!

chapter 6- cells
1. state the functions of all parts in animal cells
parts functions
nucleus controls cellular activities (eg
cell repair or reproduction) /
contains genetic material of cell
(chromosomes)
chromosomes long thread-like structure /
contains genetic information
vacuoles numerous small sacs / temporary
storage for food and water
mitochondria rod-shaped organelles / release
energy from food during
respiration
cytoplasm jelly-like substances / contains
water, food, wastes
cell membrane partially permeable / controls
movement of substances in &
out
2. state the functions of all parts in plant cells
parts functions
cytoplasm just a thin-lining (most space
occupied by vacuole) / contains
chloroplasts and starch grains
chloroplast disc-like substances / contains
chlorophyll which traps light
from sunlight to make food
through photosynthesis
starch grains excess sugar produced in
photosynthesis is converted to
 starch and stored here
vacuole large, central vacuole / contains
cell sap made out of dissolved
salts and minerals / provide
structural support & keeping the
cell firm by absorbing water
cell wall made out of cellulose / supports
the cell & gives it regular shape /
fully permeable
3. what is division of labour ?
● It is the breakdown of workload into smaller and more specific

tasks for maximum efficiency

4. what is the benefit of division of labour ?

● enables cell to carry out certain functions more effectively and

efficiently than for every cell to perform one function

● results in smooth-running of systems, ensuring its survival

5. state the specialised cell, their functions, and their specific

features
specific function : absorb water and dissolved mineral salts
specific features :
● long & narrow protrusion = increases its surface area to volume

ratio for efficient absorption of water and mineral salts

● large vacuole = to contain more dissolved mineral salts and

water (cell sap will be more concentrated than water in the soil
so osmosis can occur for absorption of water)
specific function : transport oxygen
specific features :
● bioconcave shape = increases the surface area of oxygen to

volume ratio of the red blood cell for faster diffusion of oxygen
● no nucleus = contain more haemoglobin for more space for more

oxygen to be transported
specific function : fertilise the ovum
specific features :
● has a nucleus = genetic information for heredity

● middle section contains alot of mitochondria = provides energy

for it to move and swim

specific function : control the pores of the stoma for gaseous
exchange
specific features :
● unevenly thickened cell walls = thick inner wall & thin outer walls

● when turgid = bend outwards and pull stoma open

● when flaccid = bend onwards and push stoma close

specific functions : transport water and mineral salts from roots to
other parts
specific function :
● no protoplasm = allow continuous water flow from roots to

leaves
● walls thickened w lignin = prevent collapse of vessel

6. define tissue
answer : a group of similar cells working together to perform a
specific function
 7. define organ
answer : a group of tissues working together to perform a particular
function together

8. define organ system

answer : consists of several organs working together for a specific
function

______________________________________

test questions !
1. there are few but large vacuoles in the cells of __________
answer : human, ferns, birds, fish

2. which is an organ
answer : nerve, muscle, kidney

3. (i) give an example of an organism that does not require division

of labour
answer : amoeba / paramecium

(ii) explain why

answer : it is a unicellular organism. it contains only a single cell
which performs all the functions.

4. suggest why onion cells does not have chloroplasts

answer : it is a storage cell and do not need to make food

5. state 3 differences between a plant and animal cell

● a plant cell has a large and central vacuole while the vacuole in

the animal cell are in small, numerous sacs

● cytoplasm in a plant cell is just a thin-lining while in animal cell it
●

is a jelly-like substance that fills up most of the cell

● plant cell has cell walls while animals cells does not