M E N T S
• There are two types
of Social movements:
• Activist movements
• Regressive or
Reactionary
Movements
GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• There is also an increased role in international
organization like the United Nations and the
International Criminal Court in Hague, the role of
non-governmental organizations, and the role of
global media in creation of social movements.
 FIN.

T H A N K YO U F O R L I S T E N I N G !