Practical 1

Topic: Food Test

Aim: To identify the biochemical in unknown samples in by carrying out various test

Assessment : Observation Recording & Reporting

1. Report written in a logical sequence:
Aim, Material/ Apparatus, 1 mark
Any portion in order of report is missing 0mark
2. Correct content under each heading 1mark

Report written in the past tense 2marks

Still in the present tense 0mark

3. Procedure contains three are less 2 marks

grammatical errors
Three are more grammatical and spelling

1mark
4. observations : 5marks
 colour change for each food: One mark for correct observation
starch-blue-black A mark is deducted where colour change is
incorrect.
protein- mauve/purple/lilac
non-reducing & reducing sugar-green/orange-
yellow/brick-red
fats- cloudy precipitate in emulsion test
each test is accredited 5mks for observation
5. Table : 2 marks
 neatly drawn with appropriate
headings
 have appropriate title, written
 in capital letters and underline

Total /14marks

Practical # 2
TOPIC: BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
TITLE: QUANTITATIVE TEST ON REDUCING SUGAR AND STARCH
AIM: To investigate and compare quantitatively the reducing sugar and starch present in Jew
Plum and guava juice as well as cooked and uncooked banana and sweet potato.
Assessment Manipulation and Measurement
1. Crush food samples finely as possible 1mk

2. Use same quantity of food sample 1mk

each time
3. Use small quantity of water to crush 1mk
sample
4. Mix crush food thoroughly in water 1mk

5. Measure correctly 2 cm3 of test 4mks

solution and reagents using guidelines
A point is deducted for incorrect usage
for measurement using the cylinder
6. Use dropper properly- by squeezing 1mk
rubber cap
7. Use a clean test-tube each time 1mk

8. Mix content in test-tube by shaking 1mk

9. Water baths properly set-up containing 1mk

enough water 1 mark
10. Ensure that cooked samples were 1mk
adequately cooked
11.Remove test-tubes from water bath as soon 1mk
as the results are clear and make observation
Total
14mks

Practical#3
Topic: Cells
Aim: To draw and label the plant epidermal cells under the light microscope (x10&x40).

CLARITY 4marks

 lines are clear , accurate, with no shading 1mark

 or unnecessary details
 diagram is true representation of specimen 1mark
 Lines are continuous of even thickness 1mark
 No unnecessary detail 1mark

ACCURACY
3marks
 Drawing is large enough to display 1mark
specific details
 X10 is smaller representation that x40 2marks
 The nucleus is seen in both drawing at 1mark each in each drawing
different magnification in animal cell
 Plant cell appear rectangular, with two 2marks
distinct line differentiating the plasma
membrane from cell wall
 Nucleus is seen at both magnification
1 marks
3marks
 Annotations brief and informative
(structure +function
3marks

LABELING/label lines
3marks
 straight, no arrow heads, /dot; labels A point is deduced for missing criteria
annotated and written in script and
 identifying each structure
TITLE& MAGNIFICATION
Title is written in caps and at the bottom of 2marks (point deducted for missing
drawing. criterion)

Magnification for drawing calculated and

stated in title 1mark

Total 20marks

Practical#4
Topic: Cells
Aim: To draw and label the mammalian cheek cells under the light microscope (x10&x40).

CLARITY 4marks

 lines are clear , accurate, with no shading 1mark

 or unnecessary details
 diagram is true representation of specimen 1mark
 Lines are continuous of even thickness 1mark
 No unnecessary detail 1mark

ACCURACY
3marks
 Drawing is large enough to display 1mark
specific details
 X10 is smaller representation that x40 2marks
 The nucleus is seen in both drawing at 1mark each in each drawing
different magnification in animal cell
 Nucleus is seen at both magnification 1mark

 Annotations brief and informative 3 marks

(structure +function

LABELING/label lines
3marks
 straight, no arrow heads, /dot; labels A point is deduced for missing criteria
annotated and written in script and
identifying each structure
 TITLE& MAGNIFICATION
Title is written in caps and at the bottom of 2marks (point deducted for missing
drawing. criterion)

Magnification for drawing calculated and

stated in title 1mark

Total 18marks

Lab# 5
Aim: to identify biochemical in unknown substance by carrying out benedict test
Assessment Observation Recording &Reporting
1. Report written in a logical sequence: 1 mark
 Aim, Material/ Apparatus,
Method, Results/ Observations 1 mark

2. Correct content under each heading 1 mark

3. Report written in the past tense 2marks

Still in the present tense 0mark
4. Report contains very few grammatical 2marks
and spelling errors
Three/more grammatical/spelling errors
1mark
5. Table neatly drawn with an
appropriate headings for each column
2marks
A mark is deducted for each incorrect heading
1mark

6. Table have appropriate title, written in 1mark

capitals and underlined
Any aspect missing
0mark
Observation:
Benedict test- blue-green/yellow/orange/red 4marks
A mark for each colour change recorded
correct for each subheading.

A mark deducted for each incorrect colour

change.
Total 14marks

Lab#: 6
Aim: Benedict’s test for non-Reducing Sugar
Assessment Observation Recording &Reporting
1. Report written in a logical sequence: 1 mark
 Aim, Material/ Apparatus,
Method, Results/ Observations 1 mark

2. Correct content under each heading 1 mark

3. Report written in the past tense 2marks

Still in the present tense 0mark
4. Report contains very few grammatical 2marks
and spelling errors
Three/more grammatical/spelling errors
1mark
5. Table neatly drawn with an
appropriate headings for each column
2marks
A mark is deducted for each incorrect heading
1mark

6. Table have appropriate title, written in 1mark

capitals and underlined
Any aspect missing
0mark
Observation:
Benedict test- blue-green yellow 4marks
A mark for each colour change recorded
correct for each subheading.

A mark deducted for each incorrect colour

change.
Total 14marks

Lab #: 7
Aim: To identify biochemical in unknown samples for protein test
Assessment Observation Recording &Reporting
1. Report written in a logical sequence: 1 mark
 Aim, Material/ Apparatus,
Method, Results/ Observations 1 mark

2. Correct content under each heading 1 mark

3. Report written in the past tense 2marks

Still in the present tense 0mark
4. Report contains very few grammatical 2marks
and spelling errors
Three/more grammatical/spelling errors
1mark
5. Table neatly drawn with an
appropriate headings for each column
2marks
A mark is deducted for each incorrect heading
1mark

6. Table have appropriate title, written in 1mark

capitals and underlined
Any aspect missing
0mark
Observation:
Colour changes when added copper sulphate 4marks
and Sodium Hydroxide
A mark for each colour change recorded
correct for each subheading.

A mark deducted for each incorrect colour

change.
Total 14marks

Lab#: 8
Aim#: To identify biochemical in unknown samples in lipid test
Assessment Observation Recording &Reporting
1. Report written in a logical sequence: 1 mark
 Aim, Material/ Apparatus,
Method, Results/ Observations 1 mark

2. Correct content under each heading 1 mark

3. Report written in the past tense 2marks

Still in the present tense 0mark
4. Report contains very few grammatical 2marks
and spelling errors
Three/more grammatical/spelling errors
1mark
5. Table neatly drawn with an
appropriate headings for each column
2marks
A mark is deducted for each incorrect heading
1mark

6. Table have appropriate title, written in 1mark

capitals and underlined
Any aspect missing
0mark
Observation:
Colour changes in samples using Ethanol test 4marks
A mark for each colour change recorded
correct for each subheading.

A mark deducted for each incorrect colour

change.
Total 14marks

Practical#9
Topic: Water Potential
Aim: To investigate the effects on plant cell immersion into solutions of different water
potential.
Assessment Observation Recording
Table: 3marks( 1 mark for each criterion)
 Enclose
 Appropriate heading for each column
 Title written in caps and underline
Observation 6marks ( a mark for each correct result)
Chip in distilled water increase in length 1mk
Chips in solution of different water potential 5mks
decreased in length

Total: 9marks
Assessment Analysis and interpretation
Background 3marks ( a mark for each point)
Definition for the terms osmosis 1mark
Explanation for water potential
In terms of high and low water potential 2marks

Explanation for increase in length 1mark

& decrease in length of the chips in varied 2marks
level of concentration ( hypertonic solution
leads to loss of water from cells or any
sentiment in that trend) ( a point is deducted for each missing point)
3marks
Conclusion : based on aim 2marks
Total: 8marks

EXPERIMENT # 10
TOPIC: ENZYMES
TITLE: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ENZYMES
AIM: To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme (Catalase) catalyzed
reaction.

Assessment Manipulation & Measurement

1. Measuring cylinders were read from a 1mark
flat surface and
meniscus read at eye level 2marks

2. Water baths were maintained at a 1mark

specified temperature using
thermometers
3. Liquid stirred to maintain even 1mark
temperatures
4. Immersion time sufficient for thermal 1mark
equilibrium
5. Complete bulb of thermometer 1mark
immersed

6. Use of timing device 1mark

7. potato cut into small pieces before 1mark

crushing
Total 9marks

Assessment Analysis and Interpretation

 1. Background information – definition
key term enzymes and Temperature
3marks
2. Deduce from the graph the minimum, 3marks( a mark is deducted for each criterion)
optimum and maximum temperature at
which Catalase works
3. Determine the rate of reaction from 1mark ( a mark is deducted if not determined)
the graph
4. Explain how temperature affects rate 1mark
of reaction of Catalase
5. Account for the effervescence which 1mark
results in the foam layer
6. Effect of boiling on enzyme activity 1mark

7. Limitation to the method two 2marks( point is deducted any missing point)
mentioned

8. Appropriate conclusion in accordance 2marks

to aim

Total :
16 marks

EXPERIMENT # 11
TOPIC: REPRODUCTION
TITLE: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN
AIM: to make drawings from prepared slides of mammalian ovary and testis.
Clarity
1. Drawing lines are clean, continuous 1mark
and of even thickness
2. Reasonable size 1mark

3. No shading or unnecessary details 1mark

Accuracy
4. Faithfulness of reproduction of 1mark
specimen

5. Structure typical of specimen 1mark

6. Drawing show reasonable proportions 2 marks

Labelling
7. Neat lines drawn with a ruler, 1mark
horizontal, parallel, no cross

8. Accurate and appropriate labels and 2 marks

annotation
9. Titles written below in block capitals 1 mark
and underlined include view/ type of
specimen
10. Correct magnification, show 1 mark
calculation

Total 12 marks

Lab # 12
Aim: to investigate the effect of amylase and starch
Skill: ORR
Criteria Specifics Marks
Past tense, passive voice 2
Sequence 2
Construct a table to show 2
result
Standard English 2
Colour changes recorded for 2
each time (0 to 10minutes) in
table
Total x/total x 10

Lab # 13
Aim: to investigate the effects of enzymes and substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme
catalysed reaction
Assessment Observation Recording & Reporting
1. Report written in a logical 1mark
sequence

2. Correct content under each 1mark

heading

3. Report written in past-tense 2marks

4. Report written in standard English 2marks

5. Title of graph and table written in 1mark

capitals and self-explanatory
6. Axes- foam layer on horizontal 1mark
axes and concentration on the
vertical axes
7. Point plot to best fit (points 1mark
marked with small dots)

8. Accuracy – all points plotted 4marks

accurately

9. Scale – appropriate so that graph 2marks

takes up most of page
Total: 15marks
Assessment : Analysis And Interpretation
Discussion contain background information a 2marks
The characteristics of enzyme
explain observation as relates to steady 3marks( point deducted for criterion)
upward movement of graph
The greater the concentration of substrate the
 greater the enzyme active.

Appropriate conclusion based on aim 1mark

Total: 6marks

Lab #: 14
Aim: to construct models to depict the stages of mitosis
Skill: MM
Criteria Specifics Marks
Recyclable materials used to 2
construct model
Each models depicts the 4
stages of mitosis
Models labelled for each 2
stages
Title stated for each models 2
Total x/total x 10

Practical #: 15
Topic: Cell Division- Mitosis
Aim: To determine how long each phase of mitosis is
Assessment Manipulation and Measurement
1. Mount slide directly over the opening
of stage and secure with clips
2marks
2. Turn revolving nose piece to low
power lens, ensures that it clicks in
2marks
place
3. Do not touch lens with finger 1mark

4. Adjust lighting
1mark
5. Gently bring the objective to about 1mark
5mm above slide.
6. Use coarse adjustment to adjust lens
1mark
7.Use fine adjustment for clarity
2marks
8. View at higher magnification
2marks
Total : 12marks
Assessment Analysis &Interpretation
Background:
Describe the three phases of the interphase
noted: G1, G2& S phase 3marks( a point is deducted for each missing
criterion)
Discussion
Explain each phases of mitosis based on the 5marks( a mark is deducted for criterion)
data tabulated in table; interphase,Propase,
metaphase, anaphase and Telophase
One source of error identified 1mark
Conclusion: Based on aim 1mark
Total 12marks