What is

SOLID MENSURATION is concerned

basically with the application of the
theorems and principles of Solid
Geometry to the determination of the
SOLID surface areas and volumes of solids.
MENSURATION? The formulas developed find wide and
varied applications to manufacturing
Solid mensuration is another name for and the several branches of
solid geometry, which is a field in
engineering, technology and
mathematics where measurements of
architecture.
three dimensional shapes are studied.
Length, width and height are the three
most important measurements in solid Cost accounting of materials used in
mensuration With those three values, many manufacturing a product requires
other values, such as surface area and knowledge of the volume or weight of
volume, can be determined. the materials in the product.

The field of solid mensuration is highly

important in engineering and architecture
applications. Understanding objects in
three-dimensional space helps engineers
create models and scenarios and solve
problems mathematically before ever
actually using or building any resources.
In highway and railroad engineering,
one must be able to calculate volumes
of cut and fill needed to bring the
foundation to grade.
In Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, volumes of chemicals and
liquids have to be calculated.

It is used by artists in three-

dimensional animation for animated
movies and video games.

Architects apply these math forms to

plan their blueprints or initial sketch
designs. They also calculate the
probability of issues the construction
team could run into as they bring the
design vision to life in three dimensions.

These are but a few of the

applications of Solid Mensuration.
 What are
LINES AND
ANGLES?
Lines and angles are the basic shapes in
geometry. Lines are figures that are made
up of infinite points extending indefinitely
in both directions. Both lines and angles
form the base for any shape in geometry.
We cannot draw a two-dimensional to
three-dimensional shape without using
lines and angles.
Based on concepts or operations
performed on lines, they are;
PERPENDICULAR LINES
When two lines form a right angle with
each other, by meeting at a single point,
are called perpendicular lines. In the
figure, you can see, lines AB and CD are
perpendicular to each other.
PARALLEL LINES
Two lines are said to be parallel when they
do not meet at any point in a plane or
which do not intersects each other. In the
figure, lines PQ and RS are parallel to each
other.
TRANSVERSAL LINES
When a line intersects two lines at distinct
points, it is called a transversal. In the
figure, a transversal l is intersecting two
lines at point P and Q.
LINE
It is a straight one-dimensional figure,
that extends in the opposite directions
infinitely. A line can be horizontal or
vertical. It can be drawn from left to
right or top to bottom. Lines are
straight and have negligible depth or
width. There are a variety of lines you
will learn about, such as perpendicular
lines, intersecting lines, transversal lines,
etc.
TYPES OF LINES
Lines are basically categorized as:
LINE SEGMENT
A line segment is a part of a line with
two end-points. It is the shortest
distance between two points and has a
fixed length.
RAY
A ray is a part of a line, which has a
starting point and extends infinitely in
one direction.
PROPERTIES OF LINES
• Collinear points are a set of three or
more points which lie on the same line.
• The points which do not lie on the
same line are called non-collinear
points.
Note: Three points can be either
collinear or non-collinear, but not both
together at the same time.
 ANGLE
A figure that is formed when the endpoints
of two rays meet at a single point. They are
measured in degrees (°) or radians. A
complete rotation is equal to an angle of
360 degrees. It is represented by the
∠
symbol ‘ ’.
Based on the relation between two
angles, conceptual wise, they are;
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
Two angles which sum up to 90 degrees
are called complementary angles.

TYPES OF ANGLES
Angles are basically categorized as:

ACUTE ANGLE (<90°) SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES

If the inclination between the arms is less Two angles which sum up to 180 degrees
than a right angle, it is called an acute are called supplementary angles.
angle.

OBTUSE ANGLE (>90°)

If the inclination between the arms is more
than a right angle, it is called an obtuse
angle.
ADJACENT ANGLES
RIGHT ANGLE (=90°) Two angles which have a common side
If the arms form an angle of 90 degrees and a common vertex are called adjacent
between them, it is called a right angle. angles. In the following figure, ∠
α and
∠ β are adjacent angles.
STRAIGHT ANGLE (=180°)
If the arms form an angle of 180 degrees
between them, it is called a straight angle.

PROPERTIES OF ANGLES
• An angle is a figure in which two rays
emerge from a common point. This point is
called the vertex of the angle and the two
rays forming the angle are called its arms
or sides.
• An angle which is greater than 180
degrees but less than 360 degrees is
called a reflex angle.
VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES
Two angles which are formed, opposite to
each other, when two lines intersect at a
common point or vertex, are called
vertically opposite angles. In the figure,
given below;
∠ ∠ ∠
POR = SOQ and POS = ROQ ∠

• If two adjacent angles add up to 180

degrees, they form a linear pair of angles.

• When two lines intersect each other, the

two opposite pairs of angles formed are
called vertically opposite angles.
REFERENCES
https://www.scribd.com/document/4450693
44/Group-1-Solid-Mensuration
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14862738/I
NTRODUCTION-AND-OVERVIEW-SOLID-
MENSURATION/
https://byjus.com/maths/lines-and-angles/